Three New Oleanane-Type Triterpene Saponins from Gladiolus gandavensis

Zhi-Gang Tai,Le Cai,Ya-Bin Yang,Chuan-Shui Liu,Jian-Jun Xia,Zhong-Tao Ding 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.10

Three new oleanane-type triterpene saponins (1, 2 and 3) were isolated from aerial parts of Gladiolus gandavensis,along with two known compounds (4 and 5). Their structures were elucidated as 29-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacid(1), 3-O-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-29-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-12-en-28-oic acid (2),and 2β,3β,29-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6))-β-D-glucopyranosyl] ester (3), by spectroscopic methods, and by comparison with known analogues. These oleanane-type triterpene saponins glycosidated at C-29 were not obtained frequently.

An Improved Plant Regeneration Protocol using Cotyledonary Explants from Inbred Lines of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)

Yang Zhi Hong,Jin Hua,Plaha Prikshit,Woong Bae Tae,Jiang Guo Bin,Woo Jong Gyu,Yun Han Dae,Lim Yong Pyo,Lee Hyo Yeon The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.6 No.4

We studied the effect of genotype, explant, age of explant, medium (plant growth regulators and gelling agents), and standardized an efficient regeneration protocol for inbred lines of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Of the different concentrations of NAA and BA tested, the combination of $5\;\cal{mg/L}\;BA\;and\;0.5\;\cal{mg/L}$ NAA gave the highest frequency of shoot regeneration. The cotyledonary explants had more shoot regeneration frequency ($\ge40\%$) than the hypocotyl ex-plants. Besides, the cotyledonary explants, excised from the 4-day old seedlings, showed higher shoot regene-ration ($56.7\%$). Of the three gelling agents and their concentrations used, 16 g/L agar was found to be the best for shoot regeneration. Shoot regeneration frequency in-creased significantly by supplementing the medium with $4\;\cal{mg/L}\;of\;AgNO_3$ MS medium devoid of NAA showed higher frequency of rooting in the regenerated shoots than the ones supplemented with NAA. Our improved regeneration protocol will be especially useful for the genetic transformation of Chinese cabbage inbred lines to develop transgenic hybrids.

AIDS-Related Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Imaging Feature Analysis of 27 Cases and Correlation with Pathologic Findings

Yang, Jun,Wang, Peng,Lv, Zhi-Bin,Wei, Lian-Gui,Xu, Yun-Liang,Zhou, An,Xu, Dong-Hai,Ma, Da-Qing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

Background: Some tumor types are related to HIV, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The morbidity and mortality of NHL has remained high, even after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced. We collected cases of AIDS with NHL, and evaluated the imaging features and strategies for diagnosis. Materials and Methods: There were 27 patients with AIDS and tumors confirmed by pathology. There were 9 patients with Burkitt lymphoma, 16 with diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), and 2 with primary central nervous system (PCNS) lymphomas. All of the patients underwent a series of imaging studies. Three radiologists analyzed the images, and any disagreement was discussed until consensus was reached. Results: The radiologic manifestations of AIDS with NHL were mainly masses and lymphadenopathy, 3 patients having one mass and 12 two or more masses. 7 patients had lymphadenopathy in one site and 3patients had lymphadenopathy in two or more sites. Coarse mucosal folds, thickening of the gastrointestinal wall, and lumen narrowing were typical manifestations of NHL within the gastrointestinal tract. There were 4 patients with masses and 5 with lymphadenopathy inthe 9 with Burkitt lymphoma, and 11 patients with masses 5 with lymphadenopathy in the 16 with DLBCLs. Conclusion: NHL is a malignancy that usually occurs in patients with AIDS. Imaging is an important method by which to evaluate lesions, masses, and lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration biopsy and stereotaxis biopsy are useful methods by which to diagnose NHL.

Side-Chain Isomerization on an n-type Organic Semiconductor ITIC Acceptor Makes 11.77% High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells

Yang, Yankang,Zhang, Zhi-Guo,Bin, Haijun,Chen, Shanshan,Gao, Liang,Xue, Lingwei,Yang, Changduk,Li, Yongfang American Chemical Society 2016 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.138 No.45

<P>Low bandgap n-type organic semiconductor (n-OS) ITIC has attracted great attention for the application as an acceptor with medium bandgap p-type conjugated polymer as donor in nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) because of its attractive photovoltaic performance. Here we report a modification on the molecular structure of ITIC by side-chain isomerization with meta-alkylphenyl substitution, m-ITIC, to further improve its photovoltaic performance. In a comparison with its isomeric counterpart ITIC with para-alkyl-phenyl substitution, m-ITIC shows a higher film absorption coefficient, a larger crystalline coherence, and higher electron mobility. These inherent advantages of m-ITIC resulted in a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.77% for the nonfullerene PSCs with m-ITIC as acceptor and a medium bandgap polymer J61 as donor, which is significantly improved over that (10.57%) of the corresponding devices with ITIC as acceptor. To the best of our knowledge, the PCE of 11.77% is one of the highest values reported in the literature to date for nonfullerene PSCs. More importantly, the m-ITIC-based device shows less thickness-dependent photovoltaic behavior than ITIC-based devices in the active-layer thickness range of 80-360 nm, which is beneficial for large area device fabrication. These results indicate that m-ITIC is a promising low bandgap n-OS for the application as an acceptor in PSCs, and the side-chain isomerization could be an easy and convenient way to further improve the photovoltaic performance of the donor and acceptor materials for high efficiency PSCs.</P>

9.73% Efficiency Nonfullerene All Organic Small Molecule Solar Cells with Absorption-Complementary Donor and Acceptor

Bin, Haijun,Yang, Yankang,Zhang, Zhi-Guo,Ye, Long,Ghasemi, Masoud,Chen, Shanshan,Zhang, Yindong,Zhang, Chunfeng,Sun, Chenkai,Xue, Lingwei,Yang, Changduk,Ade, Harald,Li, Yongfang American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.14

<P>In the last two years, polymer solar cells (PSCs) developed quickly with n-type organic semiconductor (n-OSs) as acceptor. In contrast, the research progress of nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) with organic small molecule as donor and the n-OS as acceptor lags behind. Here, we synthesized a D-A structured medium bandgap organic small molecule H11 with bithienyl-benzodithiophene (BDTT) as central donor unit and fluorobenzo-triazole as acceptor unit, and achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.73% for the all organic small molecules OSCs with H11 as donor and a low bandgap n-OS IDIC as acceptor. A control molecule H12 without thiophene conjugated side chains on the BDT unit was also synthesized for investigating the effect of the thiophene conjugated side chains on the photovoltaic performance of the p-type organic semiconductors (p-OSs). Compared with H12, the 2D-conjugated H11 with thiophene conjugated side chains shows intense absorption, low-lying HOMO energy level, higher hole mobility and ordered bimodal crystallite packing in the blend films. Moreover, a larger interaction parameter (chi) was observed in the H11 blends calculated from Hansen solubility parameters and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. These special features combined with the complementary absorption of H11 donor and IDIC acceptor resulted in the best PCE of 9.73% for nonfullerene all small molecule OSCs up to date. Our results indicate that fluorobenzotriazole based 2D conjugated p-OSs are promising medium bandgap donors in the nonfullerene OSCs.</P>

Three New Oleanane-Type Triterpene Saponins from Gladiolus gandavensis

Tai, Zhi-Gang,Cai, Le,Yang, Ya-Bin,Liu, Chuan-Shui,Xia, Jian-Jun,Ding, Zhong-Tao Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.10

Three new oleanane-type triterpene saponins (1, 2 and 3) were isolated from aerial parts of Gladiolus gandavensis, along with two known compounds (4 and 5). Their structures were elucidated as 29-O-($\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl)-$2{\beta}$,$3{\beta}$-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacid(1), 3-O-($\beta$-D-xylopyranosyl)-29-O-($\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl)-12-en-28-oic acid (2), and $2{\beta}$,$3{\beta}$,29-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-[$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}2$)-($\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}6$))-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl] ester (3), by spectroscopic methods, and by comparison with known analogues. These oleanane-type triterpene saponins glycosidated at C-29 were not obtained frequently.

Chinese herbal injections for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A narrative review

Xiao-Bin Zhu,Meng Guo,Zhi-Hui Zhang,Li-Hua Sun,Lei Liu,Li-Juan Zhou,Chun-Lei Shan,Yi Yang,Lian-Di Kan,Liu-Cheng Li 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.4

Background The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 180 million infections and 3.9 million deaths. To date, emerging clinical evidence has shown the synergetic benefits of Chinese herbal injections in treating this contagious respiratory disease. This review aims to summarize and analyze the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal injections in the therapy of COVID-19. Methods The literature from 3 electronic databases, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science, were searched using the search terms “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “traditional Chinese medicine”, “herb”, “herbal”, and “injection”. Then the identified articles were comprehensively evaluated. Results Limited data demonstrated that Chinese herbal injections could significantly improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients, especially in combination with conventional treatment strategies. The benefits of which were mainly associated with the relief of symptoms, prevention of secondary infection, regulation of inflammation and immune function. There was also evidence showing the inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Nevertheless, available real-world data suggested the increased risk of adverse event. Furthermore, the defects of existing researches and the insights for discovering novel antiviral drugs were prospectively discussed. Conclusion Evidence-based advances revealed that Chinese herbal injections such as XueBiJing injection and ShenMai injection, exerted potent effects against COVID-19. Further laboratory researches and clinical evaluation are needed to gather scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety.

VUV spectroscopic properties of rare-earth (RE³⁺ = Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Dy³⁺) -activated layered borate Ba₆Gd₉B₇₉O₁₃₈

Zhang, Zhi-Jun,Zhang, Shao-Lin,Zhang, Wei-Bin,Yang, Woochul Elsevier 2017 SOLID STATE SCIENCES Vol.64 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopic properties of rare-earth RE<SUP>3+</SUP>- activated (RE<SUP>3+</SUP> = Sm<SUP>3+</SUP>, Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>, Tb<SUP>3+</SUP> and Dy<SUP>3+</SUP>) Ba<SUB>6</SUB>Gd<SUB>9</SUB>B<SUB>79</SUB>O<SUB>138</SUB> borates (BGBO) are investigated. The strong absorption bands in the VUV range of un-doped and RE<SUP>3+</SUP>-activated BGBO were observed. The band range from 140 to 200 nm with a peak at about 173 nm results from the host lattice absorption. For Sm<SUP>3+</SUP>-activated BGBO, the charge transfer transition from O<SUP>2-</SUP> to Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> was observed at 202 nm. In addition, it exhibits bright red emission originating from the Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> <I>f</I>-<I>f</I> transitions of <SUP>4</SUP>G<SUB>5/2</SUB> → <SUP>6</SUP>H<SUB> <I>J</I> </SUB> (<I>J</I> = 5/2, 7/2 and 9/2). The O<SUP>2-</SUP>-Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> charge transfer (CT) at 249 nm is observed in the excitation spectrum for Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped BGBO. For Tb<SUP>3+</SUP>-activated BGBO, the broad bands around 208 and 230 nm are due to the spin-allowed and spin-forbidden <I>f</I>-<I>d</I> transitions of Tb<SUP>3+</SUP>, respectively. In addition, the absence of the <I>f</I>-<I>d</I> transitions of Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> and Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> in the excitation spectra probably due to the photo-ionization effect. It is demonstrated that there are energy transfers from the BGBO host lattice to the luminescent activators depending on the activators.</P> <P><B>High lights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> VUV spectroscopic properties of rare-earth ions in Ba<SUB>6</SUB>Gd<SUB>9</SUB>B<SUB>79</SUB>O<SUB>138</SUB> have been investigated. </LI> <LI> The CT bands of O<SUP>2-</SUP>-Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> and O<SUP>2-</SUP>-Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> charge transfer bands were observed at 202 and 249 nm, respectively. </LI> <LI> The <I>f</I>-<I>d</I> spin-allowed (208 nm) and spin-forbidden (230 nm) transitions of Tb<SUP>3+</SUP> were observed. </LI> <LI> Energy transfer from the host to rare-earth activators has been demonstrated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Appropriate Soil Heat Treatment Promotes Growth and Disease Suppression of Panax notoginseng by Interfering with the Bacterial Community

( Ying-bin Li ),( Zhi-ping Zhang ),( Ye Yuan ),( Hui-chuan Huang ),( Xin-yue Mei ),( Fen Du ),( Min Yang ),( Yi-xiang Liu ),( Shu-sheng Zhu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.3

In our greenhouse experiment, soil heat treatment groups (50, 80, and 121°C) significantly promoted growth and disease suppression of Panax notoginseng in consecutively cultivated soil (CCS) samples (p < 0.01), and 80°C worked better than 50°C and 121°C (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that heat treatment at 80°C changes the microbial diversity in CCS, and the inhibition ratios of culturable microorganisms, such as fungi and actinomycetes, were nearly 100%. However, the heat-tolerant bacterial community was preserved. The 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing analyses indicated that the soil heat treatment had a greater effect on the Chao1 index and Shannon’s diversity index of bacteria than fungi, and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly higher than without heating (80 and 121°C, p < 0.05). Soil probiotic bacteria, such as Bacillus (67%), Sporosarcina (9%), Paenibacillus (6%), Paenisporosarcina (6%), and Cohnella (4%), remained in the soil after the 80°C and 121°C heat treatments. Although steam increased the relative abundances of most of the heat-tolerant microbes before sowing, richness and diversity gradually recovered to the level of CCS, regardless of fungi or bacteria, after replanting. Thus, we added heat-tolerant microbes (such as Bacillus) after steaming, which reduced the relative abundance of pathogens, recruited antagonistic bacteria, and provided a long-term protective effect compared to the steaming and Bacillus alone (p < 0.05). Taken together, the current study provides novel insight into sustainable agriculture in a consecutively cultivated system.

Intense red photoluminescence and mechanoluminescence from Mn2+-activated SrZnSO with a layered structure

Zhou, Yu,Yang, Yun-Ling,Fan, Yu-Ting,Yang, Woochul,Zhang, Wei-Bin,Hu, Jian-Feng,Zhang, Zhi-Jun,Zhao, Jing-Tai The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.7 No.26

<P>A series of novel red emitting Mn<SUP>2+</SUP>-activated SrZnSO phosphors were successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction at high temperature. The photoluminescence (PL) and mechanoluminescence (ML) properties of these Mn<SUP>2+</SUP>-activated SrZnSO phosphors with different Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> concentrations were investigated. With increasing the concentration of Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> from <I>x</I> = 0 to 0.04, the unit cell volume increased from 153.82 to 154.19 Å<SUP>3</SUP> while the optical band gap decreased from 3.74 to 3.43 eV. The site occupation of Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> in the host lattice was demonstrated by Rietveld refinement, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum, and the spectroscopic properties. A broad band emission peak at 603 nm of SrZn1−xMnxSO (0.001 ≤ <I>x</I> ≤ 0.04) with an excitation wavelength of 318 nm was attributed to electronic transitions of Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> from the <SUP>4</SUP>T1(<SUP>4</SUP>G) level to the <SUP>6</SUP>A1(<SUP>6</SUP>S) level. The lifetime of SrZn1−xMnxSO (0.001 ≤ <I>x</I> ≤ 0.04) decreased monotonously from 2.97 to 0.82 ms with increasing Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration. In particular, intense emission of red light from SrZn1−xMnxSO (0.001 ≤ <I>x</I> ≤ 0.04) under compressive load could be observed even with the naked eye, indicating that SrZn1−xMnxSO could be used for stress sensors or stress imaging. There was a linear correlation between the ML intensity and external load in SrZn1−xMnxSO, and the ML intensity could be recovered under UV light irradiation. Considering its advantages of non-destruction, reproducibility, and high ML intensity, SrZn1−xMnxSO might be useful for non-destructive detection of stress.</P>