Enhanced Production of Valuable Bioactive Metabolites in Submerged Cultures of Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum by Manipulation of Oxygen Supply

Zhong, Jian-Jiang,Fang, Qing-Hua,Tang, Ya-Jie The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.4 No.3

Submerged cultures of Ganoderma lucidum, a valuable mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine, were used for production of bioactive Banoderic acids and Ganoderma polysaccharides. The significant effects of oxygen supply were demonstrated in both shake flasks and bioreactors. By changing the medium loading volume in a shake flask, a different value of initial volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient ($K_L$a) was obtained, and a higher $K_L$a value led to a higher biomass density and a higher productivity of both intracellular polysaccharide and ganoderic acid. In a stirred bioreactor, at an initial $K_L$a of 78.2 $h^{-1}$, a maximal cell concentration of 15.6 g/L by dry weight was obtained, as well as a maximal intracellular polysarcharide (IPS) production of 2.2 g/L and its maximal productivity of 220 mg/(L.d). An increase of initial $K_L$a led to a higher production and productivity of GA, and the GA production and productivity at an initial $K_L$a of 96.0 $h^{-1}$ was 1.8-fold those at an initial $K_L$a of 16.4 $h^{-1}$. The fundamental information obtained in this study may be useful for efficient large-scale production of these valuable bioactive products by the submerged cultures.

Five miRNAs as Novel Diagnostic Biomarker Candidates for Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Tang, Jin-Feng,Yu, Zhong-Hua,Liu, Tie,Lin, Zi-Ying,Wang, Ya-Hong,Yang, La-Wei,He, Hui-Juan,Cao, Jun,Huang, Hai-Li,Liu, Gang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). Despite advances in the field of cancer molecular biology and biomarker discovery, the development of clinically validated biomarkers for primary NPC has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression and clinical significance of miRNAs as novel primary NPC diagnostic biomarkers. We used an array containing 2, 500 miRNAs to identify 22 significant miRNAs, and these candidate miRNAs were validated using 67 fresh NPC and 25 normal control tissues via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Expression and correlation analyses were performed with various statistical approaches, in addition to logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to evaluate diagnostic efficacy. qRT-PCR revealed five differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-93-5p, miR-135b-5p, miR-205-5p and miR-183-5p) in NPC tissue samples relative to control samples (p<0.05), with miR-135b-5p and miR-205-5p being of significant diagnostic value (p<0.01). Moreover, comparison of NPC patient clinicopathologic data revealed a negative correlation between miR-93-5p and miR-183-5p expression levels and lymph node status (p<0.05). These findings display an altered expression of many miRNAs in NPC tissues, thus providing information pertinent to pathophysiological and diagnostic research. Ultimately, miR-135b-5p and miR-205-5p may be implicated as novel NPC candidate biomarkers, while miR-93-5p, miR-650 and miR-183-5p may find application as relevant clinical pathology and diagnostic candidate biomarkers.

Mda-9/syntenin Promotes Human Brain Glioma Migration through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK)-JNK and FAK-AKT Signaling

Zhong, Dong,Ran, Jian-Hua,Tang, Wen-Yuan,Zhang, Xiao-Dong,Tan, Yun,Chen, Gui-Jie,Li, Xiao-Song,Yan, Yi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.6

Invasion is usually recognized as the main reason for the high recurrence and death rates of glioma and restricts the efficacy of surgery and other therapies. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the mechanism involved in promotion effects of mda-9/syntenin on human glioma cell migration. The wound healing method was used to test the migration ability of human glioma cells CHG-5 and CHG-hS, stably overexpressing mda-9/syntenin. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and JNK in CHG-5 and CHG-hS cells. The migration ability of CHG-hS cells was significantly higher than that of CHG-5 cells in fibronectin (FN)-coated culture plates. Phosphorylation of FAK on tyrosine 397, 576, and 925 sites was increased with time elapsed in CHG-hS cells. However, phosphorylated FAK on the tyrosine 861 site was not changed. Phosphorylated Src, JNK and Akt levels in CHG-hS cells were also significantly upregulated. Phosphorylation of JNK and Akt were abolished by the specific inhibitors SP600125 and LY294002, respectively, and the migration ability of CHG-hS cells was decreased, indicating that the JNK and PI3K/Akt pathways play important roles in regulating mda-9/syntenin-induced human brain glioma migration. Our results indicate Mda-9/syntenin overexpression could activate FAK-JNK and FAK-Akt signaling and then enhance the migration capacity of human brain glioma cells.

Clinical Effectiveness of Preoperative Embolization for Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma

Liu, Ai-Hua,Peng, Tang-Ming,Wu, Zhen,Xiao, Xin-Ru,Jiang, Chu-Han,Wu, Zhong-Xue,Li, You-Xiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.9

The cerebellar hemangioblastoma (CHB) has an abundant blood supply and deep anatomical location. Complete surgical resection is generally very difficult. This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of preoperative embolization followed by surgical resection of CHB in a large cohort of patients. A database of 125 CHB patients with surgical resection in Beijing Tiantan Hospital between July 2006 and July 2012 was reviewed. Of those, 46 cases (experimental group) received preoperative embolization, 79 cases (control group) underwent surgery without embolization. Patient demographics, tumor size, duration of surgery, blood loss, blood transfusion, complications and follow-up results were collected and analyzed retrospectively. In the experimental group, the Kamofsky score (KS) was 80-100 in 40 cases (86.9%), 40-70 in 4 cases (8.7%), and below 40 in 2 cases (4.3%). Among 31 cases with follow-up, KS was 80-100 in 27 cases (87.1%), 40-70 in 2 cases (6.5%), and 0 in 2 cases (6.5%). In control group, KS was 80 -100 in 65 cases (82.2%), 40-70 in 6 cases (7.6%), 10-30 in 3 cases (3.8%), and 0 in 3 cases (3.8%). Among 53 cases with follow-up, KS was 80-100 in 44 cases (83.0%), 40-70 in 4 cases (7.5%), 10-30 in 1 case (1.9%), and 0 in 4 cases (7.5%). There were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in tumor size, duration of surgery, amount of intraoperative blood loss and transfusion (p<0.01). However, complications (p=0.31) and follow-up results (p=0.76) showed no significant differences between groups. Selective preoperative embolization of those CHB patients with richer blood supply, higher hemorrhage risk, is safe and effective, and is a reliable adjuvant therapy for complete surgical resection of CHB.

Clinical and Pathologic Features of Multifocal and Multicentric Breast Cancer in Chinese Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Mei-rong Zhou,Zhong-hua Tang,Jing Li,Jin-Hu Fan,Yi Pang,Hong-jian Yang,Shan Zheng,Jing-qiao Bai,Ning Lv,You-Lin Qiao,Feng Xu,Hai-zhi Qi 한국유방암학회 2013 Journal of breast cancer Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the clinical-pathological characteristics of multifocal and multicentric breast cancer (MMBC) in Chinese women. Methods: Sixty-seven cases with MMBC were randomly collected and reviewed at seven hospitals in representative districts of China during 1999 to 2008. Results: The incidence of MMBC in breast cancer in China was 1.75%. Compared to those with unifocal breast cancer, women with MMBC were more likely to have larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis (59.70% vs. 45.62%) and stage III to IV (46.26% vs. 21.10%). The peak age at onset of MMBC was 40 to 49 years old and has been gradually increasing during 1999 to 2008. Most of the MMBC women were treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy. Conclusion: In China, the incidence of MMBC in breast cancer is significantly lower than that in Western countries. Compared to unifocal breast cancer, MMBC is biologically more aggressive. Most MMBC women underwent mastectomy, instead of breast conservation surgery.

Structure and bioactivity of triterpenoids from the stems of Schisandra sphenanthera

Cheng-Qin Liang,Rong-Hua Luo,Ju-Ming Yan,Yan Li,Xiao-Nian Li,Yi-Ming Shi,Shan-Zhai Shang,Zhong-Hua Gao,Liu-Meng Yang,Yong-Tang Zheng,Wei-Lie Xiao,Hong-Bin Zhang,Han Dong Sun 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.2

Two new triterpenoids, schisphendilactoneA and B (1 and 2), together with three known triterpenoids,were isolated from the stems of Schisandra sphenanthera. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods,and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined bysingle-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 2 showedmoderate inhibitory activity against SW480 cancer cellline, and compound 5 exhibited promising anti-HIV-1activity with EC50 value of 0.52 lg ml-1 and therapeuticindex value of 117.12.

Does HBV Infection Increase Risk of Endometrial Carcinoma?

Jiang, Xue-Feng,Tang, Qiong-Lan,Zou, Yuan,Xu, Ling,Zeng, Hua,Chi, Cong,Jiang, Jing-Ru,Zhang, Bin-Zhong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Objective: Connections between chronic inflammation and tumor development and progression are now generally accepted. Recent evidence indicates that hepatitis B is associated with several types of cancer, but whether endometrial carcinoma (EC) is included has not been reported. Methods: We analyzed HBV serum marker status in 398 patients with endometrial cancer, comparing them to 788 control women undergoing health examination. Results: The total prevalence of HBsAg tested positive in cancer group was significantly higher than the control group (12.8% vs 6.0%, P=0.001), while positive HBsAb was significantly lower (41.2% vs 68.5%, P=0.001). Hepatitis B carriers in endometrial cancer group were also more frequent than in the control group (9.3% vs 5.5%, P=0.013). Interestingly, in the endometrial cancer group, 147 cases were HBV serum marker negative, which was also higher than in the control group (36.9% vs 15.6%, P=0.001). Conclusion: There may be a correlation between HBV infection and endometrial carcinoma.

Down-regulation of miRNA-452 is Associated with Adriamycin-resistance in Breast Cancer Cells

Hu, Qing,Gong, Jian-Ping,Li, Jian,Zhong, Shan-Liang,Chen, Wei-Xian,Zhang, Jun-Ying,Ma, Teng-Fei,Ji, Hao,Lv, Meng-Meng,Zhao, Jian-Hua,Tang, Jin-Hai Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.13

Adriamycin (ADR) is an important chemotherapeutic agent frequently used in treatment of breast cancer. However, resistance to ADR results in treatment failure in many patients. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in such drug-resistance. In the present study, microRNA-452 (miR-452) was found to be significantly down-regulated in adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/ADR) compared with the parental MCF-7 cells by miRNA microarray and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). MiR-452 mimics and inhibitors partially changed the adriamycin-resistance of breast cancer cells, as also confirmed by apoptosis assay. In exploring the potential mechanisms of miR-452 in the adriamycin-resistance of breast cancer cells, bioinformatics analysis, RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that dysregulation of miR-452 played an important role in the acquired adriamycin-resistance of breast cancer, maybe at least in part via targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R).

Lack of Association between Hsa-Mir-499 rs3746444 Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: Meta-analysis Findings

Jiang, Sheng-Gao,Chen, Lin,Tang, Jin-Hai,Zhao, Jian-Hua,Zhong, Shan-Liang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.1

Epidemiologic findings concerning the association between the hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 A>G polymorphism and cancer risk have yielded mixed results. We aimed to investigate the association by performing a meta-analysis of all available studies. We searched PubMed and EMBASE for studies published up to November 2014, using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of any association. The Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) method was used to correct the p values for multiple comparisons. We included 39 studies, including 14,136 cases and 16,937 controls. The results of overall meta-analysis suggested a borderline association between hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility (AG+GG vs. AA: OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.04-1.26, corrected p value=0.04). After removing studies not conforming to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), however, this association disappeared (AG+GG vs AA: OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.03-1.34, corrected p value=0.21). When stratified analysis by ethnicity, cancer type or HWE in controls, although some associations between hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility were detected, these associations no longer existed after adjustment using BH method. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 A>G polymorphism is not associated with risk of cancer based on current evidence.

Polymorphisms in XRCC1 Gene, Alcohol drinking, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Case-control Study in Jiangsu Province of China

Gao, Chang-Ming,Ding, Jian-Hua,Li, Su-Ping,Liu, Yan-Ting,Cao, Hai-Xia,Wu, Jian-Zhong,Tang, Jin-Hai,Tajima, Kazuo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

To evaluate the relationship between alcohol drinking, XRCC1 codon 194 and 399 polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer, we conducted a case-control study with 315 colorectal cancer cases (105 colon, 210 rectal) and 439 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. The XRCC1 codon 194 and 399 genotypes were identified using polymerase chain reaction and restrictrion fragment length polymorphism methods (PCR-RFLP). A structured questionnaire was used to elicit detailed information. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with an unconditional logistic model. In this study no significant differences were observed among the studied groups with regard to the genotype distribution of the XRCC1 codons 194 and 399 and the risk of colorectal cancer did not appear to be significantly influenced by genotype alone, whereas alcohol consumption showed a positive association (P for trend <0.01). When combined effects of XRCC1 polymorphisms and alcohol consumption were analyzed, we found that the 194Trp or 399Gln alleles further increased the colorectal cancer risk due to high alcohol intake. These findings support the conclusion that colorectal cancer susceptibility may be altered by gene-environment interactions.