사지의 주요 동맥손상의 처치: 23증례에 대한 분석

원형섭,김상은,배성만,박철완,이 근,조상훈,김상일,우병완 大韓應急醫學會 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Extremity vascular trauma is common in most emergency centers, and controversy remains about the optimal management of arterial injuries. Retrospectively we reviewed the records of 23 patients who had upper or lower extremity arterial trauma from July 1994 to December 1995. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our department`s management policy to major arterial injuries. The leading cause of major arterial injuries was penetrating trauma. We found that there were clinical findings such as absence of or decreased strength of pulsation(82.6%), cool ischemic extremity(69.6%), large expanding hematoma(43.5%), major bleeding(17.4%) and bruit or thill(8.7%). We gave the priority to management of life-threatening injuries and applied the pressure dressing to wounds as early as possible. There were 18 men(78.3%) and 5 women(21.7%); the mean age was 35(range 20-56 years old) years. There were 12 arterial injuries(52.2%) in the upper extremity and 11 arterial injuries(47.8%) in the lower exteremity. The most commonly injured artery was the brachial artery in the upper(34.8%) and the femoral artery in the lower(30.4%) extremity. The etiology included knife stabbing in 10 patients(43.5%), motor vehicle accidents in 6(26.1%), industrial accidents in 4(17.4%), falls in 2(8.7%) and a farm equipment accident in 1 patient(4.3%). The associated injuries were muscle injuries(78.3%), fracture(56.5%), nerve injuries(52.2%), vein injuries(43.5%), shock(17.4%) and dislocation(13.0%). All patients with arterial injuries were given a preoperative prophylactic antibiotic and TIG(tetanus immunoglobulin). We used Doppler technique as a means of detecting the blood flow. Fourteen patients(60.9%) underwent preoperative arteriography in the radiology department. We performed surgical exploration as soon as major arterial injuries were suspected. The most common methods of treating major arterial injuries were interposition vein graft(69.6%) and end to end anastomosis(21.7%). Systemic or locally infused heparin was used for all vascular repairs. In many of our patients(56.5%), fasciotomy was performed before the vascular repair, as a part of the exploration of the distal arteries. There were 2 amputations(8.7%) but no death. The reason for secondary amputation were wound infection in one and failure to achieve sufficient arterial flow to the involved extremity with resulting gangrene in the other. As the time factor is vitally important in the management of arterial injuries, we advocate prompt and early surgical treatment within 6 hours of the trauma. In conclusion, we believe that the crucial factorsin successful management of major arterial injuries of the extremities are early diagnosis, prompt treatment, complete debridement, fasciotomy when indicated, and simultaneous treatment of concomitant injuries.

철도교통소음의 수평·수직적 전달 및 감쇠 특성

최형일,정원삼,김난희,강영주,위환 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2006 環境公害硏究 Vol.19 No.1

This study has been conducted to achieve the following objectives: First, in order to understand the horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise, we selected actively developed areas within 100 meters away from the road to measure the level of traffic noise near a road. To measure the noise near a railroad, we selected areas within 100 meters away from the railroad and then selected Saemaul-ho and Mugoongwha-ho as the subjects for our experiment, In this way, we analyzed the horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the traffic noise occurring in diversified areas. Second, in order to understand the vertical propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise, we measured and analyzed the distributional characteristics of vertical sound pressure levels on each floor of multi-storied apartment buildings according to changes of traffic load and types, and the existence or nonexistence of soundproof walls. For the case of the railroad traffic noise, we also selected Samaul-ho and Mugoongwha-ho as the subjects for our experiment, and we measured and analyzed the different noise levels on each floor of multi-storied apartment buildings from the soundproof wall. The results of Horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise are as follows: In cases of the flat land, cutting land, and bridge area, as distance increases, the sound pressure level steadily decreases. The cutting land has an especially high distance decrease compared to the other areas, and the sound pressure level for the bridge area is higher than that of the flat land with a measurement of 9.7~17.5㏈(A). Vertical propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise are as follows: The amount of sound pressure level decrease is 13.9~15.4㏈(A) for Samaul-ho and 10.9~11.5㏈(A) for Mugoongwha-ho when measuring the vertical sound pressure levels at heights lower than 4.5m, which indicates a fairly large decrease. At 6m, the amount of decrease is 7.3㏈(A) for Samaul-ho and 5.0㏈(A) for Mugoongwha-ho, which indicates a small decrease.

사격장 소음에 관한 연구

최형일,정경훈,정원삼,박싱일,김난희 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2006 環境公害硏究 Vol.19 No.1

These days, the way of life and peoples' values have been changing in a developing society. The noise pollution in residential areas is a serious problem caused by the drift of population to cities, increased density, and heavy traffic. The firing ranges, which were built 20 or 30 years ago, are required facilities but are threatening to people. They are a source of anxiety as they jeopardize the residents' safety and destroy their living. Because of this, problems arise often. To reduce the problems between the residents and the military, the sound level around the firing range, the location of the range, and training times are investigated as the following 1. When a howitwer is fired, if there is no obstacle, at distances of 70m and 120m, the equivalent noise level is +116㏈(A)Leq and 98.6㏈(A)Leq, respectively. When the distance is 120m, the maximum sound pressure level is 123㏈(A)Leq for a period of one second. 2. When a 105mm howitwer is fired, if there is a hill as a natural sound barrier and the distance between the firing location and the target location is far more than 900m. the equivalent sound level is below 62㏈(A)Leq. 3. Upon firing, the sound pressure levels have equal range. The sound level is higher at 500Hz and lOOOHz. 4. The sound pressure level of the noise of explosive sound decreases between the shooting point and the target point. At distances of lOOOm, 1400m, and 1450m, the equivalent sound levels are 86.2㏈(A)Leq, 85.4㏈(A)Leq and 84.2㏈(A)Leq each, and the highest sound pressure levels are 121.4㏈(A)Leq, 116㏈(A)Leq and 114.3㏈(A)Leq for one second. 5. The explosive sound at the target point is similar to the noise at the firing point. The sound pressure level also has an equal range. Also. the sound level is higher at 500Hz and 1OOOHz than the others.

규칙 기반 전문가 시스템 도구 CLiPS를 이용한 프로세스 엔진의 구현

최상일,이형원 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

Rule-based paradigm is one of the principal types of software process modeling and enaction approaches, as they provide formality and flexibility sufficient to handle complex processes. However, the systems adopting rule-based paradigms are generally hard to use and improve. In this paper, we describe the process engine of PSEE(Process-Centered Software Engineering Environment) PRAiSE implemented using a rule-based expert system tool CLiPS. Compared with existing researches, our process engine has remarkable merits as followings. First, extendability is achieved by the separation of the components of PRAiSE. Second, using CLiPS enables to execute process models efficiently and automatically, and incorporate the nature of software processes flexibly in which dynamic changes and parallelism are pervasive and prevalent. Third. instead of providing a rule-based textual process language directly in process modeling, facts are produced from graphical models automatically, and then executed according to the predefined process rules.

페로브스카이트형 La_(1-x)Sr_xBO_(3±y) (B=Fe,Ni) 복합산화물의 생성 및 반응성

박일현,이형표,황호순,최원석 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1989 論文集 Vol.40 No.1

Nonstoichiometry, thermal stability and reactivity in static H2 atmosphere of perovskite-type La_(l-x)Sr_xBO_(3±y)(B=Fe, Ni) mixed oxides were investigated by means of temperature programmed reduction method and X-ray diffraction. Nonstoichiometry of these oxides was determined as following; LaFeO_3.05, La_0.9Sr_0.1FeO_3.0l, La_0.8Sr_0.22FeO_2.95, La_0.7Sr_0.3FeO_2.94, LaNiO_2.93, La_0.98Sr_0.02NiO_2.85, La_0.96Sr_0.04NiO_2.81. From the results of temperature programmed reduction, thermal stability of these perovskites relatively lowered than non-dopant according to the content (x values) of dopant(Sr^2+). According to the kinetic studies, it was revealed that the first and second step reductions in La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_(3±y) (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3) oxides and the first step reduction in LaFeO_3.05 oxide and La_(1-x)SrxNiO(3-y) (x=0, 0.02, 0.04) oxides were followed by Ginstling-Broushtein equation, indicating three dimensional diffusion of reactant. The third step reduction in La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_(3±y) (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3) oxides and the second step reduction in LaFeO_3.05 oxide were followed by contracting sphere model at reaction interface between reactant and product, and the second step reduction in La_(1-x)Sr_xNiO_(3-y) (x=0, 0.02, 0.04) oxides were fitted Avrami-Erofeev equation, indicating this step was controlled by formation and growth of reaction nuclei via the reaction interface.

産業大學 建築設計學科 敎育課程開發에 關한 硏究

김진원,김용일,임상규,서형수,임응찬 三陟大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.32 No.2

To serve the objectives of architectural design course, that is, to develop professional worker our country and society keenly need, this study was carried out as a program to ensure the special domain of vocational educational institution. To carry out such an education, a practical curriculum should be developed and according to it education should be effectively accomplished so that the students could find it easy to seek for work on leaving school, and that they could make progress their field.

道路工事의 排水機能材 使用에 관한 硏究

金日道,金亨源 慶一大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The behavior of filter material was investigated on modified permeameter with geotextile filter and grangular filter and following conclusion was made. 1. It is appeared that geotextile filter have the higher permeativity than the grangular filter and additional advantage that are low cost reduction of selfweight and shortening of construction period. 2. geotextile filter is so affected with the increase of loading that development of incompressible geotextile is demanded as a filter. In this study used gedtextile filter is manufactured in the country and compressed at the loading level of naught to 1000kg. Typical example of road construction using Geotextile filter was contoured in the figure. 1.

非線形斷面圖의 上工量策政에 關한 硏究

金日道,金亨源 慶一大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.8 No.1

In this paper, using a nonlinear ground profile soil pit volume was calculated with simpon's integral formula. Number of interval was three sistuations that these are second and three degree polynomial of nonlinear geound profile. Calaulated results with this proposition are more accurate than conventional estimation methode of soil pit volume since these formulas generally approximate the ground profile better than the linear profile formula. The volume of the linear profile is different that of the nonlinear profile formulas. This nonlinear ground profile formulas are relativity simple opposite to conventional estimation methode and amenable to computations by calaulators. Further research should be made in more complex ground prifile.

Lidocaine 이 흰쥐 해마박편에서 CA 1 추체세포의 활성에 미치는 영향

김형룡,민승기,김대업,오상천,유형근,김은철,고건일,원진숙 원광대학교 생명공학연구소 1995 생명공학연구소보 Vol.3 No.1

Nicotine Suppresses TNF-${\alpha}$ Expression in Human Fetal Astrocyte through the Modulation of Nuclear Factor-${\kappa}B$ Activation

Son, Il-Hong,Park, Yong-Hoon,Yang, Hyun-Duk,Lee, Sung-Ik,Han, Sun-Jung,Lee, Jai-Kyoo,Ha, Dae-Ho,Kang, Hyung-Won,Park, Joo-Young,Lee, Sung-Soo The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2008 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.4 No.2

Parkinson's disease (PD) progresses severely by a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Epidemiological studies showed that the incidences of PD were reduced by smoking of which the major component, nicotine might be neuroprotective. But the function of nicotine, which might suppress the incidences of PD, is still unknown. Fortunately, recently it was reported that a glial reaction and inflammatory processes might participate in a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. The levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ synthesised by astrocytes and microglia are elevated in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PD. TNF-${\alpha}$ kills the cultured dopaminergic neurons through the apoptosis mechanism. TNF-${\alpha}$ release from glial cells may mediate progression of nigral degeneration in PD. Nicotine pretreatment considerably decreases microglial activation with significant reduction of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression and TNF-${\alpha}$ release induced by lipopholysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Thus, this study was intended to explore the role of nicotine pretreatment to inhibit the expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in human fetal astrocytes (HFA) stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$. The results are as follows: HFA were pretreated with 0.1, 1, and $10{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine and then stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$ (100 pg/mL) for 2h. The inhibitory effect of nicotine on expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in HFA with pretreated $0.1{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine was first noted at 8hr, and the inhibitory effect was maximal at 12 h. The inhibitory effect at $1{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine was inhibited maximal at 24 h. Cytotoxic effects of nicotine were noted above $10{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine. Moreover, Nicotine at 0.1, 1 and $10{\mu}g/mL$concentrations significantly inhibited IL-$1{\beta}$-induced TF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Collectively, these results indicate that in activated HFA, nicotine may inhibit the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA through the pathway which suppresses the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. This study suggests that nicotine might be neuroprotective to dopaminergic neurons in the SN and reduce the incidences of PD.