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崔永鎭 仁川敎育大學校 1963 論文集 Vol.1 No.-
One of the characteristics of Korean agriculture which differs from that of European countries that is the nomadic stage is almost hegligible in its development. Accordingly it would be appropriate to say that ,the livestock farming, without having over-all correlation with agriculture, could only continue its existence partially through a particular social class and in a limited area, in a particular area. Even cattle-breeding which considering the agricultural characteristics of the Korean cropping system, should have shown remarkable traces of developments as the leading sector of livestock farming, has been nothing qut a supplementary factor of agricultural labour. All the more, the lack of efforts for the improvement of feeding methods and veterinary resulted in the diminution of the number of cattles in the past days. The fact that cattle was protected not as "cattle of farmers" but as "priviledged cattle" which was only lent to those farmers constitutes the very important historical background that explains why the speed of development is still so slow in livestock farming today. The steed which was flourishing from the Koryo Dynasty to the early days of the Dynasty was necessitated by military purposes. The pasture for those horses, however, mostly disappeared along with the fading away of those feeding horses. This, of course, was due to the fact that the steed could hardly be diverted to agricultural purposes, being unfit for the paddy-field cultivation. (Korean agriculture has been characterized as "paddy-field" as a result of the process of its development.) Accordingly, the grassland farming which has more or less the touch of the western European type, could not find any opportunity of taking roots in Korea. This is one of the important factors which caused the Korean livestock farming to stay in backward stage even until today. Other livestock was fed only for special purposes in royal palaces, and excluded from the objects of agricultural encouragement policy. In short, the general characteristics of the historical background of the livestock farming are backwardness and agricultural practices which have kept the livestock farming out of the components of full scale agricultural structure until even today.
법랑모세포종과 치성각화낭의 방사선학적 진단의 정확도 및 판독자간과 판독자내 일치
이 진,박인우,이영호,최순철 大韓口腔顎顔面放射線學會 1996 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.26 No.2
Six observers with different amount of experience in the field of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology interpreted the radiographs of 13 cases of ameloblastoma and 8 cases of odontogenic keratocyct which were confirmed histopathologically and showed pseudo-multilocular appearance and scalloped border radiographically. The authors examined the accuracy of radiologic diagnoses, interobserver agrement and intraobserver agreement. The obtained results were as follow; 1. The accuracy of radiologic diagnosis ranged from 0.48 to 0.81. The average value was 0.61. 2. The accuracy of radiologic diagnosis for ameloblastoma (0.55) was lower than that for odontogenic keratocyst(0.70) (p<0.05). 3. The overall agreement among the 6 observers was 14.3% at the first interpretation and 19.0% at the second interpretation. 4. The intraobserver agreement of each observer expressed in kappa index ranged from-0.14 to 0.64. The overall intraobserver agreement was 0.29. 5. The intraobserver agreement of each observer for ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst ranged from -0.07 to 0.65 and from-0.25 to 1.00, respectively. The overall intraobserver agreement for ameloblatoma and odontogenic keratocyst were 0.27 and 0.26, respectively. 6. The diagnostic accuracy highly correlated to the intraobserver agreement(r=0.6370).
Choi, Jean,Hyun, Youbong,Kang, Min-Jeong,In Yun, Hye,Yun, Jae-Young,Lister, Clare,Dean, Caroline,Amasino, Richard M.,Noh, Bosl,Noh, Yoo-Sun,Choi, Yeonhee Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 The Plant journal Vol.57 No.5
<P>Summary</P><P>The epigenetic regulation of the floral repressor <I>FLOWERING LOCUS C</I> (<I>FLC</I>) is one of the critical factors that determine flowering time in <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>. Although many <I>FLC</I> regulators, and their effects on <I>FLC</I> chromatin, have been extensively studied, the epigenetic resetting of <I>FLC</I> has not yet been thoroughly characterized. Here, we investigate the <I>FLC</I> expression during gametogenesis and embryogenesis using <I>FLC::GUS</I> transgenic plants and RNA analysis. Regardless of the epigenetic state in adult plants, <I>FLC</I> expression disappeared in gametophytes. Subsequently, <I>FLC</I> expression was reactivated after fertilization in embryos, but not in the endosperm. Both parental alleles contributed equally to the expression of <I>FLC</I> in embryos. Surprisingly, the reactivation of <I>FLC</I> in early embryos was independent of FRIGIDA (FRI) and SUPPRESSOR OF FRIGIDA 4 (SUF4) activities. Instead, <I>FRI</I>, <I>SUF4</I> and autonomous-pathway genes determined the level of <I>FLC</I> expression only in late embryogenesis. Many <I>FLC</I> regulators exhibited expression patterns similar to that of <I>FLC</I>, indicating potential roles in <I>FLC</I> reprogramming. An <I>FVE</I> mutation caused ectopic expression of <I>FLC</I> in the endosperm. A mutation in <I>PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING 1</I> caused defects in <I>FLC</I> reactivation in early embryogenesis, and maintenance of full <I>FLC</I> expression in late embryogenesis. We also show that the polycomb group complex components, Fertilization-Independent endosperm and MEDEA, which mediate epigenetic regulation in seeds, are not relevant for <I>FLC</I> reprogramming. Based on our results, we propose that <I>FLC</I> reprogramming is composed of three phases: (i) repression in gametogenesis, (ii) reactivation in early embryogenesis and (iii) maintenance in late embryogenesis.</P>
Choi Min Joo,Choi Won Suk,Seong Hye,최준용,Kim Jong-Hyun,Kim Yae-Jean,Cho Eun Young,김동현,Park Hyesook,Lee Heeyoung,Kim Nam Joong,Song Joon Young,Cheong Hee Jin,Kim Sang Il,Peck Kyong Ran 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.23
Background: This study presents a framework for determining the allocation and distribution of the limited amount of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: After analyzing the pandemic strategies of the major organizations and countries and with a literature review conducted by a core panel, a modified Delphi survey was administered to 13 experts in the fields of vaccination, infectious disease, and public health in the Republic of Korea. The following topics were discussed: 1) identifying the objectives of the vaccination strategy, 2) identifying allocation criteria, and 3) establishing a step-by-step vaccination framework and prioritization strategy based on the allocation criteria. Two rounds of surveys were conducted for each topic, with a structured questionnaire provided via e-mail in the first round. After analyzing the responses, a meeting with the experts was held to obtain consensus on how to prioritize the population groups. Results: The first objective of the vaccination strategy was maintenance of the integrity of the healthcare system and critical infrastructure, followed by reduction of morbidity and mortality and reduction of community transmission. In the initial phase, older adult residents in care homes, high-risk health and social care workers, and personal support workers who work in direct contact with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients would be prioritized. Expansion of vaccine supply would allow immunization of older adults not included in phase 1, followed by healthcare workers not previously included and individuals with comorbidities. Further widespread vaccine supply would ensure availability to the extended adult age groups (50–64 years old), critical workers outside the health sector, residents who cannot socially distance, and, eventually, the remaining populations. Conclusion: This survey provides the much needed insight into the decision-making process for vaccine allocation at the national level. However, flexibility in adapting to strategies will be essential, as new information is constantly emerging.
Recommendation for use of the newly introduced pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccines in Korea
Choi, Eun-Hwa,Kim, Kyung-Hyo,Kim, Yae-Jean,Kim, Jong-Hyun,Park, Su-Eun,Lee, Hoan-Jong,Eun, Byung-Wook,Jo, Dae-Sun,Choi, Kyong-Min,Hong, Young-Jin The Korean Pediatric Society 2011 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.54 No.4
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of invasive infections including bacteremia and meningitis, as well as mucosal infections such as otitis media and pneumonia among children and adults. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed for use among infants and young children in many countries including Korea. The routine use of PCV7 has resulted in a decreased incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) by the vaccine serotypes among the vaccinees and substantial declines in IPD among unvaccinated populations such as older children and adults as well. In addition, there are increasing evidences to suggest that routine immunization with PCV7 is changing the epidemiology of pneumococcal diseases such as serotype distribution of IPD, nasopharyngeal colonization, and antibiotic resistance patterns. In contrast, there is an increase in the number of IPDs caused by nonvaccine serotypes, though it is much smaller than overall declines of vaccine serotype diseases. Several vaccines containing additional serotypes have been developed and tested clinically in order to expand the range of serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Recently two new pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccines, 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), have been approved for use in several countries including Korea. This report summarizes the recommendations approved by the Committee on Infectious Diseases, the Korean Pediatric Society.
Recommendation for the use of newly introduced Tdap vaccine in Korea
Choi, Kyong-Min,Kim, Kyung-Hyo,Kim, Yae-Jean,Kim, Jong-Hyun,Park, Su-Eun,Lee, Hoan-Jong,Eun, Byung-Wook,Jo, Dae-Sun,Choi, Eun-Hwa,Hong, Young-Jin The Korean Pediatric Society 2011 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.54 No.4
Pertussis is an acute respiratory infection characterized by paroxysmal cough and inspiratory whoop for over 2 weeks. The incidence of pertussis has decreased markedly after the introduction of DTwP/DTaP vaccine, but the incidence of pertussis has increased steadily among young infant and among adolescents and adults in many countries. Td vaccine was used in this age group but the increase in pertussis has lead to the development of a Tdap vaccine. The Tdap vaccine is a Td vaccine with a pertussis vaccine added and is thought to decrease the incidence and transmission of pertussis in the respective age group. In Korea, two products are approved by the KOREA FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION, which are ADACEL$^{TM}$ (Sanofi-Pasteur, Totonto, Ontario, Canada) and BOOSTRIX$^{(R)}$ (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) for those aged between 11-64. This report summarizes the recommendations approved by the Committee on Infectious Diseases, the Korean Pediatric Society.