Chitosan Reduces Plasma Adipocytokines and Lipid Accumulation in Liver and Adipose Tissues and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Rats

Yu-Lin Hsieh,Hsien-Tsung Yao,Ron-Shan Cheng,Meng-Tsan Chiang 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.5

Chitosan is a natural product derived from chitin. To investigate the hypoglycemic and anti-obesity effects of chitosan, male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal control, diabetic, and diabetic fed 5% or 7%chitosan. Diabetes was induced in rats by injecting streptozotocin/nicotinamide. After 10 weeks of feeding, the elevated plasma glucose, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukin-6 and lower adiponetin levels caused by diabetes were effectively reversed by chitosan treatment. In addition, 7% chitosan feeding also elevated plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels and lowered the insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment) in diabetic rats. Lower adipocyte granular intensities and higher lipolysis rates in adipose tissues were noted in the 7% chitosan group. Moreover, chitosan feeding reduced hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents and increased hepatic peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor a expression in diabetic rats. Our results indicate that long-term administration of chitosan may reduce insulin resistance through suppression of lipid accumulation in liver and adipose tissues and amelioration of chronic inflammation in diabetic rats.

The Effect to Alleviate Pressure Sores by Installing Nasal Continuous Positive Airways

Huan yu Hsu,Pi chi Lin,Ming Shan Hsieh 한국간호과학회 2009 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

Linalyl acetate prevents olmesartan-induced intestinal hypermotility mediated by interference of the sympathetic inhibitory pathway in hypertensive rat

Kwon, Soonho,Hsieh, Yu Shan,Shin, You Kyoung,Kang, Purum,Seol, Geun Hee Elsevier 2018 Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Vol.102 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Olmesartan-associated enteropathy (OAE) is a life-threatening pathological condition, but its underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Although intestinal hypermotility is frequently accompanied by chronic diarrhea, there have been no studies of olmesartan-induced hypermotility. Intestinal motility should be well regulated by the enteric nervous system, but degeneration of enteric neurons has been reported in patients with chronic diarrheal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, suggesting a connection between OAE and intestinal hypermotility. In this study, interference with this inhibitory pathway was analyzed in a model of olmesartan-induced intestinal hypermotility (OIH) in rats with nicotine-induced hypertension exposed to chronic immobilizing stress. The effects of the potent inhibitory neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which act via different pathways, were assessed ex vivo, with only NE-modulated frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions found to be elevated in OIH rat jejunum. Clinical symptoms frequent in OAE, including atrophy of the intestinal epithelium and weight loss, were observed in these rats. Interestingly, olmesartan significantly elevated heart rate while lowering blood pressure in OIH rats. These abnormal conditions were prevented by adding linalyl acetate (LA), while the blood pressure-lowering effects of olmesartan were maintained. These findings suggest that olmesartan induces intestinal hypermotility by interfering with the sympathetic inhibitory pathway, and reduces epithelial cell size or body weight in hypertensive rats. As LA prevented these effects, combination treatment with olmesartan plus LA may provide better antihypertensive efficacy without inducing OAE.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Olmesartan induced intestinal hypermotility in hypertensive rats. </LI> <LI> Olmesartan induced weight loss and atrophy of intestinal epithelium in hypertensive rats. </LI> <LI> Linalyl acetate alleviated olmesartan-induced tachycardia in hypertensive rats. </LI> <LI> Linalyl acetate prevented NE-modulated intestinal hypermotility by olmesartan in hypertensive rats. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A Neuroprotective Action of Quercetin and Apigenin through Inhibiting Aggregation of Aβ and Activation of TRKB Signaling in a Cellular Experiment

Chiu Ya-Jen,Teng Yu-Shan,Chen Chiung-Mei,Sun Ying-Chieh,Hsieh-Li Hsiu Mei,Chang Kuo-Hsuan,Lee-Chen Guey-Jen 한국응용약물학회 2023 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.31 No.3

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with progressive memory loss and the cognitive decline. AD is mainly caused by abnormal accumulation of misfolded amyloid β (Aβ), which leads to neurodegeneration via a number of possible mechanisms such as down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin-related kinase B (BDNF-TRKB) signaling pathway. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a TRKB agonist, has demonstrated potential to enhance BDNF-TRKB pathway in various neurodegenerative diseases. To expand the capacity of flavones as TRKB agonists, two natural flavones quercetin and apigenin, were evaluated. With tryptophan fluorescence quenching assay, we illustrated the direct interaction between quercetin/ apigenin and TRKB extracellular domain. Employing Aβ folding reporter SH-SY5Y cells, we showed that quercetin and apigenin reduced Aβ-aggregation, oxidative stress, caspase-1 and acetylcholinesterase activities, as well as improved the neurite outgrowth. Treatments with quercetin and apigenin increased TRKB Tyr516 and Tyr817 and downstream cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB) Ser133 to activate transcription of BDNF and BCL2 apoptosis regulator (BCL2), as well as reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic BCL2 associated X protein (BAX). Knockdown of TRKB counteracted the improvement of neurite outgrowth by quercetin and apigenin. Our results demonstrate that quercetin and apigenin are to work likely as a direct agonist on TRKB for their neuroprotective action, strengthening the therapeutic potential of quercetin and apigenin in treating AD.

Evaluation of Malignancy Risk of Ampullary Tumors Detected by Endoscopy Using 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT

Chuang Pei-Ju,Wang Hsiu-Po,Tien Yu-Wen,Chin Wei-Shan,Hsieh Min-Shu,Chen Chieh-Chang,Hong Tzu-Chan,Ko Chi-Lun,Wu Yen-Wen,Cheng Mei-Fang 대한영상의학회 2024 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.25 No.3

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (2-[18F]FDG PET/CT) can aid in evaluating the risk of malignancy in ampullary tumors detected by endoscopy. Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study analyzed 155 patients (79 male, 76 female; mean age, 65.7 ± 12.7 years) receiving 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT for endoscopy-detected ampullary tumors 5–87 days (median, 7 days) after the diagnostic endoscopy between June 2007 and December 2020. The final diagnosis was made based on histopathological findings. The PET imaging parameters were compared with clinical data and endoscopic features. A model to predict the risk of malignancy, based on PET, endoscopy, and clinical findings, was generated and validated using multivariable logistic regression analysis and an additional bootstrapping method. The final model was compared with standard endoscopy for the diagnosis of ampullary cancer using the DeLong test. Results: The mean tumor size was 17.1 ± 7.7 mm. Sixty-four (41.3%) tumors were benign, and 91 (58.7%) were malignant. Univariable analysis found that ampullary neoplasms with a blood-pool corrected peak standardized uptake value in earlyphase scan (SUVe) ≥ 1.7 were more likely to be malignant (odds ratio [OR], 16.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.13–36.18; P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified the presence of jaundice (adjusted OR [aOR], 4.89; 95% CI, 1.80–13.33; P = 0.002), malignant traits in endoscopy (aOR, 6.80; 95% CI, 2.41–19.20; P < 0.001), SUVe ≥ 1.7 in PET (aOR, 5.43; 95% CI, 2.00–14.72; P < 0.001), and PET-detected nodal disease (aOR, 5.03; 95% CI, 1.16–21.86; P = 0.041) as independent predictors of malignancy. The model combining these four factors predicted ampullary cancers better than endoscopic diagnosis alone (area under the curve [AUC] and 95% CI: 0.925 [0.874–0.956] vs. 0.815 [0.732–0.873], P < 0.001). The model demonstrated an AUC of 0.921 (95% CI, 0.816–0.967) in candidates for endoscopic papillectomy. Conclusion: Adding 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT to endoscopy can improve the diagnosis of ampullary cancer and may help refine therapeutic decision-making, particularly when contemplating endoscopic papillectomy.

Preventive effect of Lavandula angustifolia Mill oil on muscle wasting in a rheumatoid arthritis rat model of chronic nicotine exposure

Eunhye Seo,You Kyoung Shin,Yu Shan Hsieh,Geun Hee Seol 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Aim: Comparing students’ sense of coherence before and after they experience Basic Nursing Practices 1 and 2. Method: Subjects: A total of 210 university students from A University in Japan, consisting of 106 first-year students who experienced Basic Nursing Practice 1 in March and 104 second-year students who experienced Basic Nursing Practice 2 in February. Survey period: From January to February 2021 Survey contents: The Japanese version of SOC-13 (Yamazaki, 2009) to determine sense of coherence(Antonovsky, 1987/2001) was conducted before and after practical training. Survey method: Self-administered questionnaires that link pre- and post-training through signs. Analysis: Conducted descriptive statistics, t-test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test using SPSS (Ver. 27). Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the researcher"s affiliation (No. 488). Results: 139 (66.2%) responses were deemed valid as they could show connectivity before and after these courses. Sense of coherence was compared by totaling the inclusive sums of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness before and after the training. The inclusive sums and total of manageability were recognized as normality so that we could analyze them using the t-test. The results revealed that both exhibited significant differences before and after the practical training at P=0.000. The total of comprehensibility and meaningfulness were not recognized as normality, so we conducted the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed significant difference for both of them at P = 0.000. Discussion: Compared to the pre-training sense of coherence score, the post-training scores were higher. The practical training led students to be self-aware of improvement in their ability to cope with stress. Conclusion: Stress coping ability can be increased through practical training.