Ferroelectric Properties of MBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (M = Sr, Pb, Ca) Thin Films

XIANYU, WEN,WON, TAE-YOUNG,LEE, WAN Taylor Francis 2004 Integrated ferroelectrics Vol.65 No.1

<P>Among the ferroelectric bismuth layered perovskites belonging to Aurivillius family, the MBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (MBT15, M=Sr, Ca, Pb) thin films have been fabricated by a chemical solution deposition technique, and their structures and ferroelectric properties were investigated in this work. The SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (SBT15) film fabricated on IrO 2 presented the highest remanent polarization (P r ) among the films in this series. It demonstrated a saturated hysteresis loop at 5 V with P r of 19&mgr;C/cm 2 and coercive field (P s ) of 116 kV/cm. The PbBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (PBT15) thin films were selectively controlled in c-axis and off-c-axis orientation on Pt layer by adjusting the annealing condition. The off-c-axis oriented PbBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 film demonstrated considerably higher P r (8.7&mgr;C/cm 2 ) than that of c-axis oriented film (3.7&mgr;C/cm 2 ). Regardless of grain orientation, however, PBT15 films were not fatigued up to 10 10 cycles under 9V application. The CaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (CBT15) thin films were also produced on Pt and IrO 2 electrode, respectively, by controlling the annealing condition. The CBT15 film on IrO 2 presented higher P r (∼⃒10.8&mgr;C/cm 2 ) than that of film (∼⃒6.7&mgr;C/cm 2 ) on Pt.†Present address: Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 111, Suwon 440-600, Korea</P>

Boeravinone B, a natural rotenoid, inhibits osteoclast differentiation through modulating NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways

Xianyu Piao,Jung-Woo Kim,Moonjung Hyun,Zhao Wang,Suk-Gyun Park,In A Cho,Je-Hwang Ryu,Bin-Na Lee,Ju Han Song,Jeong-Tae Koh 생화학분자생물학회 2023 BMB Reports Vol.56 No.10

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern, which requiresnovel therapeutic strategies to prevent or mitigate bone loss. Natural compounds have attracted attention as potential therapeuticagents due to their safety and efficacy. In this study, weinvestigated the regulatory activities of boeravinone B (BOB), anatural rotenoid isolated from the medicinal plant Boerhaviadiffusa, on the differentiation of osteoclasts and mesenchymalstem cells (MSCs), the two main cell components responsiblefor bone remodeling. We found that BOB inhibited osteoclastdifferentiation and function, as determined by TRAP stainingand pit formation assay, with no significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore,our results showing that BOB ameliorates ovariectomyinducedbone loss demonstrated that BOB is also effective invivo. BOB exerted its inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis bydownregulating the RANKL/RANK signaling pathways, includingNF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, resulting in the suppression ofosteoclast-specific gene expression. Further experiments revealedthat, at least phenomenologically, BOB promotes osteoblast differentiationof bone marrow-derived MSCs but inhibits their differentiationinto adipocytes. In conclusion, our study demonstratesthat BOB inhibits osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteoblastogenesisin vitro by regulating various signaling pathways. Thesefindings suggest that BOB has potential value as a novel therapeuticagent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Improved results of LINE-1 methylation analysis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues with the application of a heating step during the DNA extraction process

Wen, Xianyu,Jeong, Seorin,Kim, Younghoon,Bae, Jeong Mo,Cho, Nam Yun,Kim, Jung Ho,Kang, Gyeong Hoon BioMed Central 2017 CLINICAL EPIGENETICS Vol.9 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are important resources for profiling DNA methylation changes and for studying a variety of diseases. However, formalin fixation introduces inter-strand crosslinking, which might cause incomplete bisulfite conversion of unmethylated cytosines, which might lead to falsely elevated measurements of methylation levels in pyrosequencing assays. Long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) is a major constituent of repetitive transposable DNA elements, and its methylation is referred to correlates with global DNA methylation. To identify whether formalin fixation might impact the measured values of methylation in LINE-1 repetitive elements and whether prolonged heat-induced denaturation of DNA might reduce the artificial increases in measured values caused by formalin fixation, we analyzed paired fresh-frozen (FF) and FFPE xenograft tissue samples for their methylation levels in LINE-1 using a pyrosequencing assay. To further confirm the effect of a heating step in the measurement of LINE-1 or single gene methylation levels, we analyzed FFPE tissue samples of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer for their methylation status in LINE-1 and eight single genes, respectively.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Formalin fixation led to an increase in the measured values of LINE-1 methylation regardless of the duration of fixation. Prolonged heating of the DNA at 95 °C for 30 min before bisulfite conversion was found (1) to decrease the discrepancy in the measured values between the paired FF and FFPE tissue samples, (2) to decrease the standard deviation of the measured value of LINE-1 methylation levels in FFPE tissue samples of gastric cancer, and (3) to improve the performance in the measurement of single gene methylation levels in FFPE tissue samples of colorectal cancer.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Formalin fixation leads to artificial increases in the measured values of LINE-1 methylation, and the application of prolonged heating of DNA samples decreases the discrepancy in the measured values of LINE-1 methylation between paired FF and FFPE tissue samples. The application of prolonged heating of DNA samples improves bisulfite conversion-based measurement of LINE-1 or single gene methylation levels in FFPE tissue samples.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0308-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

구도심 근대산업유산의 도시재생 방향에 관한 연구

선우해봉(Xianyu, Hai Feng),이석현(Lee Seok Hyun) 한국디자인문화학회 2017 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 구도심 근대산업유산을 활용한 대표적 도시재생지인 서울 성수동, 인천 아트 플랫폼, 베이징 798 예술특구, 상하이 1933라오창팡 등 한국과 중국의 도시재생 공간을 대상으로 하여 각각의 재생요인과 재생 유형을 분석하여 구도심 산업유산의 재활용을 위한 시사점과 도시재생 개선 제안을 도출하고데 목적은 둔다. 이러한 도시재생의 핵심요인의 분석을 위해 문헌조사를 통해 세 가지(환경적, 경제적, 사회적) 측면의 요인기준을 먼저 도출하였다. 그리고 이 세 가지 기준을 바탕으로 대상지 내의 현황과 이에 대한 이용자들의 반응을 파악하기 위해 현장조사와 설문조사를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 각 대상지의 환경적, 경제적, 사회적 세 가지 측면 요소들이 재생유형에 따라서 다양하게 분포하고 있었으며, 특히 이용자들은 각 공간의 환경적 측면 요소에 더욱 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 또한, 각 요인들은 독립적이지 않고 상호 보완적인 역할을 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 도시재생 사업의 진행시, 공간의 재생효과를 높일 수 있는 디자인의 기준의 제시와 관련 기초연구로서의 방향을 제시할 수 있다는 점에 의의가 있다. This study aims to analyze the regeneration factor in the recent urban renewal areas in Korea and China, and to draw implications for the reutilization of old downtown industrial heritage, including the regeneration types of the areas. For this purpose the researcher conducted a literature research for key factor analysis of urban regeneration, and derived three factors criteria (environmental, economic and social) aspects that are frequently cited in the literature. Then based on these three criteria, the researcher con conducted on-site research and survey research to determine the current status within the sites and the reaction of the users regarding this factors. As a result, the researcher found that three factors (environmental, economic and social) aspects are variously distributed depending on the regeneration types, and particularly the users show more positive reaction to environmental factor aspect of each space. Also, it has been analyzed that each factor played a complementary role rather than being independent. These results are significant to the point that it can be the basis for suggesting the standard of renewal policy which can enhance the renewal effect of the areas in future urban renewal project.

중국에서의 백호 임제 문학사상 연구

황현옥 ( Huang Xianyu ) 국제어문학회 ( 구 국제어문학연구회 ) 2014 국제어문 Vol.63 No.-

백호 임제의 문학사상과 그의 문학작품은 사백여년이 지난 지금도 여전히 높은 평가를 받으면서 임제의 위상은 시간과 공간을 초월하여 한반도뿐만 아니라 중국에서도 빛을 뿌리고 있다. 본고에서는 중국에서의 백호 임제의 문학사상 연구를 논문 형식의 학술 연구와 문학사, 문학선집 등 교재 형식의 작품 분석 그리고 온라인 형식의 인터넷 자료 등을 통해 살펴보았다. 본고는 또 조선조 시기 우화소설의 대표적 작품으로 평가되고 있는 「鼠獄說」을 중국에서 임제의 대표작으로 취급하여 교육하고 있음을 여러 사료를 통해 제시하였지만 작가와 작품의 유대는 앞으로 계속 탐구되어야 할 과제로 남기고 있다. 백호 임제의 여러 장르의 문학작품들은 날카로운 사회 비판정신, 함축성 있고 자유분방한 표현수법 그리고 풍부한 서정성과 예술성 때문에 중국에서 널리 알려진 것으로 평가되고 있다. 세계화의 파고 속에서 특히 실시간 입력과 검색이 가능한 인터넷 공간을 통한 임제의 문학사상 연구와 전파는 중국에서 더욱 세인의 주목을 받을 것으로 전망되고 있다. Literary thoughts and works of Byegho Limjae still enjoy, after four hundred years of time passed, high reputation, and the master status of Limjae, standing above the limits of time and place, shines forth not just in Korea but even in China. This thesis looks into the study of Byegho Limjae`s literary thoughts by exploring academic works in the form of theses, analyses of text forms such as literary history and selected works, and research material found on the internet. This thesis also suggests through various authentic verification that in China 「Seooksseol(a trial recipient mice), which stands out as the most important of fable novels of Chosun, is taught to be Limjae`s masterpiece, though the relation between the author and literary work remains to be tackled. The literary works of Byegho Limjae in various genres are reputed to be well known in China thanks to their cutting remarks about the society, overtones and liberal representations, and richness in lyricism and artistic quality. In the waves of globalization, especially through the internet where real-time input and search is possible, it is in good prospect that in China the study and circulation of Limjae will draw more attention from people.

1950~60년대 중국 문단에 소개된 한설야와 그의 문학평론 연구

申先玉(Shen, Xianyu) 중앙어문학회 2020 語文論集 Vol.83 No.-

1950~60년대 중국 문단에서는 한설야의 문학평론을 중역하여 외국문학을 전문적으로 다루는 문예지 <譯文>에 게재하였는가 하면, 한설야의 시사평론을 중역하여 정치적 경향이 짙은 <文藝報>, <人民日報>에 게재하면서 한반도에 대한 북한 문인의 인식과 계급적 입장을 기사화했다. 한설야의 글들이 중역되어 출판된 데에는 한설야의 북한문학예술총동맹 중앙위원장이라는 신분과 그가 북한 문단에서 차지하는 위상이 중요한 요소로 작용했을 것이다. 그리고 무엇보다 한설야의 “인민문학” 평론은 1950~60년대 중국 학계에서 한국(조선) 문학 연구의 기준을 세우는 데 필요한 문헌으로 활용되었을 것이다. 이에 본고에서는 1950~60년대 중국 문단에 소개된 한설야와 그의 문학평론을 조명하면서, 그 당시 중국 문단에서는 한설야의 어떤 문학사상을 번역하였는지, 그런 점이 중국에서의 한국(조선)문학 연구에 어떤 영향을 미치었는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이는 중국에서의 한국(조선)문학 연구의 발전 과정을 뒤돌아봄으로써 현재 중국에서의 한국(조선)문학 연구 현황을 점검하도록 하며, 중국에서의 외국문학연구사를 구축하는 데 필요한 문헌을 제공해줄 것이다. Han Seor-ya’s literary reviews were translated and introduced to China in the 1950s and 1960s. The translated literary reviews were published in Translation Magazine, a specialized periodical in rendering foreign literature. In addition, Han Seorya’s commentary was also translated into Chinese and published in such publications with political slants as the Journal of Literature and Art and China Daily. Such translation work could convey the proletarian position of North Korean men of letters. Han Seorya’s literary reviews could be brought into China for two reasons that cannot be ignored. First, Han Seor-ya was the chairman of the League of North Korean Literature and Art, occupying the dominant position in the realm of literature in North Korea. Second, the commentary written by Han Seor-ya on the “literature created by people” could serve as a reference for China to work out the standards for foreign literature studies. This paper, therefore, focuses on Han Seorya and his literary reviews that were introduced to China in the 1950s and 1960s, clarifying which of Han Seorya’s thoughts on literature were imported to China and what effect the introduction of his thoughts has had on Korean (and North Korean) studies conducted in China; and the development of the literary criticism of Korean (and North Korean) literature in China.

한국 민간문학에 대한 周作人의 평론 고찰

申先玉(Shen, Xianyu) 중앙어문학회 2021 語文論集 Vol.88 No.-

본고는 周作人의 「朝鮮傳說」(1925), 「《朝鮮童話集序》」(1931) 등 평론을 주요 연구대상으로 하여, 한국문학에 대한 근현대 중국 지식인의 연구 의식과 연구 방법론을 살펴보고자 한다. 본고의 연구와 관련하여 기존 연구에서는 한국 문인들과 周作人의 실제적인 교류를 정리하고 周作人의 한국 인식과 한국 문화 의식에 대하여 논의하였다. 이런 연구들은 현재 국가별 연구와 지역 연구가 인문학 연구의 중심으로 떠오른 중국 학계에 중요한 한국학 연구 문헌을 제공해주었다. 그러나 중국 내 한국문학 비평/ 연구 담론 구축에 있어서는 한국의 민간문학에 대한 周作人의 평론들을 구체적으로 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 왜냐하면 周作人의 한국 민간문학 평론은 근현대이래 중국에서의 한국문학 연구 활동이 전개되는 기점이라고 할 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본고에서는 중국에서의 한국문학 연구 현실에 착안하여 1920 40년대 중국 내 한국문학 평론 문헌들을 비교 분석하면서, 한국문학에 대한 周作人의 연구 의식과 그 학술적 의의를 고찰하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 周作人은 1920-40년대 중국 문단에 나타난 한국문학 평론과 달리 한국문학 연구에 있어서 본체론적 연구 의도와 인접 학과와의 관계 속에서 한국을 연구하고자 하는 의도를 드러냈다. 아울러 한중 문학 관계에서 한국문학에 대한 중국문학의 일방적인 영향을 강조하는 상황에서 벗어나, 한국문학의 독립성과 한중 문화의 상호적인 영향 관계에 주목하였다. 周作人의 이런 연구 의식과 연구 방법론은 오늘날 중국 내 한국문학 연구에 학술적 경험을 제공함으로써 그 가치를 발휘하게 될 것이다. Considering Zhou Zuoren’s literary critiques, including Korean Mythology (1925) and The Preface of the Collection of Korean Fairy Tales (1931), as the research object, this study aims to explore modern Chinese scholars’ knowledge of Korean literature and their research methods. Existing studies have focused on the academic exchange between Korean scholars and Zhou Zuoren, and illustrated Zhou’s understanding and recognition of Korean culture. These studies provided important data on Korean studies for contemporary Chinese academia, adding significance to international and regional studies. Zhou Zuoren’s critiques of Korean folk literature, as a prelude to China’s research on Korean literature, count as valuable academic reference for present-day Chinese academia, while constructing the discourse of Korean literary critiques and research. To clarify the status quo of Korean literary research in Chinese academia, this study makes a comparative analysis of the critiques of Korean literature by Chinese scholars from the 1920s to the 1940s, and highlights Zhou Zuoren’s research awareness of Korean literature as well as the academic significance of his research. The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis. First, research conducted by Zhou Zuoren on Korean literature revealed his intention of ontological study and his consciousness of cross-disciplinary research, in a shift from critiques by other Chinese scholars on Korean literature from the 1920s to 1940s. Meanwhile, Zhou Zuoren managed to break away from the one-way influence of Chinese on Korean literature; instead, he emphasized the independence of Korean literature and the interinfluence between Korean and Chinese cultures. Accordingly, Zhou Zuoren’s research awareness and research methods comprise the reference and documentation that modern Chinese scholars can draw on to construct the academic history of Korean literary studies.

1949년 이전 호명수(胡明樹)의 “조선” 소재 시 연구

신선옥 ( Shen Xianyu ) 중국어문연구회 2019 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.91

Hu Mingshu (1949~1977), born in Guiping, Guangxi, was representative of the men of letters in Guangxi. Hu’s literary works cover various genres, such as novel, poetry, prose, fairy tale and review. However, there has not been adequate research on him; the reason is that his works embody salient features of the age and consciousness of resistance. In the1930s and 1940s, Hu Mingshu found two literary magazines, Poetry Monthly and Poetry ; but there are huge gaps in the study of his poetics and poems, especially his poems whose subject matter is Korea. Based on the poems concerning Korea Hu Mingshu created and poetics he proposed before 1949, this paper explores his understanding of Korea reflected in his literary works, and has drawn the conclusions as follow. First, Hu Mingshu’s poem, “Now is the Time: Calls for Korean and Taiwanese”, showed the friendship between Korea and China and the two countries’ community consciousness. The affection expressed in his poem was identical with what Chinese scholars perceived as the friendship of Korean and Chinese revolutionaries. However, it was the assistance offered by Korea to China that Hu Mingshu focused on, and he argued that the Korean Army of Volunteers organized Anti-Japanese campaign in Northeast China during the War against Japanese and “they helped China in the war against Japanese aggression”. From the word “helped”, it can be noted that Hu Mingshu put more emphasis on the “revolutionary friendship Korea showed to China” than on the friendship of Korean and Chinese revolutionaries. Second, Hu Mingshu’s understanding of Korean literature was also different from others. Chinese scholars then were still preoccupied with the China-centric thoughts which prevailed before modern times, so they believed that modern Korean literature failed to go deep into Chinese civilization, thus unable to mount to the world literary standards. Hu Mingshu, nevertheless, held that Koran literature embodied Korea’s national characters and vitality, and therefore reached the world literary standards. His understanding was derived from his principles of writing ― “the creation of narrative poems is based on the acquired refinement, knowledge, life experience, observation and intellectuality, etc.” Such writing principle was integrated into and epitomized by his poem, A Korean Woman, which not only mirrored his historical consciousness and intellectual refinement, but also revealed the literary and artistic values of poetry. In this poem, Hu Mingshu depicted the reality of Korea in a temperate and imaginative way, expressing his wishes and hopes for the future of Korea. Overall, Hu Mingshu’s poems concerning Korea demonstrated his understanding of the modern history of East Asia and his affection for Korea. In addition, Hu Mingshu was opposed to the poetics proposed by Guo Moruo and Huang Yaomian. The argument between Hu Mingshu and Ji Zong over the relationship between emotions and poetry is comparable to the controversy over techniques in modern Korean poetry, so a comparative study can be conducted to enrich the comparative studies and literary exchange between Korean and Chinese literature.

범천(範泉)의 조선문학 비평 연구

신선옥 ( Shen Xianyu ) 중국한국(조선)어교육연구학회 2019 한국(조선)어교육연구 Vol.14 No.-

Fan Quan (1916-2000) has got much attention from academia as an outstanding editor, publisher, writer and translator, and his literary periodicals and monographs are the major research subjects. Fan’s contribution in editing and publishing has been widely recognized, and he is also noted for translating the works of Jang Hyuk-ju, a Korean writer. However, Fan’s criticism and cognition of Korean literature have been ignored. This paper studies Fan’s criticism and translation of Korean literature by examining On Korean Writers, Korean Drama Campaign, and Sights in Korea so as to cast light on his views on Korean literature. Two conclusions have been drawn. First, Fan Quan put more emphasis on Jang Hyuk-ju’s attitude towards world literature while translating Jang Hyuk-ju’s criticism on Korean literature. Unlike his contemporary translators who focused on the development of modern Korean literature, Fan informed the readers of the place and significance of Korean literature in the development of world literature. Second, Chinese scholars still harbored ethnocentrism when appraising Korean literature during the period of Republic of China, but from Fan’s perspective, it was the formalism of Chinese culture that resulted in the stagnation of the modern Korean literature. This view involves not only Fan’s objective description of Korean literature, but also his objective comment on Chinese culture, and therefore his academic attitude is of great significant for the current literary and cultural exchange between Korea and China.

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) Amplification Detected by Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR) Is a Prognostic Factor in Colorectal Cancers

배정모,Xianyu Wen,김태신,곽윤진,조남윤,이혜승,강경훈 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.1

Purpose The purpose of this study was to reveal the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic implications associated with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) amplification in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Materials and Methods We measured the copy number of FGFR1 by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), and analyzed the FGFR1 expression by immunohistochemistry, in 764 surgically resected CRCs (SNUH2007 dataset, 384 CRCs; SNUH Folfox dataset, 380 CRCs). Results CRCs with ! 3.3 copies of the FGFR1 gene were classified as FGFR1 amplified. FGFR1 amplification was found in 10 of the 384 CRCs (2.6%) in the SNUH2007 dataset, and in 28 of the 380 CRCs (7.4%) in the SNUH Folfox dataset. In the SNUH2007 dataset, there was no association between the FGFR1 copy number status and sex, gross appearance, stage, or differentiation. High FGFR1 expression was associated with female sex and KRASmutation. At the molecular level, FGFR1 amplification was mutually exclusive with BRAF mutation, microsatellite instability, and MLH1 methylation, in both SNUH2007 and SNUH Folfox datasets. Survival analysis revealed that FGFR1 amplification was associated with significantly worse clinical outcome compared with no FGFR1 amplification, in both SNUH2007 and SNUH Folfox datasets. Within the SNUH2007 dataset, CRC patients with high FGFR1 expression had an inferior progression-free survival compared with those with low FGFR1 expression. The FGFR inhibitor, PD173074, repressed the proliferation of a CRC cell line overexpressing FGFR1, but not of cells with FGFR1 amplification. Conclusion FGFR1 amplification measured by ddPCR can be a prognostic indicator of poor clinical outcome in patients with CRCs.