The Effect of Position in Utterance on the Duration of Segment in Korean

Lee,Hyun-Bok,Kim,Dae-Won 한국언어학회 1991 언어 Vol.16 No.1

최순우 선생의 회화사 연구

이원복 ( Lee Won Bok ) 한국불교미술사학회(한국미술사연구소) 2018 강좌미술사 Vol.51 No.-

국립중앙박물관 4 대 관장을 역임한 崔淳雨(1916-1984)는 국립박물관에 40 년 넘게 봉직한 博物館人으로 문화예술 행정가이자, 큰 美術史學者이다. 그의 繪畵史 연구업적은 ‘한국미술 5 천년전’ 국외전시, 1972 년과 1977 년 개최한 ‘한국회화 5 백년전’과 ‘국립박물관소장비장회화특별전’ 등 수많은 전시기획, 資料發掘調査, 발표한 논고, 그 나름의 독자적으로 개척한 문화재관련 수필 등을 통해 확인된다. 회화사는 陶磁史와 함께 그의 연구에서 비중이 크다. 첫째, 현존하는 조선시대 그림 전체에 대한 聚合에 각별한 관심과 이에 대한 일련의 사업들을 들게 된다. 연구에서 가장 긴요한 기초 작업으로 개인소장 서화와 寺刹 내 佛畵照査 두 사업을 각기 5년씩 연차적으로 기획했다. 둘째, 조선시대 회화사적 비중이 큰 조선중기 화풍을 연 金禔(1524-1593)와 李慶胤(1545-1611)의 작품발굴이 주목된다. 삼성미술관 리움 소장인 보물 제 783 호 <童子牽驢圖>와 호림박물관 소장 20점으로 된 화첩 내 9 점에 화가와 동시대를 산 선배 崔笠(1539-1612)이 1598 과 1599 년에 직접 쓴 跋文과 讚詩가 있다. 화적이 드문 李楨(1578-1607)의 실경과 관념의 두 산수화첩, 국립중앙박물관에 기증된 문인화가 鄭遂榮(1743-1831)이 금강산을 그린『海山帖』등 한둘이 아니다. 조선 말 김수철과 洪世燮(1832-1884), 李喜秀(1836-1909)의 발굴은 새로운 감각으로 이異色畵風으로 지칭되는 전통회화가 나아갈 방향을 제시한 시사점이 큰 화가들이다. 이들 작가에 대해선 박물관 내 李泰浩, 李源福 등 후학에 의해 본격적인 논고로 발표되었다. 작품발굴은 국외까지 이어져 미국 필라델피아 박물관 소장 李巖(1507-1566) 계열의 <狗子圖>, 영국 대영박물관의 肖像畵 草本과 불화도 있다. 셋째, 그는 우리나라 회화 전반에 대해 통시대적으로 살피되 일반회화 외에 불화와 民畵, 현대회화 평론까지 참여했습니다. 한국동란으로 부산 피난 중에 ‘제 1 회 현대작가 초대전’(1953.5.1-5.31)과 ‘한국현대회화 특별전’(1954.1.1-1.31)을 열기도 했다. 이들 그림을 함께 살필 때 우리 옛 그림의 眞面目이 드러난다고 보았다. 고대 한국회화 발달의 요람이 초기 불교회화에 바탕을 두었고 고대회화인 고구려 고분벽화에서 조선초기부터 말기까지 화가를 망라해 시대별, 화가별 화풍의 특징을 추출했다. 넷째, 공예분야의 연구와 더불어 도자가 문양의 繪畵性을 일찍이 간파했다. 그림의 전래가 드문 고려와 조선 초기에 있어 이들을 工藝文樣을 회화사의 補完資料로 원용한 점을 들게 된다. 다섯째, 국립박물관을 비롯해 사립박물관과 수많은 개인 소장품 등, 매 작품마다 오랜 세월 장기간에 보고 또 본 후 주도면밀하고 철저한 분석과 이해를 바탕으로 작품과 작가를 간결하고 길지 아니한 문장으로 요약하고 정리했다. 일견 짧은 에세이이나 그 안에 쉽고 아름다운 文體로 서술하여 읽는 이에게 美感의 본질에 도달케 한다. 우리 조형예술 전반에의 따듯하며 예리한 시선으로 찾은 공통분모는 같은 한자문화권의 동질성을 전제로 살펴 편협하지 않은 國際的 시각이 아니다. 風土와 미감의 차이에서 빚어진 미적 差別性까지 살폈다. 결국 우리 회화의 독자성과 특징 나아가 韓國美의 특징의 추출로 귀결된다. As a fourth Director of National Museum of Korea, Choi Sunu(崔淳雨,1916-1984) had been dedicated himself to the museum over 40 years and now known as a diligent Museum Man, Culture and Art Administrator and great Art Historian. His achievements on Art History are remarkable from international exhibition ‘Korean Arts in 5000 years’, domestic renowned exhibitions such as ‘Masterpieces of 500 Years of Korean Painting’, ‘Korean Paintings selected from collection of the National M useum - to be shown for the first time to the public-’ in 1972 and 1977. Apart from those results, his personal researches on art histories, documentations and research essays show his great interest on museum and its material cultures. Art History is one of his main research areas as much as history of Celadon. First of all, Director Choi did gather all exist paintings of Joseon and had been organised several works for these paintings. As a pivotal base works for his research, personal collections of Joseon Paintings and paintings that owned by temples were thoroughly studied in five years terms. Second, Choi focused on painters Kim Si(金禔,1524-1593) and Lee Kyeong Yoon(李慶胤,1545-1611) who both are crucial to understand intermediate term of Joseon Period. To a certain extent, Director Choi also uncovered Choi Rip(崔笠,1539-1612) who directly wrote poet on painting in Horim Museum and Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art and Lee Jeong(李楨,1578-1607) whose writings are rarely found and Jeong Soo Young(鄭遂榮,1743-1831) who draw Mount. Geumgang. Painters such as Kim Soo Chul, Hong Se Sup(洪世燮,1832-1884), and Lee Hee Su(李喜秀,1836-1909) whose works were mainly found in late Joseon are all famous for unique style which suggest the provision of traditional paintings. Those painters are all highlighted by younger researchers Lee Tae Ho, Lee Won Bok from National Museums. Third, Choi rigorously overviews not only traditional paintings of Korea but also Buddhist, Folk, and Modern paintings. ‘The First Invitation Exhibition of Korean Modern Paintings(1953.5.1-5.31)’ and ‘Special Exhibition of Korean Modern Arts(1954.1.1-1.31)’ had been organised in Busan even during the Korean War. Fourth, with the research on crafts, Choi comprehended the artistic perspectives of Celadon. As of its uniqueness of paintings in Goryeo and Joseon, it is hard to be descended for long time and so Choi tried to use the craft arts to understand the paintings. Finally, Choi’s summaries on paintings from national, private museums and even from personal collections are simply made based on thorough researches on them that helps readers comprehend real value of paintings. His researches on Korean paintings are well shown its traditionality and distinctiveness of original but unique Korean styles, not just like other Asian paintings.

Cyanidin-3-glucoside Extracted from Mulberry Fruit Can Reduce <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitrosourea-Induced Retinal Degeneration in Rats

Lee, Seung Hee,Jeong, Eojin,Paik, Sun-Sook,Jeon, Ji Hyun,Jung, Sung Won,Kim, Hyun-Bok,Kim, Muyan,Chun, Myung-Hoon,Kim, In-Beom Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 2014 Current eye research Vol.39 No.1

<P><I>Purpose</I>: To investigate the effect of cyanidin-3-<I>O</I>-glucoside (C3G) on a rat retinal degeneration (RD) model.</P><P><I>Materials and methods</I>: Experimental RD was induced in rats by the intraperitoneal injection of <I>N</I>-methyl-<I>N</I>-nitrosourea (MNU) at 50 mg/kg. C3G extracted from mulberry (<I>Morus alba </I>L.) fruit (50 mg/kg) was orally administered, daily for 1, 2 and 4 weeks after MNU injection. The effects of C3G administration on MNU-induced RD retinas were histologically and functionally assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and electroretinography (ERG), respectively. The degree of retinal injury in C3G-administered RD rats was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with an antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The preferential protective effect of C3G on scotopic vision was examined by western blot analysis.</P><P><I>Result</I>s: Marked loss of photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was observed in RD rats at 2 and 4 weeks after MNU injection, while the ONL in the MNU-induced RD rats given C3G was relatively well preserved. Immunohistochemistry with anti-GFAP showed that retinal injury was also reduced in the retinas of the rats given C3G. Functional assessment by using ERG recordings showed that scotopic ERG responses were significantly increased in RD rats given C3G for 4 weeks (<I>p</I> < 0.01) compared with that of untreated RD rats. In the RD rats given short-term C3G (for 1 and 2 weeks), the increase in ERG responses was not significant. In addition, western blot analysis showed that rhodopsin level in the C3G-administered RD retinas significantly increased compared to that in the non-administered RD retinas (<I>p</I> < 0.05), whereas red/green opsin level did not show any significant difference.</P><P><I>Conclusions</I>: Long-term administration of C3G extracted from mulberry fruit could structurally reduce photoreceptor damage and functionally improve scotopic visual functions in the RD rat model induced by MNU.</P>

Association between work-related health problems and job insecurity in permanent and temporary employees

Won-Wook Lee,Jae-Bum Park,Kyoung-Bok Min,Kyung-Jong Lee,Min-Su Kim 대한직업환경의학회 2013 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.25 No.-

Objectives: This research was conducted with an aim of determining the correlation between job insecurity and an employee’s work-related health problems among permanent and temporary workers. Methods: Using the data from the First Korean Working Conditions Survey conducted in 2006, a total of 7,071 workers, excluding employers and the self-employed, were analyzed. Work-related health problems were categorized as backache, headache, abdominal pain, muscular pain, stress, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety or depression. Each problem was then analyzed for its relationship to job insecurity through logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the 7,071 workers, 5,294 (74.9%) were permanent workers and 1,777 (25.1%) were temporary workers. For the permanent workers, presence of high or moderate job insecurity appeared more closely linked to backache, headache, abdominal pain, muscular pain, stress, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, and depression compared to absence of job insecurity. However, for the temporary workers, only depression appeared to be associated with the presence of high job insecurity. Conclusion: The study showed that the presence of job insecurity is correlated with work-related health problems. The deleterious effects of job insecurity appeared to be stronger in permanent than temporary workers. Additional research should investigate ways to effectively reduce job insecurity.

Surface Characteristics and Bioactivation of Sandblasted and Acid-Etched (SLA) Ti-10Nb-10Ta Alloy for Dental Implant

Bok, Won-Mi,Kim, Seo-Young,Lee, Sook-Jeong,Shin, Gwi-Su,Park, Ju-Mi,Lee, Min-Ho Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.16 No.10

Titanium and titanium alloys are amenable to processing as dental implant materials because of their low density, good mechanical properties, better biocompatibility, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, titanium-based implants cannot bond directly to bone. To induce osseointegration, numerous surface-treatment techniques have been investigated over the years to improve implant performance. In this study, we examine sandblasting and acid etching (SLA) methods to determine the various properties of SLA-treated Ti-10Nb-10Ta alloy. The SLA treatment included two steps: first, mechanically polished Ti-10Nb-10Ta alloy was subjected to grit blasting using <TEX>$110-{\mu}m$</TEX> alumina particles, and second, the blasted alloy underwent acid etching for 9 minutes with a mixture of <TEX>$H_2SO_4$</TEX> and HCl at <TEX>$100^{\circ}C$</TEX>. After etching with Keller's etchant, the Ti-10Nb-10Ta alloy showed a lamellar structure on optical microscopy, and surface roughness was increased after SLA treatment (p<0.05). The apatite layer that formed on the SLA-treated Ti-10Nb-10Ta alloy after immersion in simulated body fluid was approximately <TEX>$2{\mu}m$</TEX> thick, thus improving adhesion to bone. Wettability of the SLA-treated Ti-10Nb-10Ta alloy was better than that of the non-treated one. In vitro studies showed no cytotoxicity from either the untreated or the SLA-treated Ti-10Nb-10Ta alloys.

Perforating Pilomatricoma Causing a Cutaneous Horn

Lee.JEONG WOO,Lee, Seok Jong,Kim, Tae Hoon,Kim, Do Won,Jun, Jae Bok,Chung, Sang Lip 대한피부과학회 1998 Annals of Dermatology Vol.10 No.2

Pilomatricoma is a benign tumor differentiating towards the hair matrix. Perforation may rarely take place with extrusion of part of the contents. A 3-year-old girl presented with a 5×6 ㎜ sized, erythematous, elevated and indurated mass with a tiny horny projection on its surface, on her right upper arm. It had been present for one year. Histopathologically, there were several islands of epithelial cells in the upper to mid-dermis composed of basophilic, shadow and transitional cells. A few tumor islands adjacent to the epidermis were in the course of a characteristic transepithelial elimination process.

Defining B Cell Epitopes of Ovalbumin for the C57BL/6 Mice Immunized with Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis

Lee, Yang Min,Kim, Hyo Joon,Hwang, Joon Sung,Won, Ho Shik,Kim, Bok Hwan 생화학분자생물학회 2001 BMB Reports Vol.32 No.5

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing ovalbumin was used to immunize C57BL/6(H-2^b) mice, and the humoral immunity against recombinant ovalbumin was analyzed. Antibodies were purified by denatured ovalbumin-conjugated affinity chromatography. The epitopes of the antibodies were screened with a random peptide library displayed on the tip of fUSE5 filamentous phage pIII minor coat proteins. Two peptides, IRLADR and SPGAEV, were selected predominantly by the recognition of purified antibodies using biopanning methods. The composition of the peptide sequence with the primary structure of OVA revealed that the peptide sequence analogizes to INEAGR, part of the ^(323)ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR^(339) sequence previously reported as the antigenic determinant for marine B and also Th cell epitopes (I-A^d binding). Also, the structures of these mimotopes obtained from restrained molecular dynamic computations resulted in the formation of a ~3-turn proven to be a secondary structure of the parent peptide within the ovalbumin molecule, enabling us to confirm the structural similarity. This study demonstrates that immunization with recombinant M. smegmatis can generate neutralizing antibodies identical with those induced by the administration of natural antigenic proteins and supports the potential use of mycobacteria as vaccine delivery vehicles.

Analysis of Yield of Eleutherosides B and E in <i>Acanthopanax divaricatus</i> and <i>A. koreanum</i> Grown with Varying Cultivation Methods

Lee, Jeong Min,Lee, Myoung-Hee,Pae, Suk-Bok,Oh, Ki-Won,Jung, Chan-Sik,Baek, In-Youl,Lee, Sanghyun Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 The Scientific World Journal Vol.2014 No.-

<P>An analysis of the yield of eleutherosides B and E in <I>Acanthopanax divaricatus</I> and <I>A. koreanum</I> was performed using high performance liquid chromatography to evaluate production by different cultivation methods. In <I>A. divaricatus</I> and <I>A. koreanum</I>, the total content of eleutherosides B and E was 2.466–7.360 mg/g varying by plant section, 3.886–11.506 mg/g by pinching site, 3.655–10.083 mg/g by planting time, and 3.652–10.108 mg/g by fertilizer ratio. Thus the total content of eleutherosides B and E in <I>A. divaricatus</I> and <I>A. koreanum</I> differed depending on cultivation methods. These results present useful information for high eleutheroside content applications in <I>A. divaricatus</I> and <I>A. koreanum</I>. This information can affect selection of plant section and cultivation methods for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical material development.</P>

Photolithographical Immobilization of Biomolecules onto Non-Biofouling Surfaces

Lee, Zee-Won,Lee, Kyung-Bok,Hong, Jang-Hee,Kim, Jae-Hong,Cheong, Chae-Joon,Choi, In-Sung S. Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.8

Increasing Recovery of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Respiratory Specimens over a 10-Year Period in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in South Korea

( Won Jung Koh ),( Bok Soon Chang ),( Byeong Ho Jeong ),( Kyeong Man Jeon ),( Su Young Kim ),( Nam Yong Lee ),( Chang Seok Ki ),( O Jung Kwon ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.5

Background: The number of patients with pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term trends in the NTM recovery rate from respiratory specimens over a 10-year period in a tertiary referral hospital in South Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of mycobacterial cultures of respiratory specimens at Samsung Medical Center from January 2001 to December 2011. Results: During the study period, 32,841 respiratory specimens from 10,563 patients were found to be culture-positive for mycobacteria. These included 12,619 (38%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 20,222 (62%) NTM isolates. The proportion of NTM among all positive mycobacterial cultures increased from 43% (548/1,283) in 2001 to 70% (3,341/4,800) in 2011 (p<0.001, test for trend). The recovery rate of NTM isolates from acid-fast bacilli smear-positive specimens increased from 9% (38/417) in 2001 to 64% (1,284/1,997) in 2011 (p<0.001, test for trend). The proportion of positive liquid cultures was higher for NTM than for M. tuberculosis (p<0.001). The most frequently isolated NTM were Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (53%) and Mycobacterium abscessus-massiliense complex (25%). Conclusion: The recovery rate of NTM from respiratory specimens in South Korea has increased steadily.