Exploring the Development of E-commerce for Fresh agricultural Products under the Background of E-commerce Law

Yan-Jiao Wan,Zhi-Chun Yu 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2020 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.20 No.6

E-commerce of fresh agricultural products has received China’s attention in recent years. The e-commerce law effectively guides and promotes the e-commerce of fresh agricultural products to develop in a healthy and sustainable direction. The "E-commerce Law" ended the cruel development of new e-commerce, clearly regulated e-commerce behavior and protected the rights and interests of consumers, which was a milestone. China’s fresh agricultural products e-commerce started later than e-commerce. It started in 2005 and developed steadily in 2012, and the pressure it faces in 2020 will increase. Relying on China’s unique huge consumer market and government attention and support, big data is expected to increase the growth rate of global fresh agricultural e-commerce. This paper explores the development of e-commerce for fresh agricultural products in the context of e-commerce law. Within the scope of the e-commerce law, the sustainable development of e-commerce for fresh agricultural products requires the realization of small-scale e-commerce and strengthen the cold chain logistics capabilities of fresh agricultural products e-commerce companies, improve production standardization and intensification, provide a basis for large-scale fresh agricultural product e-commerce procurement, effectively reduce the loss of fresh agricultural products circulation, and make fresh agricultural products much fresher.

Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Chaetominine in a Human Leukemia Cell Line

Jing-Yun Yao,Ruihua Jiao,Changqing Liu,Yupeng Zhang,Wan-Guo Yu,Yan-Hua Lu,Renxiang Tan 한국응용약물학회 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.2

Chaetominine is a quinazoline alkaloid originating from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus CY018. In this study, we showed evidence that chaetominine has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on human leukemia K562 cells and investigated the pathway involved in chaetominine-induced apoptosis in detail. Chaetominine inhibited K562 cell growth, with an IC50 value of 35 nM, but showed little inhibitory effect on the growth of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The high apoptosis rates, morphological apoptotic features, and DNA fragmentation caused by chaetominine indicated that the cytotoxicity was partially caused by its pro-apoptotic effect. Under chaetominine treatment, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was upregulated (from 0.3 to 8), which was followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, and stimulation of Apaf-1. Furthermore, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, which are the main executers of the apoptotic process, was observed. These results demonstrated that chaetominine induced cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Chaetominine inhibited K562 cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death through the intrinsic pathway, which suggests that chaetominine might be a promising therapeutic for leukemia.

북한의 외국인 투자법제 현황과 과제 -중국의 외국인투자법제와의 비교를 중심으로-

박승일 ( Park Soung-il ),만연교 ( Wan Yan-jiao ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2019 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.43

북한의 외국인투자 관련 법제를 살펴보고 북한이 경제발전의 모델로 삼고 있는 중국이 외국 자본의 유치를 위해 2020년 1월 1일부터 시행예정인 외국인투자법과 비교함으로써 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 이에 앞서 그 전제가 되는 문제들로서 북한의 외국투자법제의 체계와 정비과정을 살펴봄으로써 북한의 외국투자법제가 어떤 과정을 거쳐 변천되었는지를 전체적으로 조망해보고, 향후 과제는 무엇인지 살펴보고자 한다. 북한의 외국인투자법제 환경을 살펴보고, 중국의 외국인투자법의 체계와 비교하는 것은 북한의 체제전환과정에서 안정적인 법통합의 토대를 마련하고 통일한국의 외국인투자법제 통합을 대비하는데 그 의미가 있다. 특히 중국의 외자 3법의 통합 성격의 법제인 외국인투자법을 모델로 하여 북한 개혁개방의 본보기로 삼아 외국인 투자법제에 있어서 북한이 지향해야할 법제방향과 대안을 모색하고자 한다. By looking at North Korea’s foreign investment related legislation and comparing it with the Foreign Investment Law that China, which North Korea uses as a model for economic development, will be enacted from January 1, 2020 to attract foreign capital, I want to derive a suggestion. Prior to this, by looking at North Korea’s foreign investment law system and its maintenance process as the underlying issues, let’s take a general look at what process the North Korean foreign investment law goes through, and how it changes, I will try to find out what the future challenges are. Looking at the foreign investment law environment in North Korea and comparing it with the system of foreign investment law in China, it will provide a basis for the integration of stability laws in the process of regime change in North Korea. It makes sense to prepare for the integration of human investment law. In particular, based on the foreign investment law, which is an integrated law of China’s three foreign capital laws, as an example of the reform and opening up of North Korea, let us explore the legal direction and alternatives that North Korea should aim for in the foreign investment law. The purpose of this research is to find out what is the legal issue for the restructuring of North Korean foreign investment legislation. First, we look at the foreign investment legal environment in North Korea and examine the transition process and system of North Korean foreign investment related laws. Since we look at and compare the characteristics and main contents of China’s foreign investment law from now on, we will derive suggestions on the future issues of the North Korean foreign investment law, and restructure the North Korean foreign investment law. Try to present legal issues for.

Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Chaetominine in a Human Leukemia Cell Line

( Jing Yun Yao ),( Rui Hua Jiao ),( Chang Qing Liu ),( Yu Peng Zhang ),( Wan Guo Yu ),( Yan Hua Lu ),( Ren Xiang Tan ) 한국응용약물학회 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.2

Chaetominine is a quinazoline alkaloid originating from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus CY018. In this study, we showed evidence that chaetominine has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on human leukemia K562 cells and investigated the pathway involved in chaetominine-induced apoptosis in detail. Chaetominine inhibited K562 cell growth, with an IC50 value of 35 nM, but showed little inhibitory effect on the growth of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The high apoptosis rates, morphological apoptotic features, and DNA fragmentation caused by chaetominine indicated that the cytotoxicity was partially caused by its pro-apoptotic effect. Under chaetominine treatment, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was upregulated (from 0.3 to 8), which was followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, and stimulation of Apaf-1. Furthermore, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, which are the main executers of the apoptotic process, was observed. These results demonstrated that chaetominine induced cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Chaetominine inhibited K562 cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death through the intrinsic pathway, which suggests that chaetominine might be a promising therapeutic for leukemia.

남･북･중 경제특구제도와 법적 과제

박승일(Park, Soung-Il),만연교(Wan, Yan-Jiao) 한국토지공법학회 2020 土地公法硏究 Vol.91 No.-

In the modern sense, the Special Economic Zone is generally a region which is strategically set for the promotion of certain economic activities through implementation of reciprocal and preferential policy not applicable to other domestic regions in a nation. Recently, the Special Economic Zone has been conceptualized as comprehensive growth poles combined with trade, logistics, finance and technical innovation. In the situation that the trend of global economic growth has been slow down since the financial crisis of 2008, global competition for attracting investment has been escalating. Innovative and dynamic economic growth have been sought by providing better investment climate by nations or cities, attracting foreign investment (FDI), creating more jobs and developing industrial structure. In particular, the competitiveness among nations has been intensifying since globalization phenomenon increased, trade and customs barriers have dropped and the phenomenon of global value chain is generalized. North Korean leader Kim Jong-un prepares active promotion plan for development of Special Economic Zone. We can look at North Korea s strategy for promotion of Special Economic Zone in two ways. First, economic improvement strategy utilizing nation wide economic trade region and local one is refined and knocks on the door of global capital market for attracting investments. Second, for the expansion of foreign capital attraction, the systematic and legal measures, legal system applicable for foreign investment, has been arranged. This paper pays attention to North Korea s active policy for Special Economic Zone in the era of leader Kim Jong-un. North Korea has made its best effort in preparing legal environment for attraction of foreign capital and revitalization of Special Economic Zone by enacting and revising not less than 50 laws, regulations and system for foreign investment up to 2014 since the Joint Venture Act in September, 1984. However, notwithstanding this effort, North Korea has failed to accomplish its expected performance. The first reason why North Korea s performance of attraction of foreign capital is poor even with its policy of Special Economic Zone is sanctions against North Korea due to North Korea nuclear problem. In addition, as for North Korea s leal system for development of its Special Economic Zone, its rules and limited legislation which are more vague to foreign capital investment than other socialism nations which have been successful through reform and opening works as another reason. Different from China and Vietnam, North Korea s legal system related to Special Economic Zone such as its constitutional law fails to clearly set forth its movement into market economy and faces the limit. Moreover, North Korea is still based on the legal system of socialism nation, while other socialism nations have been incorporated into capitalism international economic system and have promoted their legal system related to Special Economic Zone in the direction of compliance with international standard laws and regulations. A plan for legal system improvement of Special Economic Zone in North Korea is the major task during and after the process of unification of South and North Korea. North Korea s legal improvement for Special Economic Zone has significant impact on development of unified Korea even at the aspect of social unification as well as economic aspect. In other words, there is two sides in reorganization of Special Economic Zone. First, the land is important factor in vitalizing economics in the regions of North Korea as available production factor. Second, the land works as an obstructive factor in unification of South and North Korea. Accordingly, for actual unification of Korean Peninsula, we needs a law on unification Special Economic Zone. 현대적 의미에서 경제특구(Special Economic Zone)는 일반적으로 한 국가에서 국내 기타 지역에는 적용되지 않는 특별한 대우(예외적 조치)가 허용되는 특별지역을 통칭하는 것으로 사용되며, 특정한 경제활동을 진홍 시키기 위하여 전략적으로 설정된 지역이다. 최근에는 무역･물류･금융･기술혁신이 결합한 종합적인 성장거점으로 개념화되고 있다. 2008년 금융위기 이후 세계 경제 성장세가 둔화하고 있는 상황에서 전 세계적으로 투자유치를 위한 경쟁이 심화하고 있다. 국가별 또는 도시별로 더욱더 좋은 투자 환경을 제공하여 외국인투자(FDI)를 유치하고 이를 통해 더 많은 일자리를 창출하고, 산업구조를 고도화하여, 혁신적이고 역동적인 경제성장을 도모하고 있다. 특히 기업들의 Global Value Chain 현상이 일반화됨에 따라 세계화 현상이 가속화되면서 무역과 관세 장벽이 낮아지고 국가 간 경쟁은 더욱 심화하고 있다. 김정은 위원장은 경제특구 개발을 위한 적극적인 진흥책을 마련하고 있다. 북한이 경제특구 활성화를 위한 전략은 크게 두 가지로 볼 수 있다. 첫째는 국가 차원의 경제무역지대와 지역 차원의 경제개발구를 활용한 경제개선 전략을 구체화하고 투자유치를 위한 세계 자본시장의 문을 두드리고 있다. 둘째는 외자 유치 확대를 위해 제도적･법적인 조치, 즉 외국인투자 관련 법제를 정비하고 있다. 본 논문은 김정은 시대 북한의 적극적인 경제특구 정책에 주목하고 있다. 북한은 1984년 9월 ｢합영법｣ 을 시작으로 2014년까지 50여 개가 넘는 외국인투자를 위한 법규와 제도를 제･개정하여 외자 유치 및 경제특구 활성화를 위한 법적 환경을 마련하고자 노력해 왔다. 그러나 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 북한이 기대하는 성과는 거두지 못하고 있다. 북한의 경제특구 정책에도 불구하고 외자 유치 실적이 저조한 이유는 북핵 문제로 인한 대북제재가 가장 큰 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 그리고 동시에 경제특구 개발을 위한 법제가 개혁･개방을 통해 성공한 다른 사회주의국가들과 비교할 때 외국 자본이 투자하기에 모호한 규정들과 제한적 입법도 하나의 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 북한의 경제특구 관련 법제는 중국, 베트남 등과 달리 헌법에서 시장경제를 향한 움직임을 명확히 명시하지 않음으로써 한계에 부딪히고 있다. 또한, 이들 사회주의국가가 자본주의 국제경제체제에 편입됨으로써 국제 표준 법규에 부합되는 방향으로 경제특구 관련 법제의 정비를 추진하였지만, 북한은 아직 사회주의국가의 법률체계에 기반하고 있기 때문이다. 북한지역의 경제특구 법제 개선방안은 통일의 과정 및 통일 후에 있어 주요과제이다. 북한경제특구 법제 개선은 경제적 측면과 아울러 사회 통합적 측면에서도 통일 한국의 발전에 지대한 영향이 있다. 즉 경제특구 개편은 첫째, 토지라는 가용생산요소로서 북한지역의 경제 활성화의 주요 요인이라는 측면과 둘째, 한편으로는 통합에 있어 장애 요인으로 작용한다는 양면성이 있다. 따라서 한반도의 실질적인 통합을 위해서는 통일경제특구 법이 필요하다. 이를 통해 통합의 과도기에 나타날 수 있는 혼란과 고통의 최소화와 아울러 경제 활성화의 주요 수단이 마련되는 의미도 있을 것이다. 북한의 경제특구 법제 정비는 북한이 사회주의 체제에서 시장경제체제로 나아 갈 때 가장 핵심적인 요소로 주목받을 가능성이 크다. 사회주의국가들의 사례에서 보는 그것처럼 경제특구 정책과 개발을 통한 경제발전이 개혁･개방과 시장경제를 향한 움직임을 지속할 수 있게 해 줄 것이다. 북한이 경제특구 법제 정비를 통해 개혁･개방의 길로 나아간다면 한반도 평화와 번영의 길은 멀지 않을 것이다.

Improvement of Fumigaclavine C Production in a Two-stage Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus with Molasses as a Cost-effective Ingredient

Yi-Xiang Zhu,WEIWEI HUAN,Ling-yun Yao,Wan-Guo Yu,Ruihua Jiao,Yan-Hua Lu,Renxiang Tan 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.6

Fumigaclavine C (FC), which is produced by Aspergillus fumigatus, is a conidiation-associated ergot alkaloid with significant medical benefits. However, its application is restricted by low yields from submerged cultures. In this study, the technical feasibility of using molasses as a cost-effective ingredient for FC production in a two-stage culture of A. fumigatus was evaluated. The results indicated that molasses supplementation significantly enhanced FC accumulation by promoting conidiation and up-regulating hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. Via the optimization of the two-stage process in the presence of molasses, FC production in shake flasks reached 226.9 mg/L, which was approximately three times that in the original medium (75.9 mg/L). The use of molasses as a cost-effective ingredient for FC fermentation was also successfully reproduced in a lab-scale bioreactor system in which the maximum FC production reached 215.0 mg/L. The FC production obtained in this study is the highest ever reported. This increased efficiency will enable large-scale production of FC and extend the application of molasses as a low-cost substrate for producing other conidiation-related secondary metabolites.