Relationships between Inbound Tourism, Financial Development, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study of Fujian Province, China

An Lin LIU(An Lin LIU),Yong Cen LIU(Yong Cen LIU) 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.2

This paper mainly studies the relationship between financial development, inbound tourism development, and economic growth rate in Fujian Province, China. This study uses the data of real GDP, foreign exchange income from international tourism, and financial interrelations ratio from 1994 to 2019. In the analysis process, the Johansen cointegration test is first used to analyze whether the three have a long-term equilibrium relationship. Then the vector error correction model is established to test the restrictive relationship among the three. Next, the Granger causality test assesses whether the three have a causal relationship. Finally, the contribution rate of the three is analyzed by variance decomposition. The above methods show the following conclusions: first, the three have a long-term equilibrium relationship. Secondly, in the short term, local economic growth is constrained by inbound tourism and financial development. Thirdly, there is a causal relationship between economic growth and inbound tourism in Fujian, while there is a unidirectional causal relationship between financial development and economic growth, financial development, and inbound tourism. Fourthly, the contribution rate of inbound tourism to economic growth fluctuations in Fujian is higher than that of financial development.

FSI-IDEALS AND FSC-IDEALS OF BCI-ALGEBRAS

Liu, Yong-Lin,Liu, San-Yang,Meng, Jie Korean Mathematical Society 2004 대한수학회보 Vol.41 No.1

The notions of FSI-ideals and FSC-ideals in BCI-algebras are introduced. The characterization properties of FSI-ideals and FSC-ideals are obtained. We investigate the relations between FSI-ideals (resp. FSC-ideals) and other fuzzy ideals, between FSI-ideals (resp. FSC-ideals) and BCI-algebras, and show that a fuzzy subset of a BCI-algebra is an FSI-ideal if and only if it is both an FSC-ideal and a fuzzy BCI-positive implicative ideal.

$FSI$-ideals and $FSC$-ideals of BCI-algebras

Yong Lin Liu,San Yang Liu,Jie Meng 대한수학회 2004 대한수학회보 Vol.41 No.1

The notions of FSI-ideals and FSC-ideals in BCI-algebras areintroduced. The characterization properties of FSI-ideals andFSC-ideals are obtained. We investigate the relations betweenFSI-ideals (resp. FSC-ideals) and other fuzzy ideals, betweenFSI-ideals (resp. FSC-ideals) and BCI-algebras, and show thata fuzzy subset of a BCI-algebra is an FSI-ideal if and only ifit is both an FSC-ideal and a fuzzy BCI-positive implicativeideal.

An answer to the Jun-Shim-Lele's open problem on the fuzzy filters

Yong Lin Liu,San Yang Liu,Yang Xu 한국전산응용수학회 2006 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.21 No.1-2

QUOTIENT RINGS INDUCED VIA FUZZY IDEALS

Liu, Yong-Lin,Meng, Jie,Xin, Xiao-Long 한국전산응용수학회 2001 The Korean journal of computational & applied math Vol.8 No.3

This note we give a construction of a quotient ring $R/{\mu}$ induced via a fuzzy ideal ${\mu}$ in a ring R. The Fuzzy First, Second and Third Isomorphism Theorems are established. For some applications of this construction of quotient rings, we show that if ${\mu}$ is a fuzzy ideal of a commutative ring R, then $\mu$ is prime (resp. $R/{\mu}$ is a field, every zero divisor in $R/{\mu}$ is nilpotent). Moreover we give a simpler characterization of fuzzy maximal ideal of a ring.

Optimization of preparation and properties of Gardenia yellow pigment-loaded alginate beads

Yong Liu,Qing Zhou,Yan-Mei He,Xiu-Yun Ma,Lin-Na Liu,Yong-Jian Ke 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.8

Gardenia yellow pigment (GYP) loaded alginate beads were prepared by the ionic gelation technique, and the preparation parameters were optimized by response surface methodology for high encapsulation efficiency. The optimized parameters were alginate concentration of 3.3%, CaCl2 concentration of 2.4%, and GYP concentration of 3.2mg/mL, under which the encapsulation efficiency was 73.61%. The surface morphology and bead size analysis showed that the GYP-loaded alginate beads had a roughly spherical morphology with a wrinkled surface, and their average diameter was 0.87 mm. In vitro release test revealed that the GYP release had a pH-dependent release profile and a two-step release process. The Rigter-Peppas model was the most proper model to assess the GYP release from alginate beads. The release mechanism of GYP at pH 1.2 and 7.4 was non-Fickian transport and case-II transport, respectively. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay indicated that the encapsulated GYP had effectively maintained 82.56% of the antioxidant activity.

Add-on Tiotropium in Chinese Patients With Moderate Asthma: A Pooled Subgroup Analysis of MezzoTinA-Asthma 1 and 2

Jiangtao Lin,Huanying Wan,Jian Kang,Qianli Ma,Ping Chen,Meiling Jin,Haoyan Wang,Shuang Liu,Qinglin Hao,Yong Lin,Lin Su,Na Hu 대한천식알레르기학회 2019 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.11 No.4

Purpose: Asthma affects approximately 30 million patients in China; however, tiotropium data for Chinese patients is limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of tiotropium in Chinese patients with moderate symptomatic asthma. Methods: A post hoc subgroup analysis was conducted on 430 Chinese patients pooled from two 24-week, replicate phase 3 trials (NCT01172808 and NCT01172821), in which they received once-daily tiotropium 2.5 μg (Tio R2.5) or 5 μg (Tio R5) (n = 106 or 109, respectively), twice-daily salmeterol 50 μg (Sal 50) (n = 110), or placebo (n = 105), while maintaining inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The co-primary endpoints assessed in week 24 were forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) peak0–3h response, trough FEV1 response, and responder rate as assessed using the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). Results: For both FEV1 peak0–3h responses and trough FEV1 responses, the mean treatment differences were greater for Tio R2.5, Tio R5, and Sal 50 compared with placebo at 0.249 L, 0.234 L, and 0.284 L, and 0.172 L, 0.180 L, and 0.164 L, respectively (P< 0.001). The ACQ responder rate in placebo, Tio R2.5, Tio R5, and Sal 50 was 58.7%, 62.3%, 59.3%, and 69.1%, respectively. Furthermore, 11 (2.6%) of 430 patients had serious adverse events (Tio R5, n = 4; Tio R2.5, n = 1; Sal 50, n = 1; and placebo, n = 5). Conclusions: Once-daily tiotropium, as add-on to medium-dose ICS, was effective and well tolerated for Chinese patients with moderate symptomatic asthma, consistent with the main analysis.

In Vitro Evaluation and Monitoring of the Expression Level and Localization of Aldose Reductase Using Functionalized Quantum Dots and EGFP

Xiaomin Liu,Chengbin Yang,Jing Liu,Jianwei Liu,Rui Hu,Hongwei Lian,Guimiao Lin,Liwei Liu,Ken-Tye Yong,Ling Ye 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.4

The optimization of aldose reductase (AR) expression levels and tracking of the AR expression sites within the cell is an essential step in developing a platform for the effective production of aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs). In this study, we have demonstrated the use of both immunocytochemistry and quantum dots-based immunofluorescence techniques for observing and detecting the expression level and localization of AR in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell model with high levels of AR protein expression. Our results show that high expression levels of human AR can be achieved using the eukaryotic cell model that we have developed. The overexpressed AR can be used for translational studies of hAR and the screening of ARIs. More importantly, the use of the established quantum dots-based immunofluorescence technique in the intracellular labeling of AR allows the determination of the expression and distribution of the AR gene. Overall, the use of the interdisciplinary approach of both genetic engineering and quantum dot-based immunofluorescence allows not only the effective production of a desired protein, but also the determination of the cellular localization of such an expressed protein.

Oxidative degradation of Rhodamine B solution with nZVI persulfate activation

Yong-Tao Li,Xin-Yue Liu,Xi Li,Hao Liu,Wan-Ying Du,Jing-Lin Chen 대한환경공학회 2024 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.29 No.4

In this study, the researchers evaluated the use of nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) activated persulfate (PS) for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The effects of various operating parameters such as initial pH, and dosages of PS, nZVI and citric acid (CA) on the removal rate of RhB were investigated. The results demonstrated that at a PS dosage of 5 mmol·L<SUP>-1</SUP>, nZVI dosage of 0.3 g·L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.1 mmol·L<SUP>-1</SUP> CA, and pH of 5, the degradation rate of RhB was 94.970%. The degradation and kinetic analysis of RhB using micron-scale zero-valent iron (mZVI) and nZVI revealed that nZVI exhibited higher activity with PS due to its smaller particle size. The activation of PS by nZVI is higher compared to mZVI, and the ineffective consumption is half that of the mZVI/PS system, the TOC removal rate increased by 18.65%. Kinetic analysis indicated that under the mentioned reaction conditions, the degradation process followed a pseudo-second-order reaction model, with the highest apparent reaction rate constant (kobs). The researchers also identified active radical species in the nZVI/PS system. Additionally, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to detect reaction intermediates and propose a possible degradation pathway for RhB.

Outcomes of Secondary Laminoplasty for Patients with Unsatisfactory Results after Anterior Multilevel Cervical Surgery

Liu, Hong-Wei,Chen, Liang,Xu, Nan-Wei,Yang, Hui-Lin,Gu, Yong The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2015 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.57 No.1

Objective : To investigate the causes for failed anterior cervical surgery and the outcomes of secondary laminoplasty. Methods : Seventeen patients failed anterior multilevel cervical surgery and the following conservative treatments between Feb 2003 and May 2011 underwent secondary laminoplasty. Outcomes were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Scale and visual analogue scale (VAS) before the secondary surgery, at 1 week, 2 months, 6 months, and the final visit. Cervical alignment, causes for revision and complications were also assessed. Results : With a mean follow-up of $29.7{\pm}12.1$ months, JOA score, recovery rate and excellent to good rate improved significantly at 2 months (p< 0.05) and maintained thereafter (p>0.05). Mean VAS score decreased postoperatively (p<0.05). Lordotic angle maintained during the entire follow up (p>0.05). The causes for secondary surgery were inappropriate approach in 3 patients, insufficient decompression in 4 patients, adjacent degeneration in 2 patients, and disease progression in 8 patients. Complications included one case of C5 palsy, axial pain and cerebrospinal fluid leakage, respectively. Conclusion : Laminoplasty has satisfactory results in failed multilevel anterior surgery, with a low incidence of complications.