An Experimental Observation of Kislocation Nucleation Based on the Peierls Concept

Xing, Y . M .,Dai, F . L .,Yang, W . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.7 No.1

The HREM-moue method developed by Dai and Xing [1] is an experimental technique which allows for the direct measurement of such parameters as displacement, strain and dislocation in the nanoscopic range. This technique was used to measure the nanoscopic deformation field near the tip of a quasi-cleavage crack in silicon. A process of dislocation nucleation was observed. A long dislocation extending about 600 burgers vectors was found at the crack tip and the slip distribution along it was measured. This distributed dislocation has a similar slip structure to the one based on the Peierls concept described by Rice [2], but has a much longer slip range. The nanoscopic strain distribution near the crack tip was obtained. There is a strain field controlled by linear elastic fracture mechanics at the very vicinity of the crack tip.

Study on slamming pressure calculation formula of plunging breaking wave on sloping sea dike

Xing Yang 대한조선학회 2017 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.9 No.4

Plunging breaker slamming pressures on vertical or sloping sea dikes are one of the most severe and dangerous loads that sea dike structures can suffer. Many studies have investigated the impact forces caused by breaking waves for maritime structures including sea dikes and most predictions of the breaker forces are based on empirical or semi-empirical formulae calibrated from laboratory experiments. However, the wave breaking mechanism is complex and more research efforts are still needed to improve the accuracy in predicting breaker forces. This study proposes a semi-empirical formula, which is based on impulseemomentum relation, to calculate the slamming pressure due to plunging wave breaking on a sloping sea dike. Compared with some measured slamming pressure data in two literature, the calculation results by the new formula show reasonable agreements. Also, by analysing probability distribution function of wave heights, the proposed formula can be converted into a probabilistic expression form for convenience only.

Histological Changes of Cervical Disc Tissue in Patients with Degenerative Ossification

Yang Xiong,Ying-Li Yang,Yu-Shan Gao,Xiu-Mei Wang,Xing Yu 대한신경외과학회 2022 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.65 No.2

Objective : To explore the histological feature of the cervical disc degeneration in patients with degenerative ossification (DO) and its potential mechanisms. Methods : A total of 96 surgical segments, from cervical disc degenerative disease patients with surgical treatment, were divided into ossification group (group O, n=46) and non-ossification group (group NO, n=50) based on preoperative radiological exams. Samples of disc tissues and osteophytes were harvested during the decompression operation. The hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining and Safranin O-fast green staining were used to compare the histological differences between the two groups. And the distribution and content of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 between the two groups were compared by a semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Results : For all the disc tissues, the content of disc cells and collagen fibers decreased gradually from the outer annulus fibrosus (OAF) to the central nucleus pulposus (NP). Compared with group NO, the number of disc cells in group O increased significantly. But for proteoglycan in the inner annulus fibrosus (IAF) and NP, the content in group O decreased significantly. IHC analysis showed that TGF-β1, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 were detected in all tissues. For group O, the content of TGF-β1 in the OAF and NP was significantly higher than that in group NO. For p-Smad2 in IAF and p-Smad3 in OAF, the content in group O were significantly higher than group NO. Conclusion : Histologically, cervical disc degeneration in patients with DO is more severe than that without DO. Local higher content of TGF-β1, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 are involved in the disc degeneration with DO. Further studies with multi-approach analyses are needed to better understand the role of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway in the disc degeneration with DO.

The conditional risk probability-based seawall height design method

Xing Yang,Xiaodong Hu,Zhiqing Li 대한조선학회 2015 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.7 No.6

The determination of the required seawall height is usually based on the combination of wind speed (or wave height) and still water level according to a specified return period, e.g., 50-year return period wind speed and 50- year return period still water level. In reality, the two variables are be partially correlated. This may be lead to overdesign (costs) of seawall structures. The above-mentioned return period for the design of a seawall depends on economy, society and natural environment in the region. This means a specified risk level of overtopping or damage of a seawall structure is usually allowed. The aim of this paper is to present a conditional risk probability-based seawall height design method which incorporates the correlation of the two variables. For purposes of demonstration, the wind speeds and water levels collected from Jiangsu of China are analyzed. The results show this method can improve seawall height design accuracy.

Law and Early Warning of Vertical Sluice Cluster Displacements in Soft Coastal Soil

Xing Yang,Cong Yuan,Miao Hou,Chengyang Zhou,Yan Ju,Fei Qi 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.2

The vertical displacement, which is the product of natural sources and human activities, is the key factor affecting the sluice safety. This study provides a systematic approach used for analyzing the law and early warning of sluice cluster vertical displacements in coastal soft soil locations. Two important methods, including probability analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), are used to obtain the necessary information in this study. Among them, PCA is mainly used to identify the risk indices during vertical deformations of sluice cluster. As case studies, 27 sluices in a cluster in Northern Jiangsu Province's coastal area in China are chosen and 14 variables related to sluice uplift, settlement and differential settlement deformations are used. The PCA and additional evidence from the sluice deformation law are used to identify three variables as risk indices, including maximum differential settlement (MMDS), maximum cumulative vertical settlement (MCVS) and maximum cumulative vertical uplift (MCVU). This study divides the risk levels into five grades (i.e., Level 1 to Level 5) based on the selected risk indices and determines their risk thresholds based on the in-situ deformation data from 2010 to 2020. In general, the results demonstrate that the newly proposed approach exhibits an acceptable performance. However, the influence of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties on this study is worthy of further discussion in the future.

Codon Usage Bias and Determining Forces in Taenia solium Genome

Xing Yang,Xusheng Ma,Xuenong Luo,Houjun Ling,Xichen Zhang,Xuepeng Cai 대한기생충학열대의학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.53 No.6

m6A-mediated upregulation of AC008 promotes osteoarthritis progression through the miR-328-3p‒AQP1/ANKH axis

Yang Jiashu,Zhang Ming,Yang Dawei,Ma Yunfei,Tang Yuting,Xing Mengying,Li Lingyun,Chen Li,Jin Yucui,Ma Changyan 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of osteoarthritis (OA), but the biological roles and clinical significance of most lncRNAs in OA are not fully understood. Microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs between normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. We found that AC008440.5 (abbreviated AC008), as well as AQP1 and ANKH, were highly expressed in osteoarthritic cartilage, whereas miR-328-3p was expressed at a low level in osteoarthritic cartilage. Functional assays showed that ectopic expression of AC008, AQP1, and ANKH significantly decreased chondrocyte viability and promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, whereas knockdown of AC008, AQP1, and ANKH resulted in the opposite effects. Moreover, miR-328-3p overexpression increased chondrocyte viability and attenuated chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation, whereas inhibition of miR-328-3p resulted in the opposite effects. Bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase assays revealed that AC008 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate miR-328-3p, which specifically targeted the AQP1 and ANKH genes. In addition, miR-328-3p significantly ameliorated MIA-induced OA, whereas AC008 accelerated OA progression in vivo. Furthermore, fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO)-mediated N6-methyladenosine demethylation downregulated AC008 transcription, while lower FTO expression led to upregulation of AC008 transcription in OA. In conclusion, our data reveal that AC008 plays a critical role in OA pathogenesis via the miR-328-3p‒AQP1/ANKH pathway, suggesting that AC008 may be a potential therapeutic target for OA.

Effects of different biochar amendments on carbon loss and leachate characterization from an agricultural soil

Yang, Xing Ya,Chang, Kwang-Hyeon,Kim, You Jin,Zhang, Jin,Yoo, Gayoung Elsevier 2019 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.226 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Selection of an appropriate biochar as a soil amendment requires a thorough investigation of the effects on soil ecosystems and adjacent water systems via leaching. Different biochar characteristics influence retention or leaching of different soil and biochar components. A lab lysimeter study was conducted to investigate carbon (C) balance and leachate quality with biochar additions. Biochar made from wood pellets (WP) and sewage sludge (SS) produced at 400 °C (WP400 and SS400) and 700 °C (WP700 and SS700), respectively, were applied to silt loam soil at an application rate of 4%. Fluorescence excitation-emission spectrophotometry (EEMs) was utilized to understand the compositional changes in leachate dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Our results show that DOC contributed the largest portion of C leaching loss. The WP treatments increased DOC mass loss, but did not significantly change leachate DOC quality. SS400, in comparison, increased mass loss of DOC and SS700 decreased it probably due to its higher adsorptive capacity to DOC. Unlike WP treatments, SS treatments significantly changed leachate DOC quality. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced with SS400 and SS700 biochar additions, which is assumed to be related to SS biochar's high oxygen-containing surface functional groups. Reduction in total nitrogen (TN) leaching by WP700 and SS700 treatments might be related to the higher micropore surface area. Over all, our findings imply that changes in the different components of the leachate from biochar-amended soil are related to different biochar properties, such as labile matter content, total surface area, micropore volume and cation exchange capacity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> DOC contributed the largest portion of C leaching loss from biochar added soils. </LI> <LI> Leachate properties of biochar addition were related to biochar characteristics. </LI> <LI> Wood pellet biochar increased DOC leaching but did not influence DOC quality. </LI> <LI> Sewage sludge biochar (700 °C) reduced COD/TN leaching and retained humic substances. </LI> </UL> </P>

Macrophage Activation by an Acidic Polysaccharide Isolated from Angelica Sinensis (Oliv.) Diels

( Xing Bin Yang ),( Yan Zhao ),( Hai Fang Wang ),( Qi Bing Mei ) 생화학분자생물학회 2007 BMB Reports Vol.40 No.5

Study on slamming pressure calculation formula of plunging breaking wave on sloping sea dike

Yang, Xing The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2017 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.9 No.4

Plunging breaker slamming pressures on vertical or sloping sea dikes are one of the most severe and dangerous loads that sea dike structures can suffer. Many studies have investigated the impact forces caused by breaking waves for maritime structures including sea dikes and most predictions of the breaker forces are based on empirical or semi-empirical formulae calibrated from laboratory experiments. However, the wave breaking mechanism is complex and more research efforts are still needed to improve the accuracy in predicting breaker forces. This study proposes a semi-empirical formula, which is based on impulse-momentum relation, to calculate the slamming pressure due to plunging wave breaking on a sloping sea dike. Compared with some measured slamming pressure data in two literature, the calculation results by the new formula show reasonable agreements. Also, by analysing probability distribution function of wave heights, the proposed formula can be converted into a probabilistic expression form for convenience only.