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Youngwoo Kim,Jonghyun Cho,Kyungjun Cho,Junyong Park,Subin Kim,Dong-Hyun Kim,Gapyeol Park,Sitaraman, Srikrishna,Raj, Pulugurtha Markondeya,Tummala, Rao R.,Joungho Kim IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and ma Vol.7 No.9
<P>In this paper, we propose glass-interposer (GI) electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure with defected ground plane (DGP) for efficient and broadband suppression of power/ground noise coupling. We designed, fabricated, measured, and analyzed a GI-EBG structure with DGP for the first time. The proposed GI-EBG structure with DGP is thoroughly analyzed using the dispersion characteristics and estimated stopband edges, f(L) and f(U). We experimentally verified that the proposed GI-EBG structure with DGP achieved power/ground noise isolation bandgap (below -30 dB) between f(L) of 5.7 GHz and f(U) of 11 GHz. Estimation of f(L) and f(U) using dispersion analysis, full 3-D electromagnetic (EM) simulation results, and measurement results achieved good correlation. Effectiveness of the proposed GI-EBG structure with DGP on suppression of the power/ground noise coupling to high-speed through glass via (TGV) channel is verified with 3-D EM simulation. As a result, the proposed EBG structure successfully and efficiently suppressed the power/ground noise coupling and improved the eye diagram of the TGV channel. Lastly, we embedded thin alumina film in the proposed EBG structure and achieved even broader power/ground noise suppression between 2.1 and 14.7 GHz.</P>
Population Interaction between Sitophilus zeamais and Its Parasitoid, Anisopteromalus calandrae
Youngwoo Nam,Key-Il Shin,Kijong Cho,Mun Il Ryoo 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04
Population dynamics of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, and their parasitoids Anisopteromalus calandrae were examined while considering the spatio-temporal interactions using population modelling as a tool. The modelling of two species host-parasitoid systems identified the some factors concerning the long-term dynamics of interacting populations. In the single host system, the total density of S. zeamais increased exponentially and reached a saturated, asymptotic level with time. This stabilization in the density could be explained by the spatio-temporal dynamics among the patches. S. zeamais disperses continuously from patches of high density to those of low density. This density-dependent dispersal could be one of the mechanisms for stabilizing the S. zeamais population density. In the S. zeamais-A. calandrae system, both populations showed long-term coexistence. The long term coexistence could be attributed to spatio-temporal interactions of S. zeamais and A. calandrae resulted from dispersal of host and a non-random searching behavior of the parasitoid. Because such spatio-temporal variation in population dynamics, the overall host-parasitoid system may have been in a stable state, although the local population system in each patch was unstable.
Cho Youngwoo,Cho Saeyoull 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.9
There are four types of hemocytes in the stag beetle hemolymph: granulocytes, prohemocytes, coagulocytes, and spherulocytes. Unusually, the size and shape of the hemocyte subtypes are similar. To identify the predominant immune hemocytes, we injected carboxylate-modified polystyrene latex beads and E. coli particles into the hemocoel of stag beetles. In response to the pathogens, only granulocytes underwent morphological changes, including the extension of fan (or amoeba)-like structures from their membrane, and had bacterial particles in their cytoplasm. At 6 h post-injection, lysosomes in the cytoplasm of the granulocytes were activated to remove the pathogens. At 12 h post-injection, more lysosomes were activated along with phagocytosis of the E. coli particles. At 24 h to 48 h post-injection, the bacterial particles, including activated lysosomes, were gradually cleared from the cytoplasm. To confirm these results, we performed flow cytometry analysis. Consistent with our microscope observations, the granulocytes were activated after 6 h post-infection, and lysosomes were mostly activated at 12 h. These results suggest that bacteria are actively engulfed between 6 and 12 h post-infection by granulocytes. Granulocyte lysosomes were activated within 12 h to digest the bacteria, which were completely cleared by 48 h post-infection.
Youngwoo Cho,Siyoung Lee,Jiyeon Park,Seungahn Kwon,Girim Park,김회택,박영훈 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.3
Dwarfi sm in crops is a useful breeding trait. In this study, we aimed to identify a candidate gene controlling semi-dwarfi smin watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) using a combination of genetic mapping and quantitative trait loci (QTL)-seq. We evaluatedphenotypes using an F 2 and F 2:3 population derived from a cross between a “Bush Sugar Baby” (BSB, semi-dwarftype) and a PCL-J1 (normal type) cultivar. Results indicated that a single recessive gene confers semi-dwarfi sm in BSB. Weconstructed a genetic map using 180 F 2 plants and 336 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), detected using genotypingby-sequencing, and mapped the semi-dwarfi sm locus, sdw-1 , between the SNP markers linked by 9.6 cM (0.99 Mb) on Chr. 9. QTL analysis pointed to the same genomic location for sdw-1 using single-marker analysis. Further, based on the QTL-seq,we identifi ed a signifi cant genomic region for sdw-1 that matched with the sdw-1- fl anking region in the genetic linkage map. This 1-Mb region was narrowed down by mapping three SNP markers developed from the QTL-seq data. The sdw-1 locuswas mapped to the 0.44-Mb genomic region, which harbored 13 genes. One of the 13 genes, ClCG09G018320 (ATP-bindingcassette (ABC) transporter B family member 19), showed the SNPs in its coding sequence, and cleaved amplifi ed APSmarkers developed from those SNPs co-segregated with sdw-1 in fi ne mapping using 620 F 2 plants. Our results implied thata frameshift mutation in the ABC transporter gene and the resulting alteration in auxin transportation are the most likely tobe responsible for semi-dwarfi sm in BSB.
In-vivo measurements of the dielectric properties of breast carcinoma xenografted on nude mice
Cho, Jeiwon,Yoon, Jeonghoon,Cho, Sungjoon,Kwon, Kihyun,Lim, Sungkyu,Kim, Daeduk,Lee, Eun Sook,Kim, Chul Hwan,Choi, Jin Wook,Cheon, Changyul,Kwon, Youngwoo Alan R. Liss, Inc 2006 International journal of cancer Vol.119 No.3
<P>A developing method of cancer detection is to use electromagnetic waves to compare the dielectric properties of normal and cancerous tissue. Because most of the previous studies consisted of dielectric measurements taken ex-vivo, this study investigated the advantages of in-vivo measurements, obtained using the newly developed insertion-type planar probe, through the measurements of cancer (MDA MB 231), which was cultivated and implanted into the mammary fat pad of nude mice. Reflection coefficients were obtained in the broadband frequency range from 0.5 to 30 GHz, from which broadband complex permittivity data was extracted. Complex permittivity, in addition to other parameters such as conductivity and characteristic frequency, were used to make comparisons between cancerous tissue, normal muscle tissue and fat tissue, as well as comparisons between in-vivo and ex-vivo measurements. This study investigated the suitability of in-vivo cancer detection using microwaves with the newly developed insertion-type planar probe. Results showed that both sensitivity and specificity of the current method was 97%. In addition, predictive values were 99% for the positive and 94% for the negative, thus greatly enhancing the practicality of this method. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that in-vivo measurements are highly beneficial in studying the potential of microwaves as a diagnostic tool of breast cancer, especially in combination with the newly developed insertion-type planar probe. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Two Different KIT Mutations May Lead to Different Responses to Imatinib in a Metastatic GIST
( Sungshim Cho ),( Eunjung Yim ),( Ho Jung An ),( Uiju Cho ),( Youngwoo Kim ),( Seung Hoon Kim ),( Yeon-geun Choi ),( Byoung Yong Shim ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors originating from the GI tract, and frequently carry activating mutation in KIT exon11, 9 or platelet-derived growth factor A. The presence of specific mutation is clinically important because it can predict response and prognosis to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A 74-year old male visited our hospital with dyspnea and general weakness. CT scan showed a large mass from a stomach with multiple lung nodules and a hepatic mass. On duodenoscopy, a 4 × 4 cm sized fungating mass was found on lesser curvature of stomach, and histologic analysis confirmed a CD117 positive malignant GIST. KIT mutation analysis revealed exon 11 deletion/insertion involving codons 557 and 558. The patient started imatinib 400 mg/day. One month later, CT scan revealedthat stomach lesion was slightly decreased. However size and number of metastatic nodules of lung and liver were increased and new multiple bone metastases which confirmed metastatic GIST with CD117 positivity, but showed exon 10 Met541Leu mutation were developed. Despite of dose escalation of imatinib (800 mg/day) and palliative radiotherapy, he died. Considering very short time to progression, we think exon 10 mutation of KIT might be related to primary resistance and poor prognosis. When multiple tumors show different responses to imatinib in metastatic GIST, distinct genetic mutations could be one of possible causes for primary resistance. Genetic studies of multiple metastatic sites could be considered for further treatment.
Kim, Youngwoo,Cho, Jonghyun,Kim, Jonghoon J.,Cho, Kyungjun,Kim, Subin,Sitaraman, Srikrishna,Sundaram, Venky,Raj, Pulugurtha Markondeya,Tummala, Rao R.,Kim, Joungho [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility Vol.59 No.3
<P>In this paper, we propose glass interposer electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure to efficiently suppress power/ground noise coupling. We designed, fabricated, measured, and analyzed a glass interposer EBG structure for the first time. Glass interposer EBG structure test vehicles were fabricated using a thin-glass substrate, low-loss polymer layers, and periodic metal patches with through glass vias (TGVs) in glass interposer power distribution network. Using the dispersion characteristics, we thoroughly analyzed and derived f(L) and f(U) of the glass interposer EBG structure. We experimentally verified that the proposed glass interposer EBG structure achieved power/ground noise suppression (below -40 dB) between f(L) of 5.8 GHz and f(U) of 9.6 GHz. Derived f(L) and f(U) based on dispersion analysis, full three-dimensional electromagnetic (3-D-EM) simulation and measurement achieved good correlation. In the glass interposer EBG structure, tapered structure of the TGV and thickness of the low-loss polymer used for metal-layers lamination affected the noise suppression bandgap significantly. The effectiveness of the proposed glass interposer EBG structure on suppression of the power/ground noise propagation and coupling to high-speed TGV channel was verified with 3-D-EM simulation. As a result, the proposed glass interposer EBG structure successfully and efficiently suppressed the power/ground noise propagation and improved eye-diagram of the high-speed TGV channel.</P>