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Immunochromatographic Strip Assay for Detection of Cronobacter sakazakii in Pure Culture
( Xinjie Song ),( Shruti Shukla ),( Gibaek Lee ),( Myunghee Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.11
Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is a foodborne pathogen, posing a high risk of disease to infants and immunocompromised individuals. In order to develop a quick, easy, and sensitive assay for detecting C. sakazakii, a rabbit anti-C. sakazakii immunoglobulin G (IgG) was developed using sonicated cell protein from C. sakazakii. The developed anti-C. sakazakii (IgG) was of good quality and purity, as well as species-specific. The developed rabbit anti-C. sakazakii IgG was attached to the surface of a sulforhodamine B-encapsulated liposome to form an immunoliposome. A test strip was then prepared by coating goat anti-rabbit IgG onto the control line and rabbit anti-C. sakazakii IgG onto the test line, respectively, of a plastic-backed nitrocellulose membrane. A purple color signal both on the test line and the control line indicated the presence of C. sakazakii in the sample, whereas purple color only on the control line indicated the absence of C. sakazakii in the sample. This immunochromatographic strip assay could produce results in 15 min with a limit of detection of 107 CFU/ml in C. sakazakii culture. The immunochromatographic strip assay also showed very good specificity without cross-reactivity with other tested Cronobacter species. Based on these results, the developed immunochromatographic strip assay is efficient for the detection of C. sakazakii and has high potential for on-site detection.
Cronobacter Species in Powdered Infant Formula and Their Detection Methods
Xinjie Song,Hui Teng,Lei Chen,Myunghee Kim 한국축산식품학회 2018 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.38 No.2
Cronobacter species have been associated with disease outbreaks and sporadic infections, particularly in premature and immunocompromised infants. Cronobacter species can cause foodborne infections such as neonatal meningitis, septicaemia and necrotising enterocolitis. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to control and monitor the Cronobacter speciesin food, especially in powdered infant formula (PIF) and other baby foods. Therefore, in this review, the isolation and prevalence of Cronobacter species in infant food including PIF and the recent advance of detection methods are discussed for the better understanding on the current research status of Cronobacter species.
Song, Xinjie,Shukla, Shruti,Kim, Myunghee Elsevier 2018 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Vol.72 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Cronobacter</I> species are foodborne pathogens that can affect the human central nervous system. Survivors of <I>Cronobacter</I> infections often suffer from severe neurological impairments, including hydrocephalus, quadriplegia, and developmental delays in all ages, especially in infants and the immunocompromised. Moreover, <I>Cronobacter</I> species pose a high risk in powdered infant formula (PIF) because PIF is a major source of nutrition for infants worldwide. To develop a rapid and sensitive detection method for <I>Cronobacter</I> species in PIF, immunoliposomes and immunomagnetic nanoparticles were synthesized, after which an immunoliposome-based immunomagnetic concentration and separation assay was developed and applied to PIF for the detection of <I>Cronobacter</I> species. The detection limits of the developed assay were 5.9 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> ± 0.7–4.8 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> ± 0.2 CFU/mL for <I>Cronobacter</I> species in pure culture with no cross-reactivity with 13 other tested non-<I>Cronobacter</I> strains. Additionally, the developed assay could provide results in 3 h when the contaminated level was higher than 10<SUP>4</SUP> CFU/25 g PIF and in 9 h when the contaminated level was 10 CFU/25 g PIF. The developed immunoliposome-based immunomagnetic concentration and separation assay is rapid, sensitive, and simple and thus has great potential for use in the detection of <I>Cronobacter</I> species in PIF.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An an immunoliposome and an immnomagnetic nanoparticle were synthesized with anti-<I>Cronobacter</I> IgG. </LI> <LI> The developed assay can provide results in 3 h and 9 h with high and low contaminated level of <I>Cronobacter</I>species. </LI> <LI> The developed assay is efficient for the detection of <I>Cronobacter</I> species in powdered infant formula. </LI> </UL> </P>
송신지에,김명희,Song, Xinjie,Kim, Myunghee The Korean Society of Food and Nutrition 2013 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.26 No.4
Cronobacter muytjensii는 유아용 조제분유(IFP)의 잠재적 위험요인으로 중요한 식품 기인성 병원균이다. 이 연구에서는 C. muytjensii 검지를 위한 특이적 면역글로불린 G(IgG)를 개발하고, 이 anti-C. muytjensii IgG를 이용하여 간접 비경쟁 효소면역측정법(INC-ELISA)을 개발하였다. 그 결과, 새롭게 개발한 INC-ELISA 방법은 C. muytjensii에 매우 민감하고, 순수배양 시 $6.5{\times}10^3CFU/ml$의 검출한계와 유아용 조제분유에서 1 cell/25 g의 검출한계를 나타내었다. INC-ELISA 방법은 또한 C. muytjensii에 탁월한 특이성을 보이고, Cronobacter 속 외 11종의 다른 식품 기인성 병원균 계통과의 교차반응을 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는, 개발된 INC-ELISA 방법이 C. muytjensii에 매우 민감하고 효율적이며, 신속하고 용이한 검출을 위한 진단 키트 개발에 적용할 수 있음을 시사한다. Cronobacter muytjensii is an important foodborne pathogen as a potential risk in infant formula powder (IFP). To develop a new and sensitive method for the detection of Cronobacter spp. in IFP, an immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for C. muytjensii (formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii ATCC 51329) was developed. Further, an indirect noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (INC-ELISA) was developed by using the anti-C. muytjensii IgG. As a result, this newly developed INC-ELISA method was found very sensitive for C. muytjensii with detection limit of $6.5{\times}10^3CFU/ml$ in pure culture and 1 cell/25 g of IFP. This INC-ELISA method also displayed excellent specificity for C. muytjensii showing no cross-reactivity with other strains of Cronobacter genus and 11 other foodborne pathogenic strains. These results show that the developed INC-ELISA method was very sensitive, efficient, and rapid for the detection of C. muytjensii. Hence, this method could be applied to the development of diagnostic kits for the rapid and easy detection of C. muytjensii.
Gu, Cuiping,Song, Xinjie,Zhang, Simin,Ryu, Si Ok,Huang, Jiarui Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.714 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hierarchical α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanotubes are facially synthesized via a sacrificial template strategy without chemical etching, and are then employed as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). FeC<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O nanorods are used as the sacrificial template to prepare nanotubes consisting of numerous nanosheets. The resultant hierarchical hollow structures possess an inter-diameter range of 400–600 nm and exhibit a large specific surface area. The as-prepared hierarchical nanotubes demonstrate remarkable improvement in cycling stability (500 cycles) and a reversible Li<SUP>+</SUP> storage capacity as high as 764.2 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 0.5 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>. This excellent electrochemical performance suggests that the hierarchical α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanotubes prepared herein are promising candidate anode materials for LIBs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hierarchical α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanotubes were obtained via a sacrificial template strategy. </LI> <LI> The hierarchical α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanotubes exhibited high lithium ion storage performance. </LI> <LI> High performance was attributed to the tubular structure and large surface area. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Hierarchical α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanotubes obtained via a sacrificial template strategy followed by calcination process, showed excellent lithium ion storage performances.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Fascia Suture Technique Is a Simple Approach to Reduce Postmastectomy Seroma Formation
Yizi Cong,Jianqiao Cao,Guangdong Qiao,Song Zhang,Xinjie Liu,Xiaoming Fang,Haidong Zou,Shiguang Zhu 한국유방암학회 2020 Journal of breast cancer Vol.23 No.5
Purpose: Seroma formation is a common complication in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy, and it negatively affects patient recovery after surgery. The present study aimed to evaluate a simple method using fascia suture technique to fix the flap and reduce the incidence of seroma. Methods: A single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial was carried out among 160 patients who had undergone mastectomy from May 2018 to September 2019. All patients were randomly divided into the fascia suture group (n = 80) or control group (n = 80) and were followed up for at least 3 months for the assessment of immediate and late complications after surgery. Results: No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups with regard to the basic characteristics. Duration of surgery in the fascia suture group was longer by about 6 minutes compared with that in the control group (114.93 ± 13.67 minutes vs. 108.81 ± 15.20 minutes, p = 0.008). The fascia suture group had a shorter duration of drain placement (10.99 ± 3.26 days vs. 13.85 ± 5.37 days, p < 0.001), a smaller volume of the total drainage (460.95 ± 242.92 mL vs. 574.83 ± 285.23 mL, p = 0.007), and the first 3-day drainage (224.96 ± 101.01 mL vs. 272.3 ± 115.47 mL, p = 0.006), compared with the control group. The incidence of seroma formation (G2 or G3) was significantly lower in the fascia suture group compared with the control group (28.8% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.033). Besides, there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in the assessment of other complications, including postoperative pain, hematoma, surgical site infections, flap necrosis, and skin dimpling (all p > 0.050). Conclusion: The fascia suture technique is a simple and effective method for reducing seroma formation and should be used to prevent seroma formation after mastectomy.