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朝鮮前期의 祖上祭祀 - 이이(李珥)의 『제의초(祭儀抄)』를 중심으로 -
윤영기(Yoon, Younggi) 아시아강원민속학회 2019 아시아강원민속 Vol.32 No.-
「제의초(祭儀抄)는 이이(李珥)가 「격몽요결(擊蒙要訣)」 제7장 〈제례장(祭禮章)〉을 보충하여 썼으며, 그 내용은 사당도(祠堂之圖) · 정침시제도(正寢時祭之圖)·매위설찬도(每位設饌之圖)·출입의(出入儀)·참례의(參禮儀)·천헌의(薦獻儀)·고사의(告事儀)·시제의(時祭儀)·기제의(忌祭儀)·묘제의(墓祭儀)·상복중행시제의(喪服中行時祭儀)이다. 이는 제사를 준비하고 진행하는 과정을 자세하게 설명한 점에서 조상제사 교본서라 할 수 있으며, 임진왜란(壬辰倭亂) 이전 조선시대 전기(前期)의 제사 형태를 알 수 있는 중요한 자료이다. 사당도·정침시제도·매위설찬도는 석 점의 그림으로 신위(神位)와 후손의 서립(序立) 위치, 제기(祭器)의 진열 자리와 함께 제물의 상차림을 나타내고 있다. 출입의·참례의·천헌의·고사의는 「격몽요결」 제례장의 ‘신알례(晨謁禮)’와 함께 사당에서 행하는 의례이며 시제의·기제의·묘제의는 장소와 관계없이 선대(先代)에게 올리는 제사로 준비하는 과정과 절차를 중요시 한다. 제사 준비는 산재(散齋)와 치재(致齋)를 하고, 제기와 제찬(祭饌)을 진설하였으며, 복장은 관직이 있고 없음에 따라 다르다. 제사 절차는 참신(參神)·강신(降神)·진찬(進饌)·초헌(初獻)·아헌(亞獻)·종헌(終獻)·유식(侑食)·합문(闔門)·수조(受胙)·사신(辭神)·납독(納櫝)·철제찬(撤祭饌)·준(餕)의 순서로, 대상과 장소에 따라 가감된다. 고려 말 이후 기준이 되었던 『주자가례(朱子家禮)』는 송 대(宋代)의 의례이며 「제의초」는 조선시대의 의례를 적었다. 조선시대의 제사는 의례라기보다 생활의 일부분으로, 본래의 의미는 먼저 살아계신 부모에게 효도를 하고 사후에는 다하지 못한 공경을 표현하는 데 있다. 집안의 자녀들은 선대에게 올리는 제사를 통하여 웃어른에게 행하는 가장 극진한 행동을 자연스럽게 익혔다. Jeuicho(祭儀抄) written by Yulgok Yi I, is a supplement of Chapter 7 Jeryaejang(祭禮章) of 「Gyeokmongyogyeol(擊蒙要訣)」, comprising Sadangdo(祠堂之圖) and ten (10) elements : Jeongchimsijedo(正寢時祭之圖), Maewiseolchando (每位設饌之圖), Choolibui(出入儀), Chamryeui(參禮儀), Cheonheonui(薦獻儀), Gosaui(告事儀), Sijeui(時祭儀), Gijeui(忌祭儀), Myojeuj(墓祭儀), and Sangbokjunghaengshijeui(喪服中行時祭儀). In the context of explaining the procedures related to the preparation and practice of Jesa (ancestral rite), with proper attention to details, Jeuicho may be deemed as the text book of ancestral rites, and a significant publication the provides insights on the Jesa during the early Joseon Dyanasty. Furthermore, it assists its readers to comprehend the procedures by annexing three schematic drawings of Sadangdo, Jeongchimshijedo, and Maewiseolchando that illustrates the position of the shrines and descendants, display of ritual dishes and what do be served. Choolibui, Chamryaeui, Cheonheonui, and Gosaui, together with Shinalryae(晨謁禮) are held at shrines, which are the same with the daily proprieties to elders. After death, the deceased is not isolated with reality, and is honored and served in a shrine as an elder of the household until his/her serving generation comes to date. Sijeui, Gijeui and Myojeui are ancestral rites held regardless to the venue. These emphasize on the preparation and procedural aspect of Jesa. Preparation is distinguished to three major steps: the first step of Sanjae(散齋) and Chijae(致齋), the second step of setting Jegi(祭器), Sacrificial utensils) and Jaechan(祭饌, ritual foods), and the costumes for ancestor worship are different according to the official positions. In the Korean culture, ancestral rites is a part of daily life, rather than a ritual, whereas people serve their parents when living, and pay their respect after death. The children of a family naturally learn the practice to respect elders through ancestral rites.
Younggy Shin,Jung-A Seo,Yoon Pyo Lee 대한설비공학회 2009 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.17 No.4
A dynamic model to simulate LNG reliquefaction process has been developed. The model was applied to two candidate cycles for LNG reliquefaction process, which are Reverse Brayton and Claude cycles. The simulation was intended to simulate the pilot plant under construction for operation of the two cycles and evaluate their feasibility. According to the simulation results, both satisfy control requirements for safe operation of brazed aluminum plate-fin type heat exchangers. In view of energy consumption, the Reverse Brayton cycle is more efficient than the Claude cycle. The latter has an expansion valve in addition to the common facilities sharing with the Reverse Brayton cycle. The expansion valve is a main cause to the efficiency loss. It generates a significant amount of entropy associated with its throttling and increases circulation flow rates of the refrigerant and power consumption caused by its leaking resulting in lowered pressure ratio. It is concluded that the Reverse Brayton cycle is more efficient and simpler in control and construction than the Claude cycle.
Reverse Brayton 사이클과 Claude 사이클 기반 LNG 재액화 공정의 동특성 운전성능 비교
신영기(Younggy Shin),서정아(Jung-A Seo),이윤표(Yoon Pyo Lee) 대한설비공학회 2008 설비공학 논문집 Vol.20 No.12
A dynamic model to simulate LNG reliquefaction process has been developed. The model was applied to two candidate cycles for LNG reliquefaction process, which are Reverse Brayton and Claude cycles. The simulation was intended to simulate the pilot plant under construction for operation of the two cycles and evaluate their feasibility. According to the simulation results, both satisfy control requirements for safe operation of brazed aluminum plate-fin type heat exchangers. In view of energy consumption, the Reverse Brayton cycle is more efficient than the Claude cycle. The latter has an expansion valve in addition to the common facilities sharing with the Reverse Brayton cycle. The expansion valve is a main cause to the efficiency loss. It generates a significant amount of entropy associated with its throttling and increases circulation flow rates of the refrigerant and power consumption caused by its leaking resulting in lowered pressure ratio. It is concluded that the Reverse Brayton cycle is more efficient and simpler in control and construction than the Claude cycle.
생활폐기물 소각시설 발전효율 및 온실가스 감축량 산정 연구
배지수(Jisu Bae),윤영삼(Youngsam Yoon),권은혜(Eunhye Kwon),전태완(Taewan Jeon),이영기(Younggi Lee) 한국신재생에너지학회 2018 신재생에너지 Vol.14 No.3
One of the concepts of energy recovery, waste energy has attracted attention as a technology that contributes considerably to the replacement of fossil fuels which are becoming depleted and to the dissemination of renewable energy for Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC). In this study, the long-term operation data of domestic municipal solids waste (MSW) incineration facilities were evaluated for the steam power generation efficiency when applying the elemental technologies. In addition, the energy savings and GHG reductions were calculated by the power generation efficiency increment. In terms of enhancing the capability of waste heat recovery, the power generation efficiency was examined based on the assumption that the low calorific power of 2,000~3,000 kcal/kg, 5,000~7,000 ㎥/ton exhaust gas, boiler outlet temperature of 190~300℃ and the combustion air ratio of 1.0~2.0. When applying elemental technologies to the incineration procedure, the power generation efficiencies were 0.74~0.85%. Energy savings per ton of MSW were estimated to be 79.2 MWh/ton in low temperature economizer (LTE) and 68.8 MWh/ton in low air ratio combustion (LARC). The estimated GHG reductions were 206,072 ton-CO₂/yr in LTE and 178,892 ton-CO₂/yr in LARC. This is expected to reduce operation costs by 4,328 million and 3,757 million KRW by conversion to economic benefits.