디지털상품의 국제거래 유형과 분쟁 해결방안

심상렬,정윤세 韓國仲裁學會 2007 중재연구 Vol.17 No.3

Digital goods are defined as intangible and non-physical goods, composed of a combination of digital signals, electronically represented as 0 and 1. They are also called as digital products, electronic transmissions, information goods, digital contents, computer information, etc. Digital goods are now traded both domestically and internationally as well as on-line and off-line. Korean government revised the Basic Law on Foreign Trade to include digital goods and services as the scope of foreign trade in 2001. Trade volume of digital goods are increasing in Korea. The supply chains of digital goods from producing the components to selling globally to consumers are different from conventional physical goods. Mostly, digital goods are traded on the license basis rather than ownership contract. End User License Agreements(EULAs), such as shrink-wrap, click- wrap, or browser-wrap licenses are very popular in online transactions. Unlike conventional physical goods, the breach of license contract is closely linked with the infringement of intellectual property rights. Digitalized intellectual property is easy to copy and transmit in the cyber space. In cases of legal disputes from the breach of license contract, commercial arbitration or on-line alternative dispute resolutions(ADRs) are regarded as better approach to solve them rather than court sues. For promoting more secure and reliable international trade of digital goods. arbitration clauses should be included in most of license contracts.

Exploration of the dimensionality of Iran’s trade show performance and application of R-IPA

Yoon-say Jeong(정윤세) 한국무역학회 2020 貿易學會誌 Vol.45 No.4

서비스 품질과 블록체인 특성이 우리나라 수출기업의 uTradeHub 이용의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

정윤세(Yoon-Say JEONG) 한국무역상무학회 2023 貿易商務硏究 Vol.98 No.-

인터넷 기반의 국가전자무역서비스인 uTradeHub는 2008년부터 본격 상용화되어 연간 6조원 이상의 무역 비용을 절감시키는 국내 유일의 전자 무역플랫폼으로 자리매김해왔다. 2021년부터 블록체인, 빅데이터, AI 기술과 같은 제4차 산업혁명 혁신기술을 접목하여 더욱 향상된 서비스를 제공하고 있으나, 아직도 기업들의 e-Nego, e-B/L과 같은 서비스 이용은 활발하지 못한 상황이다. 본 연구는 우리나라 수출기업들의 uTradeHub의 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 서비스 품질(신뢰성, 공감성, 확신성, 대응성, 유형성)의 관점에서 분석하였다. 이에 더해 제4차 산업혁명의 대표 기술인 블록체인의 장점(스마트 계약, 데이터 안전성과 보안성)이 uTradeHub의 이용의도에 영향을 미치는지 검토하여 수출 기업들의 uTradeHub 이용 활성화를 위한 서비스 품질의 개선점과 블록체인 기술 적용 방안에 대한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. uTradeHub service started in 2008 and is the only electronic trade platform inKoreawhich trading companies can reduce costs bymore than 6 trillionwon per year. EvenAlthoughmore advanced services are provided, companies are still not actively using the e-Nego and e-B/L Services. As a result of analysis the Service Quality factors such as Reliability, Empathy, Certainty, Responsiveness, Tangibility promote Performance Expectation and the Intention to use the uTradeHub service. Describing the research results, First, itwas found that Reliability, Tangibility and Responsiveness of Service Quality among the components of Service Quality of uTradeHub, acted as significant factors on the Intention to Use the Service, The effects of Empathy and Certaintywere found to be insignificant. Second, the degree of influence of Reliability, Responsiveness, Tangibility, which are components that affect the Intention to Use uTradeHubs Service, appeared in the order of Reliability> Tangibility > Responsiveness Third, among the characteristics of Blockchain Technology, which is expected to further innovate reliability and transparency, which are core requirements for International trade, the Safety Data and Smart Contracts has been shown to have a significant impact on the Use Intention, but security It was found that gender did not affect the intention to use the service.

한국 램프 산업 수출 경쟁력 제고에 관한 연구

정윤세(Yoon-Say Jeong),신승만(Seung-Man Shin) 한국무역연구원 2009 무역연구 Vol.5 No.3

This study presents the plans that can improve international competitive power about domestic light industry that industry competitive power change is expected by import increase from foreign countries. For this, in this study, analysed the situations of the domestic light manufactures through interview and questionnaire, and executed SWOT analysis with TSI analysis and competitive power analysis. As a result, the domestic goods don't got competitive power in price side more than china light goods, and in quality and technology side, than multinational corporation imports. Already international competitiveness of domestic lamps has been changed to comparative disadvantage product. Therefore, domestic gorge that is focusing only in group private contract business through organic sync of government and lamp industry ㆍ groups to present together political proposal for lamp industry development and direction effort incline must.

전자무역 : 한국형 전자선하증권 활성화 전략에 관한 연구

정윤세 ( Yoon Say Jeong ) 한국통상정보학회 2011 통상정보연구 Vol.13 No.4

우리나라는 2003년부터 2008년까지 전자정부 과제로 인터넷기반의 국가전자무역망(uTradeHub)을 성공적으로 구축하여 무역의 전자화를 활성화하고 있으며, 전자무역의 마지막 단계라고 불리는 선하증권(B/L)을 전자화한 ``한국형 전자선하증권 서비스(e-B/L Korea)``를 정부와 민간의 협력 하에 구축하여 시범사업을 거쳐 2009년에 공식적으로 전자선하증권 서비스에 들어갔다. 국가적 차원에서 상법을 개정하고 시행령을 만들어 선하증권을 제도화한 것은 세계 최초이며 세계 각국이 이의 성공여부에 지대한 관심을 가지고 주목하고 있다. 한국형 선하증권의 성공은 2011년 말을 기점으로 우리나라가 세계에서 9번째로 무역 1조불 클럽에 가입한 ``무역강국``의 위상을 높이고 실질적으로 우리 수출입기업의 무역거래비용을 절감함으로써 향후 무역 2조불시대를 앞당길 전자무역 활성화의 시금석으로 인식되고 있다. 하지만 아직은 국가 간 연계구축망이 부재하고, 서류의 보안성과 안전성을 높이기 위한 전자인증이 국제적으로 통용되고 있는 사적인증을 배제하고 국내공인인증만을 취급하는 등 e-B/L 서비스를 활성화하기 위해서 해결해야할 문제점도 산적해 있어 실질적으로 e-Nego 서비스가 크게 확산되지 못하는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 e-Nego 또는 서면전환 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 한국형 전자선하증권의 변형에 따른 문제점을 비롯하여 구조적, 제도적 문제점과 사용상 장애요인을 도출하여 이에 대한 해결방안을 제시하였으며, 한국형 전자선하증권의 특성을 검토하고 동 서비스 활용을 활성화하기 위한 전략을 제시하였다. Korea has accomplished the establishment of the National Single Window for Paperless Trade. Since 1991, it has developed Trade Automation Service System based on EDI technology. In 2003, Korean government and private sectors jointly began to set up National Paperless Trade Service(e-Trade Service) as one of the e-government projects and in 2008, they commenced the uTradeHub Service which was equipped with Internet based e-B/L and e-Nego service systems for the first time in the world. To facilitate the service Korea amended its e-Trade facilitation Act and Commerce Law by 2007. At the end of 2011, Korea historically recorded its trade volume of 1 trillion US dollars and joined ``$1 trillion trade club`` as the 9the member country since the country had started international trade less than a half decade ago. A successful rolling out of the e-B/L and e-Nego service will substantially reduce the transaction costs of trading businesses and accelerate the activation e-trade services. The purposes of the study are to examine ``e-B/L Korea`` service and its facilitation strategies as well as identify obstacles to utilize the ``e-B/L Korea`` service. The paper reviewed and analyzed Korea`s Paperless trade system and distinctive characteristics of the ``e-B/L Korea Service. Parts of the found distinctive characteristics of the Korea`s e-B/L service are as follows; It is well equiped with IT infrastructure and legal system. It also has more that 30,000 potential users who are already uTradeHub service users. The paper indicated several weaknesses of the current system such as global KPI issues, circulation of the electronic documents not only in the domestic market but also among economies, development of the electronic Bill of Exchange. As resolution measures, the paper recommended the introduction of mutual recognition system of PKI among trade partner countries, setting up e-trade solution for small and medium companies, and special attention to raise users` awareness of the e-B/L service.

전자무역 : 외화획득용 원료 등 구매제도의 전자화에 관한 연구

정윤세 ( Yoon Say Jeong ),정재승 ( Jason Chung ) 한국통상정보학회 2013 통상정보연구 Vol.15 No.1

최근 우리나라는 외화획득용 원료 등 구매제도에 대해 전자화를 도입하게 되었다. 정부는 구매확인서의 전자화를 위해서 2011년에 대외무역관리규정을 개정하였다. 또한, 외화획득용 원료 등 구매제도에는 구매확인서에 이어 2012년에 내국신용장도 전자화하였다. 이는 우리나라 전자무역이 로컬거래 절차의 전자화를 추진하게 되는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 외화획득용 물품관리제도에 대한 선행적 고찰과 대외무역관리규정의 개정을 통한 구매확인서 전자발급의 의무화 및 한국은행 무역금융 취급세칙의 개정으로 내국신용장의 전자개설 의무화에 따른 이론적, 법적 고찰과 로컬거래 절차의 전자화의 추진인 로컬거래 통합관리시스템의 구축에 있어 법적, 실무적 문제점과 대응방안을 분석하였다. Recently, the government was introduced as currency for earning of raw materials purchasing system for electronic Government management of foreign trade in 2011, and revised regulations for electronic proof of purchase. In addition, the currency for earning of raw materials, such as procurement system in 2012, followed by electronic proof of purchase local letter of credit. The government electronic trading will be promoting local trading of electronic procedures. This study will be a preceding research on the goods control system for acquiring foreign currency and the obligation of using digitalized approval of purchase due to the revision of foreign trade law. Also, it will conduct theoretical and legal research regarding the obligation of digital establishment of the local L/C which is a result of amendments to the rules of operation for the Bank of Korea`s trade finance. Further, it will analyze the legal and operational problems and its response plans for the establishment of the local trade integrated management system which promotes the digitalization of the local trade process.

국가전자무역서비스(uTradeHub) 현황 및 사용자 확산을 위한 정책적 과제 연구

정윤세(Yoon Say Jeong) 국제e-비즈니스학회 2009 e-비즈니스 연구 Vol.10 No.4

Status of Sperm Motiltity Treated with Endocrine Disruptors In Vitro

El-Sayed A. Mohamed,Sung-Jae Yoon,Woo-Sung Kwon,Yoo-Jin Park,Kyu-Hyun Jeong,Myung-Geol Pang 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

In the last few decades with the industrial revolution many environmental contaminants have estrogenic activity (endocrine disruptors, EDs) are released into the environment affecting the male reproductive system and male fertility. Sperm motility is one of the initial tests performed to assess sperm function; only motile sperm can achieve fertilization in vivo. The present study aimed to investigate the possible effects of a group of EDs that represent a widespread chemicals in the environment genistein (Gen), is a naturally occurring isoflavone (100 μM), bisphenol A (BPA), that is used in the manufacture of plastics and other products and released largely into the environment (100 μM), nonylphenol (NP) is an important environmental toxicant and potential endocrine disrupting chemical (10 μg/ml), TCDD, that is formed as an unwanted by-product in the manufacture of chlorinated hydrocarbons (2.5 μg/ml), atrazine (Atraz) is a herbicides (500 μM), dibromochloropropane (DBCP) is a pesticide (10 μg/ml), and diazinone (Diaz) is a insecticide (500 μM) on human sperm motility and kinematic characteristics. Human spermatozoa were incubated in Ham's F10 media with/without the tested chemicals or DMSO as positive control for 6 hr at 37℃ in 5% CO2. Then, sperm motility was assessed using computer assisted semen analyzer. Interestingly, all the chemicals tested significantly decreased sperm motility as compared to the control groups. However, only Diaz significantly decreased sperm kinematic characteristics namely, VCL, VSL, STR, VAP, and ALH. We suggest that the environmental chemicals may have an effect on male fertility via decreasing sperm motility.

Endocrine Disruptors Alter Sex Ratio Via Decreasing Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa Viability

El-Sayed A. Mohamed,Woo-Sung Kwon,Yoo-Jin Park,Sung-Jae Yoon,Kyu-Hyun Jeong,Myung-Geol Pang 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

In mammals, the meiosis division in testes produces equal numbers of two different types of gametes: X chromosome-bearing sperm (X-spermatozoa) and Y chromosomebearing sperm (Y-spermatozoa), which have equal potential to fertilize the oocytes. Therefore, the expected 1: 1 sex ratio is observed. However, under some conditions like endocrine disruptors (EDs) exposure the sex ratio is deviated than the expected with more males or more females. And recently many hypotheses have been postulated to explain the mechanism of sex ratio deviation; however none of them introduced a proven experimental explanation. To solve this enigma, we hypothesized that the differences between X- and Y-spermatozoa survivability under specific conditions due to differences in their chromosome contents are the key leading to the sex ratio alteration. To examine our hypothesis, we combined two techniques; first, hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test that was applied to test viability of spermatozoa and second, fluorescence in situ hybridization that was applied on HOS-treated spermatozoa to define sex chromosome composition. In the present study, human spermatozoa were incubated with a group of EDs represent a widespread chemicals in the environment bisphenol A (BPA, 100 μM), nonylphenol (NP, 10 μg/ml), 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 2.5 μg/ml), genistein (Gen, 100 μM), and the following pesticides, dibromochloropropane (DBCP, 10 μg/ml), atrazine (Atraz, 500 μM), and diazinone (Diaz, 500 μM) for 6 hr at 37℃ in 5% CO2. Then, the viability of spermatozoa and their sex chromosome contents were evaluated simultaneously. Among seven chemicals studied only four chemicals (Atraz, DBCP, TCDD, and Diaz) significantly decreased Y-sperm viability when compared to those of X-spermatozoa in the same treatment group and viability of Y-spermatozoa when compared to those in the negative and positive (DMSO) control groups (p<0.05). Also, in these four treatment groups the sex ratio of live sperm population was significantly lowered compared to the control groups (p<0.05). Otherwise, Gen, BPA, and NP did not show any significant effect on viability of Yspermatozoa or decreasing sex ratio in live sperm population as compared to the control groups. It has been proven that TCDD, DBCP, and the pesticides decrease the sex ratio, but the same effect was not observed in case of Gen, BPA, and NP. From the present findings, there is no doubt that the EDs may alter sex ratio via decreasing Y-spermatozoa viability.

Environmental Chemicals Inhibit Sperm Tyrosine Phosphorylation

El-Sayed A. Mohamed,Yoo-Jin Park,Woo-Sung Kwon,Sung-Jae Yoon,Kyu-Hyun Jeong,Myung-Geol Pang 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Phosphorylation of proteins is a post-translational modification process which plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Addition or removal of phosphate groups result in conformational changes in proteins leading either to their activation or inactivation. Tyrosine phosphorylation of protein is associated with sperm function in several mammalian species. The control of this process may via the changes in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP); the changes in cAMP levels that occur in the spermatozoa regulate protein kinase A (PKA) activity which, in turn, leads to the tyrosine phosphorylation of protein substrates by either the activation of sperm tyrosine kinases and/or the inhibition of phosphoprotein phosphatases. Cyclic nucleotides, in particular, cAMP, are important regulators of various maturation events in sperm including capacitation and motility. Interestingly, some environmental chemicals (ECs) may exert broader endocrine disrupting effects through possible modulation of cAMP/PKA second messenger systems. Otherwise, because the mature spermatozoa are transcriptionally inactive, therefore the study of sperm proteins phosphorylation may permit more information about the agents and conditions affects on sperm function. In the present study, to examine the effect of ECs on human sperm function, human spermatozoa were incubated with a group of ECs represent a widespread chemicals in the environment bisphenol A (BPA, 100 μM), nonylphenol (NP, 10 μg/ml), 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- pdioxin (TCDD, 2.5 μg/ml), genistein (Gen, 100 μM), and the following pesticides, dibromochloropropane (DBCP, 10 μg/ml), atrazine (Atraz, 500 μM), and diazinone (Diaz, 500 μM) for 6 hr at 37℃ in 5% CO2. Then, western blot analysis was carried out using extracted sperm proteins. Antiphosphorylation antibody (pY20) was used to determine sperm tyrosine phosphorylation after EDs treatment. The pY20 antibody labeled three common bands of approximately 90, 110, and 150 KDa. There were no significant differences between negative and positive control groups in regard to the tyrosine phosphorylated proteins except at the band with molecular weight 110 KDa. However, except Diaz treatment group, the other treatment groups showed decreasing (TCDD, Gen, NP, BPA, and DBCP) or increasing (Atraz) in the tyrosine phosphorylated proteins at least in one band from the three common bands studied. Therefore, it sug-gests that ECs effectively alters human sperm function and this effect may detect via their effect on tyrosine phosphorylation pattern.