高等學校 漢文科 評價의 問題點과 改善 方案

梁判石 한국한문교육학회 2002 한문교육논집 Vol.19 No.-

漢文敎育에 있어서 가장 기본이라 할 수 있는 基礎漢字에 대한 지식수준은 갈수록 저하되고 있다. 이 같은 현상의 원인은 여러 가지가 있을 수 있겠지만, 한문 교육 목표와 관련하여 評價에서 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 왜냐하면 평가는 敎育課程에서 제시하고 있는 목표를 학생들이 얼마나 잘 성취하고 있는지를 확인하는 수단이기 때문이다. 高等學校 漢文科 評價의 問題點과 改善 方案에 대한 先行硏究에서는, 주로 다양한 評價 問項을 開發해야 한다는 쪽으로 치우친 경향이 많다. 따라서 本稿에서는 새로운 평가 문항을 하나 추가하기보다는, 평가가 갖는 제도적·현실적인 문제를 감안한 실질적인 평가 방안을 모색해 본 것이다. 먼저 제7차 교육과정에 있어서 고등학교 한문과의 位相과 그에 따른 評價上의 問題點을 살펴보았다. 첫째, 漢文敎科가 選擇科目이 됨으로써 학습자들로부터 소홀히 다루어지는 성향 때문에 정상적인 평가가 어렵게 되었다는 점이다. 따라서 평가 문항의 개발만으로는 평가의 정상화를 기대하기 어려울 전망이다. 둘째, 정상적인 평가를 위해 한문과의 시수 확보가 선행되어야 하며, 정해진 단위수도 반드시 지켜져야 한다. 셋째, 수행평가가 정상적으로 시행되기 위한 여건의 조성을 들 수 있다. 그러기 위해서 우선 班別 학생수의 감소가 선행되어야 한다. 또한 평가의 客觀性과 公正性이 확보되어야 하고, 아울러 기본점수를 주는 등 점수 부풀리기 식은 사라져야 한다. 고등학교 한문과 평가는 이렇듯 제도적인 제반 사항이 갖추어지지 않는 상황에서 실시되었고, 그로 인한 여러 가지 문제점이 惹起되었다. 특히 漢文敎育에 있어 가장 중요하고도 바탕이 되는 基礎漢字도 모르는 소외 漢盲을 낳기에 이르렀다. 따라서 평가의 정상화를 위한 이상적인 방안을 제시할 것이 아니라, 맨먼저 현재 학생들의 수준과 교육여건을 고려한 평가 방안이 반드시 모색되어야 한다는 것이다. 첫째, 고등학교 학습의 기초가 되는 중학교용 기초한자 900자에 대한 진단 평가를 권장하였다. 둘째, 한문과의 학습 목표가 한자·한자어·한문 능력 습득이라는 점층적 구조 속에 있다는 점에 착안하여, 그 基底가 되는 한자 학습을 언급하였다. 아울러 한자 쓰기 평가의 강화를 몇 가지 방법과 함께 제시하였다. 셋째, 가장 기본적인 사항인 字典活用을 권장하고 그것을 평가에 반영하는 점을 거론하였다. The level of Korean students' basic knowledge about Chinese Characters is gradually decreasing. One of the reasons about this could be the assessment related to the objectives of Chinese Characters subject since assessment is an instrument to measure students' achievement in the educational curriculum. In the previous studies, problems and solutions of assessing Chinese Characters had a tendency to focus on developing the diverse testing forms. In this study, I search for systematic, authentic ways of improving assessment rather than making new test problems in a testing form. The status of Chinese Characters and its problems in assessment in the seventh educational curriculum are presented in this study. First, the reasonable assessment is impossible in Chinese Characters subject because students are not enthusiastic in studying Chinese characters, because the subject is optional, not mandatory. Second, the credit hours for Chinese Characters subject should be acquired and the subject should be taught exactly according to the credit hours. Third, the overall conditions for assessment should be soundly built such as appropriate class size, the reliability and fairness of the subject. These problems led many students to be illiterate of Chinese characters who do not even know the basic Chinese letters. Against the above problems, the assessment should consider the level of students and educational environment rather than presenting the ideal ways about assessment. The solution would be like this : First, the diagnostic assessment is recommended, testing 900 Chinese letters used in the middle school. Second, the learning of Chinese letters are mentioned from the perspective that the learning objectives of Chinese Characters subject are in the spiral structure of Chinese letters, Korean words based on Chinese letters, and it's ability of acquisition. Third, the use of Chinese-Korean dictionary is recommended and its use should be involved in the assessment.

중합억제제의 반응성에 관한 연구

金洋,朴板煜 부산대학교 공과대학 부설 생산기술연구소 1975 硏究報告 Vol.14 No.-

중합억제반응 실험은 진공(~10^(-5) mmHg)하에서 조심스럽게 용액중의 기체를 제거한 후 dilatometer로써 반응속도를 측정하였다. 실험결과는 Fukui의 fornitier electron density 法으로 반응성과 반응기구를 고찰하였다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 억제제를 넣지않고 AIBN과 styrene만의 반응속도는 dl_(n)[M] - ------- = R_(0)=6.863[AIBN]^(½)percent per hour=16.178×10^(-5)[AIBN]^(½)mole^(-½)l^(½)sec^(-1) dt 로 표시할 수 있었다. 2. Heterosulfur 化學物인 phenothiazine, thioxanthene 및 thianthrene은 styrene 중합에서는 억제효과가 없었다. 3. acridine의 Kx값이 anthracene의 Kx 값의 약 절반이었다. acridine의 meso 탄소 위치가 다른 위치의 탄소보다 반응성이 크고 styryl radical의 첫 번 공격은 이 meso炭素에서 일어난다. 4. phenazine은 가장 좋은 억제제였다. phenazine의 side ring은 anthracene이나 acridine의 side ring보다 反應性이 크고 styryl radical은 meso 위치의 질소에게도 공격할 수 있을 것이다. 5. 억제제의 Sr(혹은 Sr^(9))값은 억제제의 반응성을 잘 나타내 주었다.

여행사에 있어 리더십 유형과 직무만족·조직몰입에 관한 연구

민양기,김판영 문화관광연구학회 2002 문화관광연구 Vol.4 No.3

The purpose of this study is to identify what kind of leadership styles on travel agency empirically. Also described are the relationship between these leadership styles and the job satisfaction, the organizational commitment of employee. Leadership is divided into two categories(transactional leadership and transformational leadership). Transformational leadership was more deeply analyzed and the empirical analysis was conducted to apply into the service industry. But we have some other results. In conclusion, there is no leadership style which could be applied in every condition and all kind of leadership should be applied case by case.

A Study on the Imagery of Liu Bang (劉邦) in the Geumhwasa Mongyurok (金華寺夢遊錄)

YANG Pan(YANG Pan) 영남퇴계학연구원 2022 The Journal of Toegye Studies Vol.5 No.2

As the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang made outstanding contributions to the development of the Han nationality in China and the formation of a unified country. So, he has become a key character in many literary works, historical works, folk legends and traditional dramas. The Korean novel Geumhwasa Mongyurok depicts dozens of famous emperors in Chinese history, among which Liu Bang is the most important. When the author portrays the image of Liu Bang, he mainly uses three perspectives, namely, ‘the perspective of a scholar in the dream’, ‘the perspective of Liu Bang himself’ and ‘the perspective of the Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty’. It can be seen from the comparison that the image of Liu Bang in the Geumhwasa Mongyurok demonstrates not only a direct acceptance of Chinese historical books by Korean writers, but also demonstrates unique creations of him by Korean writers. With regard to Liu Bang’s appearance, different versions of the Geumhwasa Mongyurok all take the Chinese historical book Records of the Historian as the basis. But when portraying Liu Bang’s temperament, because there was no specific historical book to refer to, Korean writers used the changing dragon to highlight Liu Bang’s noble temperament as an emperor according to the Chinese cultural tradition. In different versions of Geumhwasa Mongyurok, the authors expressed positive or negative attitudes towards Liu Bang, which is very similar to the way that Chinese drama writers in the Yuan and Ming dynasties used to portray the image of Liu Bang.

Identification and quantification of oleanane triterpenoid saponins and potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities from the roots and rhizomes of Panax stipuleanatus

Pan-Pan Shu,Lu-Xi Li,Qin-Min He,Jun Pan,Xiao-Lei Li,Min Zhu,Ye Yang,Yuan Qu 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.2

Background: Panax stipuleanatus represents a folk medicine for treatment of inflammation. However, lack of experimental data does not confirm its function. This article aims to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of triterpenoid saponins isolated from P. stipuleanatus. Methods: The chemical characterization of P. stipuleanatus allowed the identification and quantitation of two major compounds. Analgesic effects of triterpenoid saponins were evaluated in two models of thermal- and chemical-stimulated acute pain. Anti-inflammatory effects of triterpenoid saponins were also evaluated using four models of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma in mice. Results: Two triterpenoid saponins of stipuleanosides R₁ (SP-R₁) and R₂ (SP-R₂) were isolated and identified from P. stipuleanatus. The results showed that SP-R₁ and SP-R₂ significantly increased the latency time to thermal pain in the hot plate test and reduced the writhing response in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. SP-R₁ and SP-R₂ caused a significant decrease in vascular permeability, ear edema, paw edema, and granuloma formation in inflammatory models. Further studies showed that the levels of inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 6 in paw tissues were downregulated by SP-R₁ and SP-R₂. In addition, the rational harvest of three- to five-year-old P. stipuleanatus was preferable to obtain a higher level of triterpenoid saponins. SP-R₂ showed the highest content in P. stipuleanatus, which had potential as a chemical marker for quality control of P. stipuleanatus. Conclusion: This study provides important basic information about utilization of P. stipuleanatus resources for production of active triterpenoid saponins.

Systematic Review of Single Large and/or Multinodular Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Surgical Resection Improves Survival

Yang, Xiang-Di,Pan, Ling-Hui,Wang, Lin,Ke, Yang,Cao, Ji,Yang, Chun,Zhong, Jian-Hong,Luo, Wang,Guo, Jiao,Li, Le-Qun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13

Background: The role of surgical resection for patients with single large (${\geq}5cm$) and/or multinodular (${\geq}2$) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still controversial. This systematic review was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of resection for patients with single large and/or multinodular HCC. Materials and Methods: Databases (the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases) were systematically searched to identify relevant studies exploring the safety and efficacy of resection for single large and/or multinodular HCC, published between January 2000 and December 2014. Perioperative morbidity and mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival of the resection group were calculated. In addition, these outcome variables were also calculated for the control group in the included studies. Results: One randomized controlled trial and 42 nonrandomized studies involving 9,580 patients were eligible for analysis. Eight (1,594 patients) of the 43 studies also reported the outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Although 51.4% of patients featured cirrhosis, 90.7% of them demonstrated Child-Pugh A liver function in the resection group. The median rates of morbidity (24.5%) and mortality (2.5%) after resection were significantly higher than that of TACE (11.0%, P<0.001; 1.9%, P<0.001). However, patients who underwent resection had significantly higher median one-, three-, and five-year overall survival (76.1%, 51.7%, and 37.4%) than those who underwent TACE (68.3%, 31.5%, and 17.5%, all P<0.001). The median 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS rates after resection were 58.3%, 34.6%, and 24.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Although tumor recurrence after resection for patients with single large and/ or multinodular HCC continues to be a major problem, resection should be considered as a strategy to achieve long-term survival.

Glycosylation modification of human prion protein Provokes apoptosis in Hela cells in vitro

( Yang Yang ),( Lan Chen ),( Hua Zhen Pan ),( Yi Kou ),( Cai Min Xu ) 생화학분자생물학회 2009 BMB Reports Vol.42 No.6

Research on Technology Production in Chinese Virtual Character Industry

Pan, Yang,Kim, KiHong,Yan, JiHui The Institute of Internet 2022 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.14 No.4

The concept of Virtual Character has been developed for a long time with people's demand for cultural and entertainment products such as games, animations, and movies. In recent years, with the rapid development of concepts and industries such as social media, self-media, web3.0, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and Metaverse, Virtual Character has also expanded new derivative concepts such as Virtual Idol, Virtual YouTuber, and Virtual Digital Human. With the development of technology, people's life is gradually moving towards digitalization and virtualization. At the same time, under the global environment of the new crown epidemic, human social activities are rapidly developing in the direction of network society and online society. From the perspective of digital media content, this paper studies the production technology of Virtual Character related products in the Chinese market, and analyzes the future development direction and possibility of the Virtual Character industry in combination with new media development directions and technical production methods. Consider and provide reference for the development of combined applications of digital media content industry, Virtual Character and Metaverse industry.

Analysis of Barrage Culture and User Analysis in New Media Content in the Chinese Market

Yang Pan,김기홍,이색문 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2022 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.14 No.3

Barrage is an interactive method based on video, and the video itself is visualized from the viewer's point of view to play people's emotions, and it already has an advantage in communication by attracting people's attention using stories and plays. Advances in digital and mobile technology have enabled video viewing anytime, anywhere. Due to the nature of the barrage site that relies on the same video content or playback to participate in video sharing through computers or mobile clients, a barrage that can express users' feelings and thoughts will be added, breaking down the limit of content acceptance by a single user. Barrage satisfy users' entertainment needs, and their influence is growing. Gradually, they are heading to offline movie theaters and TV from barrage videos on the Internet. Attempts to function as offline ammunition facilitated technological innovation for media convergence by converging mobile media with PCs and screens. At the same time, the trend of media convergence shown by coal screens is also a trend of overall technological development. A barrage is an extension of human communication skills. The properties of the barrage fit well with the need for experiential marketing (via video). It can provide a visual experience and create an atmosphere of "surrounding and watching" and eliminate loneliness. Barrage itself provides a function to comment on videos, which is a trigger point for the reason, and donation adds to the amount of information in the video, adding to the fun of the video. Through the barrage, sarcastic, teasing, and expressing emotions can bring entertainment experiences, and users can produce and communicate their shooting text while consuming the satisfaction brought by the shooting. At the same time, Barrage attaches great importance to the needs of the masses, is more individual and diversified, and has commercial significance in line with the current development trend of the Internet. As a new interactive method, barrage contains huge potential value. However, the impact of the interactive way of barrage should also be viewed from a dialectical point of view, how to solve the difficulties in the development of barrage. The way to solve the difficulties in the development of barrage is worth studying. This research will analyze the reasons for the development of barrage and the analysis of Chinese barrage websites, the case analysis of barrage videos, the exploration of the characteristics and values of barrage, and the problems in the process of barrage communication. Provide reference for the development of industrial culture.

A new type of multimedia content with Chinese characters as the core-Barrage

Pan, Yang,Kim, KiHong,Yan, JiHui The Institute of Internet 2022 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.11 No.2

Barrage language is a new media language based on Internet video. It is a representative expression of the Internet environment regardless of its format and content. As a unique movie viewing characteristic provided by the barrage function, the timeliness of feedback, entertainment, and interactivity of the content are excellent. Characteristic. Barrage language itself is closely related not only to the value of linguistic research, but also to the spread of the Internet in the Internet environment. Based on the current situation of Chinese video sites, this thesis explores how Barrage is an organic cycle of culture and consumption in a specific platform and group, and analyzes its propagation methods and effects. By analyzing the characteristics of content production patterns unique to the barrage culture, implications and reference values for production activities of other cultures, the effect of popularization on viewers and the production and consumption of the 'barrage' culture of the industry is studied, and furthermore, the 'barrage' culture is It was designed to be a reference for the development of the platform, internet culture, and animation industry culture.