Prognostic factors for classifying extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, as lymphoid neoplasia

Na, Im I.,Kang, Hye J.,Park, Yeon H.,Lee, Seung-Sook,Yoo, Hyung J.,Choe, Du H.,Ryoo, Baek-Yeol,Yang, Sung H. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 European journal of haematology Vol.79 No.1

<P>Abstract</P><P>This study evaluated the applicability of prognostic factors commonly used for diagnosis of classical lymphoma outcomes to extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (NTCL). Clinical features and their associations with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated in 70 patients. RLDH was defined as the ratio of LDH to the upper normal limit. RLDH was associated with stage (I–II vs. III–IV), lymph node involvement (LNI), and International Prognostic Index score (<2 vs. ≥2). Poor performance status and advanced stage were common in patients with local tumor invasiveness (LTI). LDH level, classified into three levels (low, high, and very high) was associated with survival (<I>P</I> < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the predictive values of LDH level, B symptom, performance status, and stage remained significant whereas those of LTI and LNI did not. Scoring was performed by weighting each factor with 0.5 or 1.0 according to its hazard ratio. Scores were classified into four groups. Groups with high scores were associated with unfavorable outcomes (<I>P</I> < 0.001). Current study suggests that prognostic factors for NHL may be useful to predict the outcome of NTCL but the model should take LDH level and the prognostic weight of each factor into account.</P>

Metal Ion Catalysis in Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of 4-Nitrophenyl Picolinate with Alkali Metal Ethoxides in Anhydrous Ethanol

Yeon-Ju Hong,Song-I Kim,엄익환 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.9

Pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobsd) were measured spectrophotometrically for nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-nitrophenyl picolinate (6) with alkali metal ethoxides (EtOM, M+ = K+, Na+ and Li+) in anhydrous ethanol at 25.0 ±0.1 oC. The plot of kobsd vs. [EtOM] exhibits upward curvature regardless of the nature of M+ ions. However, the plot for the reaction of 6 with EtOK is linear with significantly decreased kobsd values when 18-crown-6-ether (18C6, a complexing agent for K+ ion) is added in the reaction medium. Dissection of kobsd into kEtO‒ and kEtOM (i.e., the second-order rate constant for the reaction with dissociated EtO‒ and ion-paired EtOM, respectively) has revealed that ion-paired EtOM is 3 ~ 17 times more reactive than dissociated EtO‒. The reaction has been proposed to proceed through a 5-membered cyclic transition state, in which M+ ion increases the electrophilicity of the reaction site. Interestingly, Na+ ion exhibits the largest catalytic effect. The presence of a nitrogen atom in the pyridine moiety of 6 has been suggested to be responsible for the high Na+ ion selectivity.

Metal Ion Catalysis in Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of 4-Nitrophenyl Picolinate with Alkali Metal Ethoxides in Anhydrous Ethanol

Hong, Yeon-Ju,Kim, Song-I,Um, Ik-Hwan Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.9

Pseudo-first-order rate constants ($k_{obsd}$) were measured spectrophotometrically for nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-nitrophenyl picolinate (6) with alkali metal ethoxides (EtOM, $M^+\;=\;K^+$, $Na^+$ and $Li^+$) in anhydrous ethanol at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The plot of $k_{obsd}$ vs. [EtOM] exhibits upward curvature regardless of the nature of $M^+$ ions. However, the plot for the reaction of 6 with EtOK is linear with significantly decreased $k_{obsd}$ values when 18-crown-6-ether (18C6, a complexing agent for $K^+$ ion) is added in the reaction medium. Dissection of $k_{obsd}$ into $k_{EtO^-}$ and $k_{EtOM}$ (i.e., the second-order rate constant for the reaction with dissociated $EtO^-$ and ion-paired EtOM, respectively) has revealed that ion-paired EtOM is 3~17 times more reactive than dissociated $EtO^-$. The reaction has been proposed to proceed through a 5-membered cyclic transition state, in which $M^+$ ion increases the electrophilicity of the reaction site. Interestingly, $Na^+$ ion exhibits the largest catalytic effect. The presence of a nitrogen atom in the pyridine moiety of 6 has been suggested to be responsible for the high $Na^+$ ion selectivity.

Original Article : Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir-Based Rescue Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Previous Nucleo(s/t)ide Treatment Failure

( Cho I Lee ),( So Young Kwon ),( Jeong Han Kim ),( Won Hyeok Choe ),( Chang Hong Lee ),( Eileen L Yoon ),( Jong Eun Yeon ),( Kwan Soo Byun ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Ju Hyun Kim ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2014 Gut and Liver Vol.8 No.1

Background/Aims: We investigated the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who failed previous antiviral therapies. Methods: Seventeen patients who failed to achieve virological responses during sequential antiviral treatments were included. The patients were treated with TDF monotherapy (four patients) or a combination of TDF and lamivudine (13 patients) for a median of 42 months. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were measured, and renal function was also monitored. Results: Prior to TDF therapy, 180 M, 204 I/V/S, 181 T/V, 236 T, and 184 L mutations were detected. After TDF therapy, the median HBV DNA level decreased from 4.6 log10 IU/mL to 2.0 log10 IU/mL and to 1.6 log10 IU/mL at 12 and 24 months, respectively. HBV DNA became undetectable (≤20 IU/mL) in 14.3%, 41.7%, and 100% of patients after 12, 24, and 48 months of treatment, respectively. HBeAg loss was observed in two patients. Viral breakthrough occurred in five patients who had skipped their medication. No significant changes in renal function were observed. Conclusions: TDF-based rescue treatment is effective in reducing HBV DNA levels and is safe for patients with CHB who failed prior antiviral treatments. Patients` adherence to medication is related to viral rebound. (Gut Liver 2014,8:64-69)

일별 국지기온 결정에 미치는 관측지점 표고영향의 계절변동

윤진일(Jin I Yun),최재연(Jae Yeon Choi),안재훈(Jae Hoon Ahn) 한국농림기상학회 2001 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Usage of ecosystem models has been extended to landscape scales for understanding the effects of environmental factors on natural and agro-ecosystems and for serving as their management decision tools. Accurate prediction of spatial variation in daily temperature is required for most ecosystem models to be applied to landscape scales. There are relatively few empirical evaluations of landscape-scale temperature prediction techniques in mountainous terrain such as Korean Peninsula. We derived a periodic function of seasonal lapse rate fluctuation from analysis of elevation effects on daily temperatures. Observed daily maximum and minimum temperature data at 63 standard stations in 1999 were regressed to the latitude, longitude, distance from the nearest coastline and altitude of the stations, and the optimum models with r^2 of 0.65 and above were selected. Partial regression coefficients for the altitude variable were plotted against day of year, and a numerical formula was determined for simulating the seasonal trend of daily lapse rate, i.e., partial regression coefficients. The formula in conjunction with an inverse distance weighted interpolation scheme was applied to predict daily temperatures at 267 sites, where observation data are available, on randomly selected dates for winter, spring and summer in 2000. The estimation errors were smaller and more consistent than the inverse distance weighting plus mean annual lapse rate scheme. We conclude that this method is simple and accurate enough to be used as an operational temperature interpolation scheme at landscape scale in Korea and should be applicable to elsewhere.

도시효과를 고려한 일 최저기온의 월별 평년값 분포 추정

최재연 ( Jae Yeon Choi ),윤진일 ( Jin I. Yun ) 한국농림기상학회 2002 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.4 No.4

This study was conducted to remove the urban heat island effects embedded in the interpolated surfaces of daily minimum temperature in the Korean Peninsula. Fifty six standard weather stations are usually used to generate the gridded temperature surface in South Korea. Since most of the weather stations are located in heavily populated and urbanized areas, the observed minimum temperature data are contaminated with the so-called urban heat island effect. Without an appropriate correction, temperature estimates over rural area or forests might deviate significantly from the actual values. We simulated the spatial pattern of population distribution within any single population reporting district (city or county) by allocating the reported population to the urban pixels of a land cover map with a 30 by 30 m spacing. By using this digital population model (DPM), we can simulate the horizontal diffusion of urban effect, which is not possible with the spatially discontinuous nature of the population statistics for each city or county. The temperature estimation error from the existing interpolation scheme, which considers both the distance and the altitude effects, was regressed to the DPMs smoothed at 5 different scales, i.e., the radial extent of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5.0 km. Optimum regression models were used in conjunction with the distance-altitude interpolation to predict monthly normals of daily minimum temperature in South Korea for 1971-2000 period. Cross validation showed around 50% reduction in terms of RMSE and MAE over all months compared with those by the conventional method.

재래돼지 Melanocortin Receptor 1(MCIR)의 변이에 관한 연구

한재용,정일정,김태헌,윤두학,연성흠,최봉환,노환국,김남순,이화진 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.3

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is the major candidate gene for coat color in pig since it is assumed to be controlled by an allele at the Extension (E) locus. A 702 by fragments of the MC1R gene were amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced from 6 heads of Korean native pig. Of them, 4 pigs possessed allele#2 which is associated with black coat color in pig, the others had allele#1 which revealed a unique allele in European wild boar reported by Kijas et al. (1998). PCR-RFLP was carried out to observe their alleles from 6 different pig breeds including Korean native pig, Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace, Large White, and Meishan pig. Two pairs of primers were designed for amplifying the MC1R gene fragment corresponding to five polymorphic sites. PCR products were digested 5 different restriction enzymes. Nsp I , MspA 1 I , Rca I , Hha I and Acc II , and electrophoresed in 2.5% Metaphor agarose gel. All breeds except for Korean native and Meishan breeds were the same alleles reported by Kijas et al. (1998). Of 9 Meishan pigs tested in this study, 4 heads possessed the same allele, 5 heads were different alleles reported by Kijas et al. (1998). A total of 15 different alleles revealed in Korean native pig. The results of this study strongly suggest that black coat color in Korean native breed was associated with a constitutively active receptor at codon 99 (L99P).

Effect of Alkali Metal Ions on Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 4-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted Benzoates with Alkali Metal Ethoxides in Anhydrous Ethanol

Jin-A Seo,Song-I Kim,Yeon-Ju Hong,엄익환 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.2

Pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobsd) have been measured spectrophotometrically for nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate (5a), 4-nitrophenyl 4-methoxybenzoate (5b), and 4-nitrophenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (5c) with alkali metal ethoxides, EtO–M+ (M+= Li+, Na+ and K+) in anhydrous ethanol (EtOH) at 25.0 ± 0.1 oC. The plots of kobsd vs. [EtO–M+] exhibit upward curvatures in all cases, indicating that M+ ions catalyze the reactions and ionpaired EtO–M+ species are more reactive than dissociated EtO–. Second-order rate constants for reactions with dissociated EtO– and ion-paired EtO–M+ (i.e., kEtO– and kEtO–M+, respectively) have been calculated from ion-pair treatment for the reactions of 5a and 5b. However, such ion-pair treatment has failed to determine kEtO– and kEtO–M+ values for the reactions of 5c. It has been concluded that reactions of 5a and 5b are catalyzed by one metal ion, which increases electrophilicity of the reaction center through coordination on the carbonyl oxygen. In contrast, reactions of 5c have been suggested to involve two metal ions, i.e., the one coordinated on the carbonyl oxygen increases the electrophilicity of the reaction center while the other one associated on the phenoxy oxygen decreases the charge repulsion between the anionic reagents (i.e., EtO– and deprotonated 5c). It has been found that the rate equation derived from the mechanism involving two metal ions fits nicely to the kinetic results obtained for the reactions of 5c.

Effect of Alkali Metal Ions on Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 4-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted Benzoates with Alkali Metal Ethoxides in Anhydrous Ethanol

Seo, Jin-A,Kim, Song-I,Hong, Yeon-Ju,Um, Ik-Hwan Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.2

Pseudo-first-order rate constants ($k_{obsd}$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate (5a), 4-nitrophenyl 4-methoxybenzoate (5b), and 4-nitrophenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (5c) with alkali metal ethoxides, $EtO^-M^+$ ($M^+=Li^+$, $Na^+$ and $K^+$) in anhydrous ethanol (EtOH) at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The plots of $k_{obsd}$ vs. [$EtO^-M^+$] exhibit upward curvatures in all cases, indicating that $M^+$ ions catalyze the reactions and ionpaired $EtO^-M^+$ species are more reactive than dissociated $EtO^-$. Second-order rate constants for reactions with dissociated $EtO^-$ and ion-paired $EtO^-M^+$ (i.e., $k_{EtO^-}$ and $k_{EtO^-M^+}$, respectively) have been calculated from ion-pair treatment for the reactions of 5a and 5b. However, such ion-pair treatment has failed to determine $k_{EtO^-}$ and $k_{EtO^-M^+}$ values for the reactions of 5c. It has been concluded that reactions of 5a and 5b are catalyzed by one metal ion, which increases electrophilicity of the reaction center through coordination on the carbonyl oxygen. In contrast, reactions of 5c have been suggested to involve two metal ions, i.e., the one coordinated on the carbonyl oxygen increases the electrophilicity of the reaction center while the other one associated on the phenoxy oxygen decreases the charge repulsion between the anionic reagents (i.e., $EtO^-$ and deprotonated 5c). It has been found that the rate equation derived from the mechanism involving two metal ions fits nicely to the kinetic results obtained for the reactions of 5c.

AISI 304 스텐레스강의 응력부식귀열에 미치는 냉간가공과 아닐링의 영향

연윤모,권숙인 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1983 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.21 No.2

A study was made of the effects of cold working and annealing on the stress corrosion cracking of AlSl 304 stainless steel in boding 42% MgCl₂solution. When the 60% or 76% of yield stress was applied, the resistance to SCC showed maximum at 30% of cold work. However, when the same load was applied to the annealed specimens after cold working, the resistance to SCC decreased abruptly at 675℃ annealing. The fracture mode changed mixed →intergranular →transgranular as the amount of cold work increased.