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Prevalence of Insomnia at Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Purwanto Setiyo,Ahmad Mahadir,Said Zaini,Anganthi Nisa Rachmah Nur,Kusumawati Yuli,Zulaekah Siti 대한수면학회 2023 sleep medicine research Vol.14 No.2
Background and Objective Lockdown, social confinement, and the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic have increased mental health disorders and affected sleep disorders, especially insomnia. This study aims to explain the prevalence of insomnia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Surakarta, Indonesia.Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted twice in Surakarta city. The survey was conducted before the pandemic with 456 participants and during the pandemic with 1254 participants. All participants were selected using the purposive sampling method with criteria of age 15–44 years and having sleep problems. The online questionnaire of the Insomnia Severity Index Indonesian version (ISI–INA) was used to collect insomnia data. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS v25 by a descriptive test and Mann–Whitney test.Results The mean total ISI–INA scores before and during the pandemic were 13.83 and 12.54. Surveys found that the participants who suffered from subthreshold insomnia, moderate, and severe insomnia before the pandemic were 45.6%, 41.2%, and 5%, respectively, while during the pandemic 42.1%, 35%, and 3.5%, respectively. There was a difference between before and during the pandemic in the mean total ISI scores, severity of insomnia, difficulty in falling asleep and maintaining sleep, waking up too early, sleep dissatisfaction, noticeability of sleep problems by others, and interference of sleep problems with daytime activities (p < 0.05), while there was no difference in the worried about sleep problems (p > 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic is lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the prevalence of insomnia remains relatively high, so gradual and continuous intervention is needed to overcome insomnia.
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Badrut Tamam Ibnu Ali,Cininta Nareswari,Triyanda Gunawan,Nurul Widiastuti,Yuly Kusumawati,Juhana Jaafar,Hens Saputra,Dety Oktavia Sulistiono 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.127 No.-
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used polymer in packaging products, leading to the daily disposalof millions of PET bottles as waste. 1.1 to 8.8 million tonnes of plastic waste enter the sea each year. The environmental challenge of non-biodegradable PET waste can be addressed by utilizing it as a thinlayermembrane for gas separation. This study modified the PET membrane by blending it with Pebaxpolymer and adding zeolite as a filler to enhance its performance. Characterization techniques, includingFTIR, SEM, TGA, tensile strength testing, and contact angle measurements, were performed on all modifiedmembranes. The membranes were prepared using phase inversion via immersion precipitation. Theresults showed that the PET waste membrane had a denser surface pore morphology and asymmetricalcross-sectional pores than other membranes. Adding Pebax and zeolite resulted in a more regularsponge-like pore structure. The PET, PET-Pebax, and PET-Zeolite NaY-Pebax membranes exhibited hydrophilicproperties, as indicated by contact angle values ranging from 48-78. Regarding CO2/CH4 separation,the 9% PET-Pebax membrane had the highest CO2 permeability, a 21% increase from the originalPET waste membrane. Adding zeolite to the 9% PET-Pebax membrane increased CO2 permeability to1044%.
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