A Simple and Cost-effective Design for Simultaneous Transmission of Point-to-point and Broadcast Services in WDM-PON

Ahmed Muddassir Khan,Zhang Jie,Yousaf Khan,Muhammad Idrees,Yongli Zhao,Shahab Niazi,Aftab Husein,Abid Munir,Ishtiaq Ahmed,Junyan Liu 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.6 No.3

Proliposome powder or tablets for generating inhalable liposomes using a medical nebulizer

Khan Iftikhar,Yousaf Sakib,Najlah Mohammad,Ahmed Waqar,Elhissi Abdelbary 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.1

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop and compare proliposome powder and proliposome tablet formulations for drug delivery from a Pari-LC Sprint nebulizer. Methods Proliposome powders were prepared by the slurry method and sorbitol or mannitol carbohydrate carrier were used in a 1:10 and 1:15 w/w lipid phase to carrier ratio. Beclometasone dipropionate (BDP; 2 mol%) was incorporated in the lipid phase. Proliposome powders were compressed into tablets, and liposomes were generated from proliposome powders or tablets within the nebulizer reservoir for subsequent aerosolization. Results Comparatively, shorter sputtering times were reported for the tablet formulations (≈ < 2.7±0.45 min), indicating uniform aerosolization. Post-nebulization, liposomes size was larger in the nebulizer reservoir in the range of 7.79±0.48 μm–9.73±1.53 μm for both powder and tablet formulations as compared to freshly prepared liposomes (5.38±0.73 μm–5.85±0.86 μm), suggesting liposome aggregation/fusion in the nebulizer’s reservoir. All formulations exhibited more than 80% mass output regardless of formulation type, but greater BDP proportions (circa 50%) were delivered to the Two-stage Impinger when tablet formulations were used. Moreover, the nebulized droplet median size and size distribution were lower for all tablet formulations in comparison to the powder formulations. Proliposome tablet and powdered formulations demonstrated the ability to generate vesicles that sustained the release of BDP. Conclusion Overall, this study showed that proliposome tablets could be disintegrated within a Pari-LC Sprint nebulizer to generate inhalable aerosol, with high drug output and hence can be manufactured on large scale to overcome the storage problems associated with powder formulations.

Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Prostate Cancer Risk in the Pakistani Population

Yousaf, Nageen,Afzal, Sibtain,Hayat, Tehreem,Shah, Jasmin,Ahmad, Nafees,Abbasi, Rashda,Ramzan, Khushnooda,Jan, Rasul,Khan, Imran,Ahmed, Jawad,Siraj, Sami Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been a subject of extensive pharmacogenetic research recently. Association studies between different types of cancers including prostate cancer (PCa) and VDR gene polymorphism have also been conducted. The objective of this study was to find possible associations between PCa and VDR gene polymorphisms in the Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: A total of 162 subjects, including prostate cancer patients and controls, were genotyped for Apa I, Taq I and Fok I polymorphisms in the VDR gene using allele specific PCR, PCR-RFLP and direct DNA sequencing. Allelic frequencies were tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and associations between the genetic markers and PCa were calculated using logistic regression. Results: Apa I CC genotype was found to have strongest association with PCa risk, and "A" genotype was found to have protective effect. Fok I and Taq I did not have appreciable levels of association with PCa, although Taq I "TC" heterozygotes seemed to have some protective effect. Similarly the "C" allele of Fok I also seemed to have protective effect. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report showing association between VDR gene polymorphisms and PCa in Pakistan. Our findings may be somewhat skewed because of small sample size and tendency of consanguineous marriages in Pakistani society; nevertheless, it shows the trend of association and protective effects of certain VDR gene polymorphisms against PCa.

New Mg0.5CoxZn0.5xFe2O4 nano-ferrites: Structural elucidation and electromagnetic behavior evaluation

Maria Yousaf Lodhi,Khalid Mahmood,Azhar Mahmood,Huma Malik,Muhammad Farooq Warsi,Imran Shakir,M. Asghar,Muhammad Azhar Khan 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.5

In this work cobalt substituted magnesium zinc nanocrystalline spinel ferrites having general formula Mg0.5CoxZn0.5xFe2O4 where x ¼ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 were synthesized using micro-emulsion technique. The Co substituted samples annealed at 700 C and characterized by various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dielectric measurements and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD analysis confirmed single phase spinel structure and the crystalline size calculated by Scherrer’s formula found to be in 21.38e45.5 nm range. The lattice constant decreases as substitution of Co is increased. The decrease in lattice constant is attributed to the smaller ionic radius of cobalt as compared to zinc ion. The FTIR spectra reveled two prominent frequency bands in the wave number range 400e600 cm1 which confirm the cubic spinel structure and completion of chemical reaction. The dielectric parameters were observed to decrease with the increased Co contents. The peaking behavior was observed beyond 1.8 GHz. The frequency dependent dielectric properties of all these nanomaterials have been explained qualitatively in accordance with Koop’s phenomenological theory. Magnetic studies revealed that the coercivity (Hc) attains maximum value of 818 Oe at w21 nm. The increasing trend of magnetic parameters (coercivity and retentivity) is consistent with crystallinity. The crystallite size is small enough to attain considerable signal to noise ratio in high density recording media. The optimized magnetic parameters suggest that the material with composition Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 may have potential applications in high density recording media.

EMG Based Control of Transhumeral Prosthesis Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Neelum Yousaf Sattar,Zareena Kausar,Syed Ali Usama,Umer Farooq,Umar Shahbaz Khan 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.10

This research presents work on control of a prosthetic arm using surface electromyography (sEMG) signals acquired from triceps and biceps of fifteen healthy and four amputated subjects. Myo armband was used to acquire sEMG signals corresponding to four different arm motions: elbow extension, elbow flexion, wrist pronation, and wrist supination. Ten time-domain features were extracted and considered for classification to recognize thefour-arm motions. These features and their various combinations were used to train four different classifiers, in both offline and real-time settings. It was found that the combination of signal mean and waveform length as a feature and k-nearest neighbors as classifier performed significantly better (p < 0.05) than all other combinations in both offline and real-time settings. The offline accuracies of 95.8% and 68.1% and real-time accuracies of 91.9% and 60.1% were obtained for healthy and amputated subjects, respectively. Results obtained using the presented scheme successfully demonstrate that using suitable features and classifier, classification accuracies can be significantly improved for transhumeral prosthesis, thereby, providing better, wearable and non-invasive control of prostheses using sEMG signals.

INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE SIZE ON DENSITY, ULTRASONIC VELOCITY AND VISCOSITY OF MAGNETITE NANOFLUIDS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

AMMAR BIN YOUSAF,Muhammad Imran,MAJID KHAN,Muhammad Usman,MUHAMMAD ASGHAR JAMAL 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.8

The infuence of particle size on density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity of magnetite nanofuids have been determined at (298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K). Two diferent sized nanoparticles (commercially procured D=20–30 nm and synthesized D=9± 3 nm in the laboratory by co-precipitation method) were dispersed in a citric acid base fuid. The desired parameters have been experimentally determined by loading diferent concentrations of nanoparticles. It has been found that the infuence of particle size and temperature on measured physical parameters (density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity) is not negligible and can also be taken into account in any practical application. The analyzed physical parameters can describe qualitatively and quantitatively the particle size distribution of nanofuids at a specifc temperature. Results are interpreted in terms of particle–particle and particle–fuid interactions.

Combined application of biochar, compost, and bacterial consortia with Italian ryegrass enhanced phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil

Hussain, Fida,Hussain, Imran,Khan, Aqib Hassan Ali,Muhammad, Yousaf Shad,Iqbal, Mazhar,Soja, Gerhard,Reichenauer, Thomas Gerhard,Zeshan, Thomas Gerhard,Yousaf, Sohail Elsevier 2018 Environmental and experimental botany Vol.153 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Petroleum hydrocarbons are extensively utilized in petrochemical industries and cause soil deterioration during exploration, transportation, refining and making petroleum products. We hypothesized that the combined use of compost, biochar and bacterial consortia as soil amendments may enhance the rhizoremediation potential of ryegrass by strengthening the plant rhizospheric effect for efficient total petroleum hydrocarbon removal. The present study focused on phytoremediation of hydrocarbons in spiked contaminated soil amended with biochar (5% v/v), and compost (5% v/v). Spiked soil was inoculated with consortia of four hydrocarbon degrading bacterial strains (<I>Pseudomonas poae, Actinobacter bouvetii, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila</I> and <I>Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae</I>). The spiked soil was prepared by spiking agricultural soil with 3.4% (w/w) of crude oil. Italian ryegrass (60 seeds pot<SUP>−1</SUP>) were sown and plants were harvested after 75 days.</P> <P>The highest hydrocarbon removal (85%) was observed in spiked soil amended with compost, biochar and consortia. Bacterial inoculation with biochar and compost showed significantly higher hydrocarbon degradation as compared to all other treatments. Highest TPHs degrading bacteria (5.74 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> cells g<SUP>−1</SUP> of soil) were observed in rhizosphere of spiked soil amended with compost, biochar and consortia. The organic amendments improved plant growth and bacterial count in rhizosphere which resulted in higher removal of hydrocarbons. We concluded that plant-microbe interactions together with the organic soil amendments offer an emerging trend for remediation of hydrocarbons. Rhizoremediation is a green solution to overcome the quandary of total petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in soil.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biochar and compost amendment enhanced rhizosphere effect. </LI> <LI> TPHs Rhizoremediation is improved by bacterial consortia and organic amendments. </LI> <LI> The organic amendments improved plant growth and bacterial count in rhizosphere. </LI> <LI> Compost is a rich source of bacteria in the rhizosphere. </LI> </UL> </P>

Magnetic Characteristics of Biological Fluid in Nonlinear Thermally Radiated Blood Flow

Bilal Ahmed,Sami Ullah Khan,M. Ijaz Khan,Soumaya Gouadria,Abdul H. Hamid,Mehreen Yousaf,M. Y. Malik 한국자기학회 2022 Journal of Magnetics Vol.27 No.1

The numerical solution of the flow non-Newtonian fluid induced by stretching sheet in the region of oblique stagnation point flow under inducement of externally applied uniform magnetic field orthogonal to the flow is presented. The analysis is made under the assumption of boundary layer which arrives to the system of partial differential equations which are then transformed to ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformations. The numerical solution of the modeled system of equation is obtained by parallel shooting technique and presented for different variations of involved parameters. It is noted that enhancement in magnetic field results in decrease in horizontal velocity and boundary layer becomes thinner. The obtained results are compared with the available results in the literature and found in excellent agreement in the limiting cases.

Study of electroless template synthesized ZnSe nanowires and its characterization

Kumar, Sunil,Kang, T. W.,Khan, P. Yousaf,Kumar, Sanjeev,Goyal, Manju,Choubey, Ravi Kant Springer-Verlag 2014 Journal of materials science Materials in electron Vol.25 No.2

RPSMDSM: Residential Power Scheduling and Modelling for Demand Side Management

( Sheeraz Ahmed ),( Ali Raza ),( Shahryar Shafique ),( Mukhtar Ahmad ),( M. Yousaf Ali Khan ),( Asif Nawaz ),( Rohi Tariq ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.6

In third world countries like Pakistan, the production of electricity has been quickly reduced in past years due to rely on the fossil fuel. According to a survey conducted in 2017, the overall electrical energy capacity was 22,797MW, since the electrical grids have gone too old, therefore the efficiency of grids, goes down to nearly 17000MW. Significant addition of fossil fuel, hydro and nuclear is 64.2%, 29% and 5.8% respectively in the total electricity production in Pakistan. In 2018, the demand crossed 20,223MW, compared to peak generation of 15,400 to 15,700MW as by the Ministry of Water and Power. Country faces a deficit of almost 4000MW to 5000MW for the duration of 2019 hot summer term. Focus on one aspect considering Demand Side Management (DSM) cannot oversea the reduction of gap between power demand and customer supply, which eventually leads to the issue of load shedding. Hence, a scheduling scheme is proposed in this paper called RPSMDSM that is based on selection of those appliances that need to be only Turned-On, on priority during peak hours consuming minimum energy. The Home Energy Management (HEM) system is integrated between consumer and utility and bidirectional flow is presented in the scheme. During peak hours of electricity, the RPSMDSM is capable to persuade less power consumption and accomplish productivity in load management. Simulations show that RPSMDSM scheme helps in scheduling the electricity loads from peak price to off-peak price hours. As a result, minimization in electricity cost as well as (Peak-to-Average Ratio) PAR are accomplished with sensible waiting time.