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Contact toxicity of a new acaricide, SYP-9625, to the natural predator, Chrysopa pallens
Feng Yanjiao,Zhang Lisheng,Chen Hongyin,Wang Mengqing,Liu Chenxi,Li Yuyan,Song Yuquan,Mao Jianjun 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2
SYP-9625 is a novel acaricide synthesized by using cyenopyrafen as lead compound. It is characterized by high acaricidal activity and low toxicity to mammals and has been widely used in Chinese farming areas. However, to date, the toxicity of SYP-9625 to natural enemy insects remained unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of SYP-9625 on survival, growth, metamorphosis and reproduction of a common natural predator, Chrysopa pallens. Contact toxicity bioassay revealed that SYP-9625 had no significant detrimental impacts on egg hatchability, larval survival and duration, pupation rate, pupal mass, emergence rate, digestive enzyme activity, reproductive output and offspring quality, but drastically reduced adult survival rate, adult lifespan, secondary follicle size and vitellogenin (Vg) transcripts by 27.8%, 15.4%, 33.4% and 59.4%, respectively, suggesting a low contact toxicity of SYP-9625 to C. pallens. This study will strengthen the compatibility of chemical acaricide and natural enemy insects in integrated pest management.
Xiangshi Zhen,Liyan Zhang,Meinong Shi,Li Li,Lisheng Cheng,Zhiwei Jiao,Weimin Yang,Yumei Ding 한국고분자학회 2020 Macromolecular Research Vol.28 No.3
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/nano-silica (nano-SiO2) nanocomposite film with 256 layers containing different amounts of nano-SiO2 was manufactured by a new type of micro-nano multilayer co-extrusion technology. The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of PMMA/nano-SiO2 nanocomposite films were investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and tensile test. Besides, molecular dynamics simulation was adopted to study the dispersion and content effect on mechanical properties of PMMA/nano-SiO2 nanocomposite film. It is demonstrated that the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the composites improved with increasing nano-SiO2 content from 0 to 5 wt%, which was in good agreement with the Molecular Dynamics simulation. And the nanofiller dispersion in the multilayer nanocomposite film was better than that in the single-layer film with equivalent thickness under the effect of torsion lamination. Overall, the best performance was found for the nanocomposites of PMMA with nano-SiO2 content of 3.5 wt%.
Ning, Jianguo,Wang, Jun,Tan, Yunliang,Zhang, Lisheng,Bu, Tengteng Techno-Press 2017 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.12 No.4
Preventing water seepage and inrush into mines where close multiple-seam longwall mining is practiced is a challenging issue in the coal-rich Ordos region, China. To better protect surface (or ground) water and safely extract coal from seams beneath an aquifer, it is necessary to determine the height of the mining-induced fractured zone in the overburden strata. In situ investigations were carried out in panels 20107 (seam No. $2-2^{upper}$) and 20307 (seam No. $2-2^{middle}$) in the Gaojialiang colliery, Shendong Coalfield, China. Longwall mining-induced strata movement and overburden failure were monitored in boreholes using digital panoramic imaging and a deep hole multi-position extensometer. Our results indicate that after mining of the 20107 working face, the overburden of the failure zone can be divided into seven rock groups. The first group lies above the immediate roof (12.9 m above the top of the coal seam), and falls into the gob after the mining. The strata of the second group to the fifth group form the fractured zone (12.9-102.04 m above the coal seam) and the continuous deformation zone extends from the fifth group to the ground surface. After mining Panel 20307, a gap forms between the fifth rock group and the continuous deformation zone, widening rapidly. Then, the lower portion of the continuous deformation zone cracks and collapses into the fractured zone, extending the height of the failure zone to 87.1 m. Based on field data, a statistical formula for predicting the maximum height of overburden failure induced by close multiple seam mining is presented.
Mass production and application of natural enemy insects in China
Yuyan Li,Zhongjian Shen,Jianjun Mao,Mengqing Wang,Lisheng Zhang 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10
Natural enemy insects, including predators and parasitoids, are beneficial organisms that feed upon other agricultural pests. Using natural enemy insects to suppress or prevent outbreak of pests is a key component of integrated pest management strategy. It is safe, effective, and environmentally friendly and can be applied easily to the greenhouses, filed crops and orchards. Rearing and application of natural enemy insects in biocontrol in China have a long history. As early as 1700 years ago, the predator Oecophylla smaragdina has been used for controlling many kinds of citrus pests. Up to now, more than 30 species of natural enemies that can be artificially mass produced and widely used for biological control of many kinds of pests, including caterpillars, aphids, whiteflies, thrips, leaf mites and scales in China. The annual average application area of natural enemies is over 11.34 million hectares. However, with the increasing demand of using natural enemies in biological control programs, the development of natural enemy insect industrialization still face many challenges. It is urgent to explore more effective candidate natural enemies, improve the production efficiency, increase the shelf life of products and enhance the colonization of natural enemy insects after release, and thus facilitate the commercially production and application of natural enemies. This is of great significance for comprehensively promoting the use of green prevention and control techniques for crop diseases and pests, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, ensuing the quality and safety of food and agricultural products, and ultimately promoting sustainable agricultural development.
Huo Liang-xiao,Bai Xue-ping,Che Wu-nan,Ning Su-fang,Lv Lin,Zhang Lisheng,Zhou Jin-cheng,Dong Hui 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.2
The egg parasitoid, Trichogramma spp., is an important biological control agent used against a broad range of Lepidopteran pests in agriculture and forestry. The biology of Trichogramma has been studied in details. Further studies should focus on the molecular mechanisms of Trichogramma by qualifying the expression of related genes It is critical to select appropriate reference genes for normalizing RT-qPCR results and establishing a robust method for quantifying target gene expression. This study aimed to identify and validate appropriate reference genes for use in RT-qPCR analysis of Trichogramma dendrolimi. Ten candidate housekeeping genes, namely betaactin (ACTIN), forkhead box O (FOXO), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), heat shock pro tein 90 (HSP90), ribosomal protein L10a (RPL10a), L18 (RPL18), L28 (RPL28), S13 (RPS13), S15 (RPS15), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were tested for their suitability as reference genes for developmental stage (3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th day after parasitization), tissue (head, thorax, and abdomen of adults), sex of adults (male and female), and temperature (17℃, 25℃, and 32℃). According to the GeNorm analysis, a robust analysis should involve using an appropriate combination of reference genes, namely, at least three genes for different development stages, two genes for different tissues, two genes for different sex, and two genes for different temperatures, respectively. According to the RelFinder method by the integrated results of GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and the ΔCt method, we identified the developmental stage-specific reference genes SOD, GAPDH, and ACTIN; tissue-specific reference genes RPL18 and RPS15; sex-specific reference genes RPL18 and SOD; and temperature-specific reference genes RPL18 and RPL10a. This study provides a standardized procedure for the quantification of gene expression in T. dendrolimi and will be helpful for future biological control programs using Trichogramma wasps.