Complete ¹H-NMR and <SUP>13</SUP>C-NMR spectral assignment of five malonyl ginsenosides from the fresh flower buds of Panax ginseng

Yu-Shuai Wang,Yin-Ping Jin,Wei Gao,Sheng-Yuan Xiao,Yu-Wei Zhang,Pei-He Zheng,Jia Wang,Jun-Xia Liu,Cheng-He Sun,Ying-Ping Wang 고려인삼학회 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.3

Background: Ginsenosides are the major effective ingredients responsible for the pharmacological effects of ginseng. Malonyl ginsenosides are natural ginsenosides that contain a malonyl group attached to a glucose unit of the corresponding neutral ginsenosides. Methods: Medium-pressure liquid chromatography and semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate purified compounds and their structures determined by extensive one-dimensional- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Results: A new saponin, namely malonyl-ginsenoside Re, was isolated from the fresh flower buds of Panax ginseng, along with malonyl-ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd. Some assignments for previously published ¹H- and <SUP>13</SUP>C-NMR spectra were found to be inaccurate. Conclusion: This study reports the complete NMR assignment of malonyl-ginsenoside Re, Rb₁, Rb₂, Rc, and Rd for the first time.

DPT (Data Process Tracking) Analysis of Biopharmaceutical Companies Based on fsQCA Method of ESG System: Aiming at Improving the ESG System MES-DPT & GMP-DPT and the ESG Quantitative Indicators of the Biopharmaceutical Industry

Gao Yu,Wang Lingyan,Qin Bingbing 한중경제문화학회 2023 한중경제문화연구 Vol.24 No.-

In recent years, safety recalls have occurred frequently in the biopharmaceutical industry, which affects the health of consumers. This article attempts to use the fsQCA method to draw a conclusion through the study of ESG and its quantification system, as well as the study of data samples related to MES and GMP processes, that is, MES-DPT has a positive impact on process safety management, and GMP-DPT has a positive impact on process safety. Management has a positive and positive impact, and ESG-DPT has a positive and positive impact on process safety management. Finally, this article puts forward suggestions for improving ESG-DPT, MES-DPT, GMP-DPT and the biomedical ESG-DPT model. Future research hopes to further study ESG -DPT model and ESG biomedical industry indicators.

Detection of Powdery Mildew of Bitter Gourd Based on NIR/Fluorescence Spectra

Gao Jia Yu,Wei Dong Zheng,Wang Xiang,Tang Jin Cheng,Xu Ji Tong,Zhao Ping,Ning Xiao Feng 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.3

Purpose Powdery mildew as one of the common vegetable diseases has very rapid infection. Its outbreak will bring about disastrous consequences to vegetable output; thus, it is of key importance to do rapid identifi cation and prevention of powdery mildew. Methods In this test, 100 bitter gourd leaves were collected as research samples, and the data of near-infrared spectra, fl uorescence spectra, and chromatic values L*a*b* , and the classic K-S algorithm was adopted to divide the sample sets; then, the quantitative forecasting and qualitative discrimination models were established. First, Pearson’s correlation analysis was carried out to fi nd the feasibility of taking a * as the modeling parameter, through cross-validation; the quantitative forecasting model was optimized by the PLSR (partial least squares regression) method. The model is also optimized by extracting the spectral feature bands using the continuous projection SPA method. Results The optimization results showed that the MSC + SPA + PLSR quantitative forecasting model of near-infrared spectra could eff ectively improve model precision, which was signifi cantly higher than that of fl uorescence spectra. Classifi cation Leaner was used to establish the quantitative forecasting model. Compared with the model of near-infrared spectra, the SPA + SVM qualitative discrimination model of fl uorescence spectra could improve the identifi cation precision of powdery mildew of bitter gourd as high as 98% through training. Conclusion This study proposed diff erent combination methods based on quantitative forecasting and qualitative discrimination and could provide a method and reference to the identifi cation of powdery mildew of bitter gourd.

Regularity for Very Weak Solutions of A-Harmonic Equation with Weight

Gao, Hong-Ya,Zhang, Yu,Chu, Yu-Ming Department of Mathematics 2009 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.49 No.2

This paper deals with very weak solutions of the A-harmonic equation $divA(x,{\nabla}u)$ = 0 (*) with the operator $A:{\Omega}{\times}R^n{\rightarrow}R^n$ satisfies some coercivity and controllable growth conditions with Muckenhoupt weight. By using the Hodge decomposition with weight, a regularity property is proved: There exists an integrable exponent $r_1=r_1({\lambda},n,p)$ < p, such that every very weak solution $u{\in}W_{loc}^{1,r}({\Omega},{\omega})$ with $r_1$ < r < p belongs to $W_{loc}^{1,p}({\Omega},{\omega})$. That is, u is a weak solution to (*) in the usual sense.

Host Range of Cryphonectria parasitica in Korea

Yu-Liang Gao,Byungkwan Kim,Byeongjin Cha 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2016 農業科學硏究 Vol.32 No.2

Cryphonectria parasitica, the pathogen of chestnut blight, was isolated from stem cankers on chestnut trees and it’s host range was investigated on 25 species of various woody plants. Tested trees were inoculated with mycelial plug of C. parasitica through wound on the bark. Among the trees, Quercus aliena, Q. dentata, Q. mongolica, and Q. serrata developed brown discoloration on inner surface of the bark and were determined as new host trees for C. parasitica. Besides the Quercus species, linden tree and white mulberry were infected with the pathogen at less severity and regarded as the reservoir hosts of C. parasitica. When linden tree and white mulberry was inoculated with the isolate bW111, the pathogen could be isolated again, but showed a little difference in colony morphology, vegetative compatibility, and dsRNA size. Re-isolated C. parasitica also showed difference in pathogenicity in the inoculation test and caused the lesions larger than that of bW111 on the stem of chestnut trees. Several new host trees and pathogenicity variation of C. parasitica were reported. It should be taken into account in the analyses of chestnut blight epidemiology and/or developing biological control strategy

The Effects of Continuous Cabbage Cropping on Soil Microbial Communities Structure

Yu Gao,Guanghui Xu 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

The Effect of Managerial Overconfidence on Firm Value

Gao Yu(고우),Kim, Neung-sup(김능섭),Han, Kil-Seok(한길석) 한국경영교육학회 2018 한국경영교육학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

Rapamycin Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor β1-Induced Fibrogenesis in Primary Human Lung Fibroblasts

Yu Gao,Xuefeng Xu,Yan Liang,Dianhua Jiang,Huaping Dai 연세대학교의과대학 2013 Yonsei medical journal Vol.54 No.2

Purpose: The present study was designed to determine whether rapamycin could inhibit transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibrogenesis in primary lung fibroblasts, and whether the effect of inhibition would occur through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream p70S6K pathway. Materials and Methods: Primary normal human lung fibroblasts were obtained from histological normal lung tissue of 3 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Growth arrested, synchronized fibroblasts were treated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) and different concentrations of rapamycin (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/mL) for 24 h. We assessed m-TOR, p-mTOR, S6K1, p-S6K1 by Western blot analysis, detected type III collagen and fibronectin secreting by ELISA assay, and determined type III collagen and fibronectin mRNA levels by real-time PCR assay. Results: Rapamycin significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced type III collagen and fibronectin levels, as well as type III collagen and fibronectin mRNA levels. Furthermore, we also found that TGF-β1-induced mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation were significantly down-regulated by rapamycin. The mTOR/p70S6K pathway was activated through the TGF-β1-mediated fibrogenic response in primary human lung fibroblasts. Conclusion: These results indicate that rapamycin effectively suppresses TGF-β1-induced type III collagen and fibronectin levels in primary human lung fibroblasts partly through the mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Rapamycin has a potential value in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

The Influence of Managerial Overconfidence on Earnings Management

Gao, Yu(고우),Han, Kil-Seok(한길석) 한국경영교육학회 2018 경영교육연구 Vol.33 No.3

[연구목적] 본 연구의 목적은 2009년부터 2017년까지 코스피 시장과 코스닥 시장에 상장된 기업을 대상으로 경영자의 과신성향이 이익조정에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하였다. [연구방법] 본 연구에서 경영자 과신은 자산 성장률을 종속변수로 하고 매출액성장율을 독립변수로 하여 산업-연도별 회귀분석을 수행한 후 잔차를 추출하여 측정하였다. 또한 이익조정측정치는 수정된 Jones모형과 Kothari모형과 Roychowdhury모형과 Cohen모형을 활용하여 각각 추출하였다. 이를 토대로 경영자 과신과 이익조정과의 관계를 분석하였다. [연구결과] 실증분석 결과는 경영자 과신성향이 이익조정에 유의적인 관계를 보이고 있어 경영자 과신성향이 이익조정에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구의 분석결과에서 경영자가 과신성향을 갖는 경우 경영자의 이익조정이 높다는 것을 보임으로써 경영자의 성향은 이익조정에 관한 의사결정에 있어 고려해야 할 요소로 나타났다. 본 연구는 최근 행동경제에 관한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있으나 회계분야의 연구에서는 아직 초기 단계라 할 수 있는 경영자의 비합리적 행동인 경영자 과신과 이익조정과의 관계를 분석하였다는 점에 의의가 있다. [Purpose] The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of managerial overconfidence on earnings management. [Methodology] We use a measure of managerial overconfidence from investment level-based measure. We measure earnings management four ways including the modified Jones model (Dechow et al., 1995), performance matched discretionary accrual model (Kothrai et al., 2005), Roychowdury model (Roychowdury, 2006) and Cohen model (Cohen et al., 2008). We employ OLS model to test the association between managerial overconfidence and earnings management. [Findings] We find that managerial overconfidence significantly and positively influence accrual earnings management and real earnings management respectively. [Implications] While there are many researches on earnings management motivation we employ behavioral finance research and explore earnings management from the irrational behavior dimension unlike the prior literature.

The Wedding Dress in Ancient China

Gao Han-Yu,Kim Young-Ran 한복문화학회 2002 한복문화학회 국제학술지 Vol.1 No.-