디지털 치료제 현황분석과 디지털 작업치료 발전을 위한 함의

김영근 ( Kim¸ Young-geun ) 대한인지재활학회 2021 대한인지재활학회지 Vol.10 No.2

서론: 본 연구는 디지털 치료제가 도래한 사회에 작업치료의 선제적 대응을 위한 정책 방향 결정을 위한 정보를 제공하기 위함이다. 연구의 목적은 첫째, 디지털 치료제의 목적, 중재 원리, 대상군을 제시하고, 둘째, 디지털 치료제와 작업치료의 관련성을 분석하며, 셋째, 디지털 작업치료의 발전을 위한 작업치료사의 역할을 제안하고자 한다. 본론: 디지털 치료제는 고품질의 소프트웨어로 환자의 질병과 장애를 예방하고 치료하며 관리하는 것이 목적으로 작업치료의 중재접근방법과 유사하다. 디지털 치료제의 중재 원리는 인지행동치료, 신경 재활, 복약관리 및 조정, 습관훈련으로 작업치료 이론의 틀과 관련 있다. 디지털 치료제 대상 환자 역시 정신사회 질환자와 신경계 질환 등 작업치료 주요 환자군과 유사하다. 작업치료 현장에서 사용하고 있는 디지털 치료제인 전산화 인지재활 시스템은 인공지능, 빅데이터, 클라우드 등의 디지털 기술과 융합하여 발전시킬 필요가 있다. 결론: 디지털 치료제는 21세기 미래 보건·의료산업을 이끌고 갈 새로운 패러다임이다. 작업치료는 변화를 수용하고 능동적인 태도로 대응하는 것이 변화하는 시대에 생존과 더불어 선도적으로 발전할 수 있다고 생각한다. 디지털 치료제 시대와 더불어 디지털 작업치료의 시대를 준비하는 것이 현명한 정책적 방향이라 판단한다. Introduction: This study is to provide information to determine the policy direction for a preemptive action to occupational therapy in a society where digital therapeutics has arrived. The purpose of the study is firstly to present the purpose, intervention principle, and target group of digital therapeutics, second, to analyze the relationship between digital therapeutics and occupational therapy, and third, to suggest the role of occupational therapists for the development of digital occupational therapy. Body: Digital therapeutics are high-quality software, similar to the interventional approach of occupational therapy, with the goal of preventing, treating, and managing patients’ diseases and disorders. The intervention principle of digital therapeutics is cognitive behavioral therapy, neurorehabilitation, medication management and adjustment, and habit training, which are related to the framework of occupational therapy frames of reference. The patients subject to digital therapeutics are also similar to the main patient groups of occupational therapy such as psychosocial disorders and neurological diseases. The computerassisted cognitive rehabilitation system, which is a digital therapeutics used in occupational therapy sites, needs to be developed by fusion with digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud. Conclusion: Digital therapeutics is a new paradigm that will lead the future health and medical industry in the 21st century. Occupational therapy believes that accepting change and responding with an active attitude can lead to development along with survival in a changing era. It is judged that it is a wise policy direction to prepare for the era of digital occupational therapy along with the era of digital therapeutics.

5~6세기 전북 동부지역의 가야제국과 대산성 전투

송영근 ( Song¸ Young-geun ) 부경역사연구소 2021 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.49

본 논문에서는 5~6세기 전북 동부지역 加耶諸國의 실체에 대해 규명해보고, 이 지역의 가야계 小國과 백제, 고구려의 이해관계를 중심으로 『日本書紀』에 기록된 대산성 전투를 분석해보았다. 그간의 연구에서는 섬진강이 가진 대외교통로로서의 중요성을 전제로 가라국 또는 백제의 영역 확장과 결부하여 기문-대사 쟁탈전을 이해하는 경우가 많았다. 그러나 일련의 과정을 채록한『日本書紀』는 당시 전라 동부지역에 三己汶(上己汶·中己汶·下己汶), 任那四縣(上哆唎·下哆唎·娑陀·牟婁)과 같은 가야계 소국이 여전히 존재하였으며, 그들 스스로 백제에 대항하거나 협력하는 등 자체적 존립을 위한 방안들을 모색했었음을 전하고 있다. 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 5~6세기경 전라 동부지역에서 재지 문화를 영유하며 지리적 이점을 바탕으로 한반도 남부의 여러 나라와 문물을 교류하던 이들은 기문하(섬진강)를 중심으로 세력을 구축하여, 지금의 장수군에는 하기문, 남원시에는 상기문과 같은 가야계 소국을 형성하였다. 이 무렵 백제 동성왕은 고구려의 파상 공세로부터 국가를 보전하기 위해 신라를 적극적으로 지원하는 한편, 전북지역으로 영향력을 강화하여 한강유역 상실로 인해 줄어든 농경지와 인구를 회복하고자 했다. 이러한 정책이 소정의 성과를 거두면서 486년에 이르러서는 신라와 함께 大閱을 통해 되찾은 국력을 과시하였는데, 이는 한반도 남부의 군사적 긴장감을 한층 고조되게 만들었다. 백제의 위 같은 행보는 전북지역 영향력 확대로 위기감을 느끼던 장수지역의 하기문과 고착된 남부 전선에서 돌파구를 찾던 고구려 두 국가가 상호협력 관계를 맺는 결과를 가져왔으며, 이들은 공모를 통해 백제의 위협에 대항하고자 하였다. 이후 하기문이 이림으로 이어지는 백제의 군량 수송로를 차단하면서 대산성 전투가 발발하자 고구려는 백제를 공격해 이림에서 백제 장군 적막이해를 살해했다. 배후에서의 예기치 못한 공격에 큰 위협을 느낀 백제는 즉각 군사적 보복을 통해 대산성을 공파하고 주동자 나기타갑배를 위시한 삼백여 명을 처단하였다. 가야제국에 대한 백제의 강경책은 무령왕대까지 이어지며 상기문까지 진출하는 결과를 가져왔다. 이는 백제가 다시금 비옥한 곡창지대를 확보하는 한편, 자연 경계인 섬진강을 바탕으로 후방을 안정시킴과 동시에 고토 회복을 위한 고구려와의 전면전을 치를 준비가 끝났음을 의미했다. 결과적으로 487년 일어난 대산성 전투는 백제의 전라 동부지역 가야제국에 대한 계기적인 외교 변화를 가져오게 된 사건이자 전북 동부지역 가야계 소국의 자체적 존립을 위한 企圖가 실패하였음을 살펴볼 수 있는 사건이라고 할 수 있다. On this research, examine the Gaya Kingdoms(加耶諸國) in eastern region of Jeonbuk in the 5~6th century and analyzing the article about Daesanseong(帶山城) Battle, written on 『Nihon Shoki(日本書紀)』 focusing on the interests of small states(小國) which is related to Gaya Kingdoms, Baekje(百濟) and Goguryeo(高句麗). On the previous studies, it was regarded that importance of Sumjingang as external traffic route or who owning the Gimuns(己汶)-Daesa(滯沙) in order to broaden Garaguk(加羅國)’s or Baekje’s territory. However, according to 『Nihon Shoki(日本書紀)』, there were Three-Gimuns(三己文); Sang-gimun[上己汶]· Jung-gimun[中己汶]·Ha-gimun[下己汶], and Imnasahyun(任那四縣); Sang-dari[上哆唎]·Ha-dari[下哆唎]·Sata[娑陀]·Moru[牟婁], which were marginal states to Gaya kingdoms and found ways to survive themselves either resist or allying with Baekje. Be summed up as follows; During 5~6th centuries, those who had a local culture in the Jeolla’s eastern region and exchanged culture with various countries in the southern part of Korean Peninsula based on their geographical advantage built their power around Gimun-ha(Sumjingang) and formed small states of Gaya. Which are Ha-gimun in Jansu-gun and Sang-gimun in Namwon-si. King Dongseong committed reinforcements to Shilla to conserve his kingdom during Goguryeo’s massive attack. Meanwhile, advanced into Jeonbuk region to restored farmland and their population since the loss of Han River basin. This led to regaining their power through Dae-yeol(大閱); which were check by King directly, along with Shilla in 486 and raised the military tension over western side of Korean Peninsula. Due to the expansion of Baekje’s influence in the north region of Jeolla, Ha-gimun in Jangsu, which sensed crisis, and Goguryeo struggling to find a breakthrough in the fixed southern front. They had cohesive interests through Baekje. In order to eliminate their threat to Baekje, Ha-gimun cut off provision transportation route to Illim(爾林) of Baekje which lead to outbreak of Dasanseong Battle in 487. During the battle, Goguryeo attacked Bakjae and killed general Jeokmakihae at Illim. Baekje felt menace, since the unexpected attack and get revenge immediately. This event leads to change of their perspective in Gaya kingdoms of Jeolla’s eastern region. The efforts for the existence of Ha-gimun were in vain as Baekje had demolished Daesanseong and approximately 300 people including Nigita-gabbae were killed. Baekje’s tough strategy was maintained until the reign of King Muryeong, resulting Baekje’s advance into Sang-gimun of Namwon. Which were regained their homeland and stabilized the rear side based on Sumjingang; natural boundary. This situation implied that preparation for a war against Goguryeo were complete. As a result, the Daesanseong Battle in 487 brought out an instrumental diplomatic change to the Gaya Kingdom of eastern Jeonbuk and the failure of plan, the Gaya-based small states in eastern Jeonbuk to survive themselves.

인지기능 기반 사용성 평가 항목개발 연구

김영근 ( Kim¸ Young-geun ) 대한인지재활학회 2020 대한인지재활학회지 Vol.9 No.2

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 효과적인 사용성 평가를 위하여 인지 중심의 사용성 평가 핵심지표를 도출하고 인지기능 기반 사용성 평가 항목을 개발하기 위함이다. 연구방법: 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 인간 인지특성, 사용성 원리, 사용성 평가 관련 최근 문헌을 탐색하고 분석·종합하였다. 1단계에서는 8가지 영역(인지기능, 지각기능, Norman의 설계원리, 유니버설 디자인원리, 시스템 유저빌리티척도, Nielson의 사용성 차원, 사용성 평가 임상 연구, 수행 측정 데이터)으로 범주를 나누어 문헌을 조사하였다. 2단계에서는 조사한 문헌에서 사용성 핵심요소를 추출하였으며, 3단계에서는 인지차원의 사용성 평가 핵심 키워드를 도출하였다. 핵심 키워드를 다시 분석하여 인지기능 중심의 사용성 평가 핵심지표를 만들고, 전문가의 타당성 검증을 통해 평가항목을 선정하였다. 결과: 선행연구를 분석한 결과 5가지 인간 중심의 사용성 원리를 선정하였고, 인간의 정보처리관련 핵심 요소를 추출한 후에 이를 근거로 인지차원의 사용성평가 핵심지표 43개를 추출하였다. 그런 다음 전문가 그룹을 통하여 지표에 대한 내용타당성을 조사한 후 40개의 인지기능기반 사용성 평가 항목을 개발하였다. 결론: 본 연구는 기존 사용성 평가 수행영역에 인지영역을 확장하였으며, 다양한 제품에 보편적으로 적용할 수 있는 인지기능 기반 사용성 평가 항목을 개발한 것에 의미가 있다. 휴리스틱 사용성 평가와 인지적 시찰 평가를 실행가능하게 하는 평가도구를 만드는데 도움이 될 것이다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to derive cognitive-centered usability testing key indicators for effective usability evaluation and to develop cognitive function-based usability evaluation items. Research Method: In order to achieve the purpose of the study, recent literature related to human cognitive characteristics, usability principles, and usability evaluation was searched, analyzed, and synthesized. In the first stage, the literature was categorized into eight areas (cognitive function, perceptual function, Norman’s design principle, universal design principle, system usability scale, Nielson’s usability dimension, usability testing clinical study, and performance measurement data) and investigated the literature. In the second step, the core elements of usability were extracted from the researched literature, and in the third step, the core key words for the cognitive-level usability evaluation were derived. Core key words were analyzed again to create core indicators centered on cognitive function, and evaluation items were selected through validation of experts. Results: As a result of analyzing previous studies, five human-centered usability principles were selected, and after extracting key elements related to human information processing, 43 key indicators for cognitive usability testing were extracted. Then, by examining the content validity through an expert group, 40 cognitive function-based usability testing items were developed. Conclusion: The results of this study are meaningful that the usability testing has been extended to the cognitive domain, and the cognitive function-based usability testing items that can be universally applied to various products have been developed.

Flame retardant behavior of diammonium phosphate in the presence of potassium nitrate

Younggeun Kim(Younggeun Kim),Kyungok Kwon(Kyungok Kwon) 한국화재소방학회 2022 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.춘계

Various studies have been reported the use of flame retardants for treating cellulose that can aid in the development of novel flame retardants to protect cellulose-based products. The development of eco-friendly flame retardants with high contents of Phosphate(P), Potassium(K) and Nitrile(N) at the molecular level has also been reported. Potassium nitrate(KNO3) is also one of main materials in fire extinguishing systems to generate solid aerosol as an extinguishant. The condensed aerosol fire extinguisher produced the fire extinguishing aerosol which extinguished the fire efficiently through the endothermic reaction of Potassium(K) compounds, thus terminating chain reactions catch Hydrogen(H) and hydroxy(OH) radicals. The enhanced retardant effect of PN addition to Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) for cellulose might be due to the generation of potassium extinguishing agents which undergo an endothermic reaction with N2 and H2O, t hus catching radicals of H a nd OH. Experiments were carried out by using a Mettler Toledo DSC1 thermal analyzer. All experiments were conducted under N2 atmosphere and scan rates of (5~50 K min-1). The reproducibility of DSC results was < 2 % for all experiments. The activation energy of this process was calculated using the Kissinger Method, which is one of the most popular approaches for determining kinetic parameters through thermal analysis. The Kissinger Equation employed herein is as follows: ln(q/T2p) = -Ea/R(1/Tp) + ln(RA/Ea) The results reveals that the retardant capability of DAP in the presence of PN was studied by using cellulose as fuel. Our results depict that there is an optimum ratio of PN to DAP to achieve high retardancy for cellulose. The extinction time of flame and char residue is reduced due to synergic effects between DAP and PN. Our results demonstrated that DAP added with a small concentration of PN could decrease the activation energy and increase the dehydration of cellulose.

Analysis of User Satisfaction for Hard Key Locations on Smartphones

Younggeun Choi(최영근),Seunghoon Lee(이승훈),Dohoon Kwon(권도훈),Boyoung Park(박보영),Heecheon You(유희천) 대한인간공학회 2019 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

Improvement of the initial seating comfort for luxury sedan

Younggeun Oh,Sunwoong Kim,Yong Gu Ji 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

Objective: The aim of this study is the realization of customer-centered design in vehicle seat design by analysis of the customer’s dissatisfaction and needs for luxury sedan seat and (potential) consumer’s participation on seat evaluation. Background: The volume of automotive industry is increased by year, and customer’s needs for high level of quality and comfort are regarded as one of essential factors that could be satisfied. For these reasons, a study of seat comfort is inevitable for development of better comfortable seat. Method: Totally, 3 seats, one of production seat and 2 of improved seat for initial seating comfort, were prepared for this study. Load deflection and hardness distribution test were performed to define their mechanical properties. Interview and subjective evaluation were conducted with 32 (potential) volunteered customers (age: 20-60, similar distributions for height and weight compare to SizeKorea) from expected population for short-term comfort evaluation. Two hours driving session was carried with 6 (4 Males and 2 Females) experts to evaluate long-term discomfort. Results: Most of the results were shown that the statistical significant differences (p<0.05) among those seats. Also, the effect of newly developed plus pad was proved by test and evaluations (p<0.05), especially for the seat back. The major factors that affect passengers’ discomfort were defined by interview and subjective evaluation. Conclusion: The effect of newly developed plus pad was verified from this study. The factors that mainly affect to initial seating comfort were founded. Application: This may be a one of good case study with real customer in population. Newly developed pad may apply to luxury sedan of Hyundai Motor group.

MAEPER: Matching Access and Error Patterns With Error-Free Resource for Low Vcc L1 Cache

Younggeun Choi,Sungjoo Yoo,Sunggu Lee,Jung Ho Ahn,Kangmin Lee IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on very large scale integration Vol.21 No.6

<P>Large SRAMs are the practical bottleneck to achieve a low supply voltage, because they suffer from process variation-induced bit errors at a low supply voltage. In this paper, we present an error-resilient cache architecture that resolves the drawback of previous approaches, i.e., the performance degradation at a low supply voltage which is caused by cache misses in accesses to faulty resources. We utilize cache access locality and error-free resources in a cost-effective manner. First, we classify cache lines into fully and partially accessed groups and apply appropriate methods to each group. For the partially accessed group, we propose a method of matching memory access behavior and error locations with intra-cache line word-level remapping. In order to reduce the area overhead used to store the cache access information history, we present an access pattern-learning line-fill buffer (LFB). For the fully accessed group, we propose the utilization of error-free assist functions in the cache, i.e., a LFB and victim cache with no process variation-induced error at the target minimum supply voltage. We also present an error-aware prefetch method that allows us to utilize the error-free victim cache to achieve a further reduction in cache misses due to faulty resources. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives an average 32.6% reduction in cycles per instruction at an error rate of 0.2% with a small area overhead of 8.2%.</P>

A Systematic Literature Review of Hand Tracking Techniques for Analysis of Grip Posture for Portable Product Design

Younggeun Choi(최영근),Dohoon Kwon(권도훈),Minjae Kim(김민재),Younggi Hong(홍영기),Jinwon Kim(김진원),Hyunjoong Kim(김현중),Heecheon You(유희천) 대한인간공학회 2019 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

An efficient methodology for evaluating the nozzle performance of water-based automatic fire extinguishers

Younggeun Kim,권경옥 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.7

The performance of automatic fire extinguishers (AFE) was tested using a novel nozzle distribution test in relation to a point of visual approach. The visual nozzle distribution data was obtained from the mapping of the amount of the collected fire extinguishing agent to each position and the gradient was given in accordance with the visually collected amount. The results showed that the effective discharge time was determined by the nozzle structure and its size. The visual nozzle distribution test (VNDT) provided relevant information regarding the performance efficiency of AFE, including the nozzle coverage area, the effective amount of the fire extinguishing agent and the distribution uniformity of fire extinguishing agents, and calculations for the proper amount of a fire extinguishing agent to extinguish a fire. Consequently, the results indicate the VNDT is an excellent method for analyzing the performance efficiency of AFE.

Development of an Ultrasonic Doppler Sensor-Based Swallowing Monitoring and Assessment System

Younggeun Choi(최영근),Minjae Kim(김민재),Baekhee Lee(이백희),Xiaopeng Yang,Jinwon Kim(김진원),Dohoon Kwon(권도훈),Sang-Eok Lee(이상억),HyangHee Kim(김향희),Seok In Nam(남석인),Saewon Hong(홍세원),Giltae Yang(양길태),Duk L. Na(나덕렬 대한인간공학회 2020 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.10