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Shape- and Composition-Sensitive Activity of Pt and PtAu Catalysts for Formic Acid Electrooxidation
Kim, Youngmin,Kim, Hyung Ju,Kim, Yong Seok,Choi, Sung Mook,Seo, Min Ho,Kim, Won Bae American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.116 No.34
<P>In this work, we have probed the shape- and composition-dependent activities of Pt and PtAu catalysts for formic acid electrooxidation. Pt-based hollow nanostructures such as Pt hollow nanospheres (Pt HNSs), Pt nanotubes (Pt NTs), and PtAu alloy nanotubes (PtAu NTs) with controlled Pt:Au compositions are successfully prepared via a galvanic replacement process using sacrificial Ag templates. The physicochemical properties of these Pt and PtAu catalysts are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The electrochemical activities of these hollow structured catalysts are compared for formic acid oxidation by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry methods. Relative to the commercial Pt black and Pt/C nanoparticle catalysts, the hollow nanostructured Pt materials (Pt HNS, Pt NT) exhibit enhanced catalytic activities due to structural effects. Moreover, the bimetallic PtAu NT series shows improved catalytic activities over the monometallic Pt catalysts due to compositional effects. The present study demonstrates that the catalytic activity and the extent of surface poisoning are strongly dependent on both the structural and compositional variations of the nanostructured electrocatalysts, as shown by a systemically prepared series of nanostructured catalysts for formic acid oxidation.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2012/jpccck.2012.116.issue-34/jp3054795/production/images/medium/jp-2012-054795_0013.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp3054795'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Characterization of the Vertical Position of the Trapped Charge in Charge-trap Flash Memory
Kim, Seunghyun,Kwon, Dae Woong,Lee, Sang-Ho,Park, Sang-Ku,Kim, Youngmin,Kim, Hyungmin,Kim, Young Goan,Cho, Seongjae,Park, Byung-Gook The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2017 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.17 No.2
In this paper, the characterization of the vertical position of trapped charges in the charge-trap flash (CTF) memory is performed in the novel CTF memory cell with gate-all-around structure using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. In the CTF memories, injected charges are not stored in the conductive poly-crystalline silicon layer in the trapping layer such as silicon nitride. Thus, a reliable technique for exactly locating the trapped charges is required for making up an accurate macro-models for CTF memory cells. When a programming operation is performed initially, the injected charges are trapped near the interface between tunneling oxide and trapping nitride layers. However, as the program voltage gets higher and a larger threshold voltage shift is resulted, additional charges are trapped near the blocking oxide interface. Intrinsic properties of nitride including trap density and effective capture cross-sectional area substantially affect the position of charge centroid. By exactly locating the charge centroid from the charge distribution in programmed cells under various operation conditions, the relation between charge centroid and program operation condition is closely investigated.
2016 JELL Forum: A Roundtable “The Interface of Literature and Economy”
( Youngmin Kim ) 한국영어영문학회 2017 영어 영문학 Vol.63 No.3
The world has entered into the age of universal economic crisis. In this second decade of the twenty-first century, the long shadow of economic downturn and instability looms over not only traditionally underdeveloped countries and regions, but the superpowers of global economy, such as the US, the EU, and China. At the time when economy is at once a global priority and the source of worldwide anxiety, fear, and uncertainty, and when economic crisis seems to accelerate the crisis of humanities and higher education, the ELLAK organizes an international forum to reconfigure the interface of literature and economy and redefine the social parameters of literary studies. The nexus between literature and economy has never been so dynamic and convoluted as it is today. The theme of the Roundtable was “The Interface of Literature and Economy.” The Chair of the session was Youngmin Kim, the Editor-in Chief of The Journal of English Language and Literature. 10 keynote speakers at the 2016 ELLAK Convention were invited to this roundtable on The Interface of Literature and Economy. The following transcription includes the dialogues of the seven discussants. Their dialogues, which were delivered orally in this roundtable before a large audience, were videotaped and transcribed, and the whole manuscripts were reviewed by the editor. Then, the editor has slightly edited the transcription to change the natural colloquial expressions into readable texts.
( Youngmin Yoon ),( Hyumwoo Kim ),( Sunae Han ),( Hyungnam Kim ),( Donghyun Kim ),( Ran Hong ),( Hyunlee Kim ),( Jonghoon Chung ),( Byungchul Shin ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a syndrome of intrinsic renal injury secondary to ischemic or toxic causes without parenchymal damages and usually non-oliguira. A 20- year old man presented with acute anuric renal failure preceded by 2 days of watery diarrhea. He had been anuria for 36hr with intravenous fiuid therapy. Oliguria persisted for 10 days and he required hemodialysis support for 6 days before renal recovery. He denied the use of any regular medication and any intravenous drug use. Renal biopsy revealed severe ATN. Histopathologic findings were marked desquamation of proximal tubular epithelial cells with intact distal tubules and normal glomeruli. We report an unusual case of ATN with anuria and clinically severe features.
Kim Sinae,Nguyen Tam T.,Taitt Afeisha S.,전현정,Park Ho-Young,Kim Sung-Han,Kim Yong-Gil,Song Eun Young,Lee Youngmin,Yum Hokee,Shin Kyeong-Cheol,Choi Yang Kyu,송창선,Yeom Su Cheong,Kim Byoungguk,Netea Mihai 대한면역학회 2021 Immune Network Vol.21 No.6
Recently, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (B.1.1.529) Omicron variant originated from South Africa in the middle of November 2021. SARS-CoV-2 is also called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. Several studies already suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant would be the fastest transmissible variant compared to the previous 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, interest, and alert. Few clinical studies reported the high transmissibility of the Omicron variant but there is insufficient time to perform actual experiments to prove it, since the spread is so fast. We analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which revealed a very high rate of mutation at amino acid residues that interact with angiostatin-converting enzyme 2. The mutation rate of COVID-19 is faster than what we prepared vaccine program, antibody therapy, lockdown, and quarantine against COVID-19 so far. Thus, it is necessary to find better strategies to overcome the current crisis of COVID-19 pandemic.