Elevated thyroid hormones caused by high concentrate diets participate in hepatic metabolic disorders in dairy cows

Chen Qu,Wu Chen,Yao Zhihao,Cai Liuping,Ni Yingdong,Mao Shengyong 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.8

Objective: High concentrate diets are widely used to satisfy high-yielding dairy cows; however, long-term feeding of high concentrate diets can cause subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). The endocrine disturbance is one of the important reasons for metabolic disorders caused by SARA. However, there is no current report about thyroid hormones involved in liver metabolic disorders induced by a high concentrate diet. Methods: In this study, 12 mid-lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to HC (high concentrate) group (60% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6) and LC (low concentrate) group (40% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6). All cows were slaughtered on the 21st day, and the samples of blood and liver were collected to analyze the blood biochemistry, histological changes, thyroid hormones, and the expression of genes and proteins. Results: Compared with LC group, HC group showed decreased serum triglyceride, free fatty acid, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased hepatic glycogen, and glucose. For glucose metabolism, the gene and protein expression of glucose-6- phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in the liver were significantly up-regulated in HC group. For lipid metabolism, the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1, and fatty acid synthase in the liver was decreased in HC group, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α were increased. Serum triiodothyronine, thyroxin, free triiodothyronine (FT3), and hepatic FT3 increased in HC group, accompanied by increased expression of thyroid hormone receptor (THR) in the liver. Conclusion: Taken together, thyroid hormones may increase hepatic gluconeogenesis, β-oxidation and reduce fatty acid synthesis through the THR pathway to participate in the metabolic disorders caused by a high concentrate diet. Objective: High concentrate diets are widely used to satisfy high-yielding dairy cows; however, long-term feeding of high concentrate diets can cause subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). The endocrine disturbance is one of the important reasons for metabolic disorders caused by SARA. However, there is no current report about thyroid hormones involved in liver metabolic disorders induced by a high concentrate diet.Methods: In this study, 12 mid-lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to HC (high concentrate) group (60% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6) and LC (low concentrate) group (40% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6). All cows were slaughtered on the 21st day, and the samples of blood and liver were collected to analyze the blood biochemistry, histological changes, thyroid hormones, and the expression of genes and proteins.Results: Compared with LC group, HC group showed decreased serum triglyceride, free fatty acid, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased hepatic glycogen, and glucose. For glucose metabolism, the gene and protein expression of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in the liver were significantly up-regulated in HC group. For lipid metabolism, the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1, and fatty acid synthase in the liver was decreased in HC group, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α were increased. Serum triiodothyronine, thyroxin, free triiodothyronine (FT3), and hepatic FT3 increased in HC group, accompanied by increased expression of thyroid hormone receptor (THR) in the liver.Conclusion: Taken together, thyroid hormones may increase hepatic gluconeogenesis, β-oxidation and reduce fatty acid synthesis through the THR pathway to participate in the metabolic disorders caused by a high concentrate diet.

The profiles of antioxidant enzyme expression in soleus muscle after atrophic stress

Zhihao Chen,Jin-Kyung Lee,Tae-Hoon Lee 한국실험동물학회 2019 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.7

Fabrication and characterization of polypyrrole coatings by embedding antimony modified SnO2 nanoparticles

Zhihao Chen,Yijie Jin,Wenzhong Yang,Bin Xu,Yun Chen,Xiaoshuang Yin,Ying Liu 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.75 No.-

Polypyrrole (PPy) coatings were successfully electrosynthesized on the carbon steel by embedding SnO2and Sb-SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The associated structural, morphology, hydrophobic, physicalproperties, anti-corrosion and self-healing performance of these coatings were systematically studiedby several tests. XRD results showed that SnO2 had a tetragonal rutile structure and the lattice parametersindicated that Sb ions were successful substituted into SnO2 lattice. The average size of SnO2 NPs wasdecreased by the incorporation of Sb-SnO2 NPs, which were found through TEM images. The contactangle test showed that the hydrophobic of PPy coatings was greatly enhanced by the incorporation of Sb-SnO2 NPs. SEM results revealed that Sb-SnO2/PPy coating exhibited a more compact and uniform surfacethan SnO2/PPy coating, hence the physical barrier effect was significantly strengthened. Theelectrochemical measurements confirmed the excellent anti-corrosion and self-healing ability of Sb-SnO2/PPy coating for a long immersion time in HCl solution. The superior anti-corrosion performance ofSb-SnO2/PPy coating was ascribed to the synergistic effects of the anodic protection combined with theself-healing effect, the excellent physical barrier effect with compact, smooth and hydrophobic coatingsurface as well as the formation of p-n junction with decreased charge transfer.

N-[2-(4-benzoyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2-(4chlorophenoxy) acetamide is a novel inhibitor of resorptive bone loss in mice

Zhihao Chen,Eunjin Cho,Mina Ding,Sunwoo Lee,Byung-Ju Park,Tae-Hoon Lee 한국실험동물학회 2020 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress effect of Phascolosoma esculenta oligosaccharides on Escherichia coli-induced sepsis mice

Zhihao Yang,Ying Pan,Jiong Chen,Hao Zhang,Hua Wei,Zufang Wu,Lianliang Liu 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.6

Bacterial infection is the most common cause ofsepsis. In this study, Phascolosoma esculenta oligosaccharides(PEOs) were prepared to evaluate their resistanceagainst E. coli-induced sepsis. HPLC–MS and FT-IRindicated that PEOs were composed of D-glucosyl, Dgalactosyl,with small amount of D-mannosyl, D-arabinosyland residues with a- and b-type linkage. Different dosageadministrations of PEOs for 30 days significantly improvedICR mice survival rate and bacterial clearance ability(P\0.01) after as E. coli injection. Moreover, PEOs significantlyreduced the secretion of IL-1b and TNF-a andenhanced that of IL-10 in sepsis mice, enhanced theantioxidant enzyme activities and total antioxidant capacity,decreased MDA level in the serum, and upregulatedmRNA expression of Nrf2 (P\0.01). All these resultsindicate that PEOs could improve the resistance of ICRmice against E. coli-induced sepsis that attributed to antiinflammatoryand anti-oxidative stress.

Low Expression of Circulating MicroRNA-34c is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Zhihao Zeng,Xiaowu Chen,Dajian Zhu,Zhongran Luo,Min Yang 연세대학교의과대학 2017 Yonsei medical journal Vol.58 No.4

Purpose: The microRNA-34 (miR-34) family is important in tumor regulation. This study aimed to investigate the association of circulating miR-34 family proteins with clinicopathological features and their prognostic value in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Materials and Methods: In this cohort study, 173 TNBC patients admitted to First People’s Hospital of Shunde from May 1, 2009 to April 30, 2013 were enrolled. Meanwhile, 75 age-matched healthy women volunteers were identified as healthy controls (HCs). We examined the expression of miR-34 family (miR-34a/b/c) proteins in plasma collected from TNBC patients before any treatmentwas performed and from age-matched HCs using qPCR methods. Results: The expressions of miR-34a/34b/34c were significantly lower in TNBC patients than in HC (p<0.001, p=0.027, p<0.001, respectively). miR-34a was correlated with tumor grade (p=0.038), lymph node positive (p=0.027), distant metastasis (p=0.004), and surgery (p=0.023); miR-34b was correlated with lymph node positivity (p=0.027); and miR-34c was correlated with tumor grade (p=0.017) and distant metastasis (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis displayed low expression of miR-34a as associated with worse overall survival (OS) (p=0.011), as well as miR-34c low expression (p=0.002). In addition, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was performed, and low expression of miR-34c (p=0.011) was found to be an independent risk factor for OS, as well as tumor grade (p=0.013), lymph node positive (p=0.050), and distant metastasis (p=0.021). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated reduced miR-34a/c expression is highly associated with tumor progression and indicated worse prognosis. Also, miR-34c was an independent risk factor for OS in TNBC patients.

An Adaptive Network Prediction and Judgment Method for Unstable Communication on Moving Medical Vehicles

Zhihao Zheng,Pan He,Jiashun Ren,Yu Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.7

To evaluate the wireless network condition on moving medial vehicles and make reasonable judgment among multiple network channels, an automatic network judgment method is presented for unstable communication environment based on adaptive network speed analysis and prediction method. Historical network observation data are collected; time series analysis method and ARMA model are employed to build prediction model using historical data statistics with periodical update mechanism. Predicted network speed value is then compared with real speed value and a criterion to identify the condition of network is summarized from comparison result analysis. Experiments are conducted in both normal network and interfered network situations. Empirical studies results show that the adaptive prediction method could be used for wireless network speed prediction on moving vehicles. Under different network environments, the fit value of each group of data varies and this value could be used for network problem identification.

Performance of Contra-Rotating Propellers for Stratospheric Airships

Zhihao Tang,Peiqing Liu,Jingwei Sun,Yaxi Chen,Hao Guo,Guangchao Li 한국항공우주학회 2015 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.16 No.4

Small advance ratio and low Reynolds number of stratospheric propulsion system bring lots of challenges to the design of propellers. Contra-rotating propeller configuration is proposed to improve the propulsion efficiency. In this paper, the feasibility of contra-rotating propeller for stratospheric airship has been assessed and its performance has been investigated by wind tunnel tests. The experimental results indicate, at relatively low Reynolds number, although the advance ratio is fixed, the performance of propellers is different with variation of Reynolds number. Moreover, at the same Reynolds number, the efficiency of contra-rotating propeller achieved appears to be a few percent greater than that for a standard conventional propulsion system. It can be concluded that contra-rotating propellers would be an efficient means to improve the performance of stratospheric airship propulsion system.

Comparison of nitrogen transformation dynamics in non-irradiated and irradiated alfalfa and red clover during ensiling

Zhihao Dong,Junfeng Li,Lei Chen,Xianjun Yuan,Tao Shao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.10

Objective: To study the contribution of plant enzyme and microbial activities on protein degradation in silage, this study evaluated the nitrogen transformation dynamics during ensiling of non- and irradiated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Methods: Alfalfa and red clover silages were prepared and equally divided into two groups. One group was exposed to γ-irradiation at a recommended dosage (25 Gky). Therefore, four types of silages were produced: i) non-irradiated alfalfa silage; ii) irradiated alfalfa silage; iii) non-irradiated red clover silage; and iv) irradiated red clover silage. These silages were opened for fermentation quality and nitrogen components analyses after 1, 4, 8, and 30 days, respectively. Results: The γ-irradiation successfully suppressed microbial activity, indicated by high pH and no apparent increases in fermentation end products in irradiated silages. All nitrogen components, except for peptide-N, increased throughout the ensiling process. Proteolysis less occurred in red clover silages compared with alfalfa silages, indicated by smaller (p<0.05) increment in peptide-N and free amino acid N (FAA-N) during early stage of ensiling. The γ-irradiation treatment increased (p<0.05) peptide-N and FAA-N in alfalfa silage at day 1, whereas not in red clover silage; these two nitrogen components were higher (p<0.05) between day 4 and day 30 in non-irradiated silages than the irradiated silages. The ammonia nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen were highest in non-irradiated alfalfa silage and lowest in irradiated red clover silage after ensiling. Conclusion: The result of this study indicate that red clover and alfalfa are two forages varying in their nitrogen transformation patterns, especially during early stages of ensiling. Microbial activity plays a certain role in the proteolysis and seems little affected by the presence of polyphenol oxidase in red clover compared with alfalfaa.

Performance of Contra-Rotating Propellers for Stratospheric Airships

Tang, Zhihao,Liu, Peiqing,Sun, Jingwei,Chen, Yaxi,Guo, Hao,Li, Guangchao The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2015 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.16 No.4

Small advance ratio and low Reynolds number of stratospheric propulsion system bring lots of challenges to the design of propellers. Contra-rotating propeller configuration is proposed to improve the propulsion efficiency. In this paper, the feasibility of contra-rotating propeller for stratospheric airship has been assessed and its performance has been investigated by wind tunnel tests. The experimental results indicate, at relatively low Reynolds number, although the advance ratio is fixed, the performance of propellers is different with variation of Reynolds number. Moreover, at the same Reynolds number, the efficiency of contra-rotating propeller achieved appears to be a few percent greater than that for a standard conventional propulsion system. It can be concluded that contra-rotating propellers would be an efficient means to improve the performance of stratospheric airship propulsion system.