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Bioanode of Polyurethane/Graphite/Polypyrrole Composite in Microbial Fuel Cells
Pedro Perez-Rodriguez,Víctor M. Ovando-Medina,Silvia Y. Martinez-Amador,Jose A. Rodriguez-de la Garza 한국생물공학회 2016 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.21 No.2
Polyurethane (PU) foams were coated with graphite, and pyrrole monomer was subsequently polymerized onto its surface by chemical oxidization to obtain nanostructured polyurethane/graphite/polypyrrole (PU/Graph/PPy) composites, which were used for anaerobic microorganisms grown and tested as anodes in microbial fuel cells (MFC) using municipal wastewater as fuel. The effects of oxidizing agent type (ammonium persulfate and FeCl3) used in pyrrole polymerization on the performance of electrodes in MFC were studied. Composites were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and by the four-point probes to determine conductivity. It was observed from SEM analysis that globular nanostructures of PPy were formed onto PU surface with average diameters between 120 and 450 nm, which are typical of aqueous polymerization of pyrrole monomer. The highest output power density observed in MFCs was 305.5 mW/m3 for the composite synthesized using FeCl3 as the oxidant, and 128.6 mW/m3 using the composite obtained with ammonium persulfate as oxidizing; the corresponding chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were 48.2 and 45.5%, respectively. The calculated coulombic efficiency for PU/Graph/PPy composite obtained with FeCl3 as oxidant was of 9.4%. Internal resistance of MFC using the composite obtained with FeCl3 as oxidant was determined by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and the variable resistance (VR) methods, giving 4.8 and 2.9 kΩ, respectively, with average maximum power density of 237.5 mW/m3.
Perinatal/Postnatal Study of D-003, a Mixture of Long-Chain Fatty Acids, in Rats
M.D. Rodriguez,J.E. Gonzalez,E.F. Leon,A. Gutierrez,G. Marrero,R. Gamez,H Garcia,,E Goicochea,Y. Rodriguez,A. Gomez 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.2
D-003 is a mixture of long-chain fatty acids isolated and purified from sugar cane wax with cholesterol-low-ering and antiplatelet effects. In order to further characterize the developmental toxicity during the treatment period from lategestation up to weaning of the offspring, pregnant females received 0 (control), 500, and 1,000 mg/kg/day D-003 daily byoral gavage beginning at day 15 of pregnancy and through gestation until day 21 postpartum. Maternal clinical signs, bodyweight, and food intake were measured at regular intervals during gestation and lactation. Live pups were weighed, sexed,and examined for developmental signs. One female and male of each litter were randomly selected to evaluate the reproduc-tive potential. There were no spontaneous or dose-related maternal deaths during the course of this study. The general healthand behavioral condition of offspring was good in all groups. No significant differences among groups were found in com-parisons of litter size, survival through the weaning period, sex ratio, and male and female weights. This peri- and postnatalstudy conducted with D-003 in rats indicated that treatment of the dam during late gestation and lactation did not show ad-versely effects on reproductive performance or fetal development over two generations.
Real-time detection of acetylcholine release from the human endocrine pancreas
Rodriguez-Diaz, Rayner,Dando, Robin,Huang, Y Anthony,Berggren, Per-Olof,Roper, Stephen D,Caicedo, Alejandro Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2012 Nature protocols Vol.7 No.6
Neurons, sensory cells and endocrine cells secrete neurotransmitters and hormones to communicate with other cells and to coordinate organ and system function. Validation that a substance is used as an extracellular signaling molecule by a given cell requires a direct demonstration of its secretion. In this protocol we describe the use of biosensor cells to detect neurotransmitter release from endocrine cells in real-time. Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor M3 were used as ACh biosensors to record ACh release from human pancreatic islets. We show how ACh biosensors loaded with the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> indicator Fura-2 and pressed against isolated human pancreatic islets allow the detection of ACh release. The biosensor approach is simple; the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signal generated in the biosensor cell reflects the presence (release) of a neurotransmitter. The technique is versatile because biosensor cells expressing a variety of receptors can be used in many applications. The protocol takes ?? h.
Lee, C.-H.,Chen, Y.-G.,Chen, J.,Reifsnyder, P. C.,Serreze, D. V.,Clare-Salzler, M.,Rodriguez, M.,Wasserfall, C.,Atkinson, M. A.,Leiter, E. H. American Diabetes Association 2006 Diabetes Vol.55 No.1
<P>Recently, we identified in normally type 1 diabetes-prone NOD/LtJ mice a spontaneous new leptin receptor (LEPR) mutation (designated Lepr(db-5J)) producing juvenile obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia. This early type 2 diabetes syndrome suppressed intra-islet insulitis and permitted spontaneous diabetes remission. No significant differences in plasma corticosterone, splenic CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cell percentages, or functions of CD3(+) T-cells in vitro distinguished NOD wild-type from mutant mice. Yet splenocytes from hyperglycemic mutant donors failed to transfer type 1 diabetes into NOD.Rag1(-/-) recipients over a 13-week period, whereas wild-type donor cells did so. This correlated with significantly reduced (P < 0.01) frequencies of insulin and islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein-reactive CD8(+) T-effector clonotypes in mutant mice. Intra-islet insulitis was also significantly suppressed in lethally irradiated NOD-Lepr(db-5J)/Lt recipients reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow (P < 0.001). In contrast, type 1 diabetes eventually developed when mutant marrow was transplanted into irradiated wild-type recipients. Mitogen-induced T-cell blastogenesis was significantly suppressed when splenic T-cells from both NOD/Lt and NOD-Lepr(db-5J)/Lt donors were incubated with irradiated mutant peritoneal exudate cells (P < 0.005). In conclusion, metabolic disturbances elicited by a type 2 diabetes syndrome (insulin and/or leptin resistance, but not hypercorticism) appear to suppress type 1 diabetes development in NOD-Lepr(db-5J)/Lt by inhibiting activation of T-effector cells.</P>
William J. Collins,Andrew Y. Chang,Yingjie Weng,Alex Dahlen,Connor G. O'Brien,Jason Hom,Neera Ahuja,Fatima Rodriguez,Nidhi Rohatgi 대한비만학회 2022 Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome Vol.31 No.3
Background: The mechanism for possible association between obesity and poor clinical outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed 22,915 adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized from March 2020 to April 2021 to non-intensive care using the American Heart Association National COVID Registry. A multivariable Poisson model adjusted for age, sex, medical history, admission respiratory status, hospitalization characteristics, and laboratory findings was used to calculate length of stay (LOS) as a function of body mass index (BMI). We similarly analyzed 5,327 patients admitted to intensive care for comparison. Results: Relative to normal BMI subjects, overweight, class I obese, and class II obese patients had approximately half-day reductions in LOS (–0.469 days, P<0.01; –0.480 days, P<0.01; –0.578 days, P<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: The model identified a dose-dependent, inverse relationship between BMI category and LOS for COVID-19, which was not seen when the model was applied to critically ill patients.
Magnetoresistance (MR) of twisted bilayer graphene on electron transparent substrate
Hong, S.J.,Rodriguez-Manzo, J.A.,Kim, K.H.,Park, M.,Baek, S.J.,Kholin, D.I.,Lee, M.,Choi, E.S.,Jeong, D.H.,Bonnell, D.A.,Mele, E.J.,Drndic, M.,Johnson, A.,Park, Y.W. Elsevier Sequoia] 2016 Synthetic metals Vol.216 No.-
We studied the magnetoresistance (MR) of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) on electron transparent substrate. Samples of tBLG were assembled on free-standing silicon nitride (SiN<SUB>x</SUB>) membranes (<100nm thick) by transferring chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown single layer graphene (SLG) twice; this allowed the measurement of the angle of rotation between the two layers, the twist angle, by electron diffraction using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). To compare with the previous reports on tBLG, we performed Raman spectroscopy on our samples. We measured the MR of tBLG for two different twist angles: 2<SUP>o</SUP> (small) and 18<SUP>o</SUP> (large). The MR showed superposition of two Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) oscillations for both angles. An analysis of the oscillation peaks by Landau fan diagrams showed difference as twist angle. While the large twist angle (18<SUP>o</SUP>) sample had two anomalous π Berry's phases, the small twist angle (2<SUP>o</SUP>) sample had conventional 2π and anomalous π Berry's phase depending on carrier density.
Experimental Characterisation of a Biologically Inspired 3D Steering Needle
Christopher Burrows,Riccardo Secoli,Ferdinando Rodriguez y Baena 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Percutaneous intervention is a popular minimally invasive surgical technique, as it offers many potential advantages for the patient. Research efforts to date have focussed on improving the accuracy and applicability of this procedure through robotic control, in particular with the application of needle steering systems. Previously, we demonstrated two-dimensional (2D) steering within gelatine, with a prototype of a novel biologically inspired multi-segment needle, the STING. Then, a novel ‘programmable bevel’ concept, where the steering angle of the needle is a function of the offset between segments, was used to control the trajectory taken within the steering plane. This paper presents our first attempt to demonstrate controllable three-dimensional (3D) steering with a new four-segment prototype of the STING. We show that an approximately linear relationship exists between segment offset and curvature of the tip path for a single leading segment, as well as for two segments which are moved forward of the others by an equal amount. This characterisation is then demonstrated with 3D open loop experiments, which show that the established behaviour is applicable for controlled 3D steering along eight principal directions.
Kadara, H,Choi, M,Zhang, J.,Parra, E.R.,Rodriguez-Canales, J.,Gaffney, S.G.,Zhao, Z.,Behrens, C.,Fujimoto, J.,Chow, C.,Yoo, Y.,Kalhor, N.,Moran, C.,Rimm, D.,Swisher, S.,Gibbons, D.L.,Heymach, J.,Kafta Elsevier 2017 ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY Vol.28 No.1
<P>Conclusion(s): Our study highlights molecular and immune phenotypes that warrant further analysis for their roles in clinical outcomes and personalized immune-based therapy of LUAD.</P>