Comparative Metabolic Analysis of Lactate for CHO Cells in Glucose and Galactose

Camila A. Wilkens,Claudia Altamirano,Ziomara P. Gerdtzen 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.4

t-PA producing CHO cells have been shown to undergo a metabolic shift when the culture medium is supplemented with a mixture of glucose and galactose. This metabolic change is characterized by the reincorporation of lactate and its use as an additional carbon source. The aim of this work is to understand lactate metabolism. To do so,Chinese hamster ovary cells were grown in batch cultures in four different conditions consisting in different combinations of glucose and galactose. In experiments supplemented with glucose, only lactate production was observed. Cultures with glucose and galactose consumed glucose first and produced lactate at the same time, after glucose depletion galactose consumption began and lactate uptake was observed. Comparison of the metabolic state of cells with and without the shift by metabolic flux analysis show that the metabolic fluxes distribution changes mostly in the reactions involving pyruvate metabolism. When not enough pyruvate is being produced for cells to support their energy requirements, lactate dehydrogenase complex changes the direction of the reaction yielding pyruvate to feed the TCA cycle. The slow change from high fluxes during glucose consumption to low fluxes in galactose consumption generates intracellular conditions that allow the influx of lactate. Lactate consumption is possible in cell cultures supplemented with glucose and galactose due to the low rates at which galactose is consumed. Evidence suggests that an excessive production and accumulation of pyruvate during glucose consumption leads to lactate production and accumulation inside the cell. Other internal conditions such as a decrease in internal pH, forces the flow of lactate outside the cell. After metabolic shift the intracellular pool of pyruvate, lactate and H+ drops permitting the reversal of the monocarboxylate transporter direction, therefore leading to lactate uptake. Metabolic analysis comparing glucose and galactose consumption indicates that after metabolic shift not enough pyruvate is produced to supply energy metabolism and lactate is used for pyruvate synthesis. In addition, MFA indicates that most carbon consumed during low carbon flux is directed towards maintaining energy metabolism.

Well log, core and sediment property analysis of the Second Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition

Senay Horozal,Gil Young Kim,Roy H. Wilkens,Jang Jun Bahk,Dong Geun Yoo 대한지질학회 2013 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.10

Core and sediment physical property correlation of the second Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition (UBGH2) results in the East Sea (Japan Sea)

Horozal, Senay,Kim, Gil Young,Bahk, Jang Jun,Wilkens, Roy H.,Yoo, Dong Geun,Ryu, Byong Jae,Kim, Seong Pil Elsevier 2015 Marine and petroleum geology Vol.59 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We analyzed the data consist of core digital images and X-rays, core-logs, LWD (logging-while-drilling), and sediment grain-size from the second Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition (UBGH2) in the East Sea. Core digital images and X-rays were spliced as a complete composite core in meters below seafloor (mbsf) for five sites; UBGH2-1_1 (Hole D), 2_1 (B), 2_2 (B), 2-6 (B) and 2-10 (C–D), and were correlated with the core-log and LWD measurements showing that possible gas hydrate bearing layers are between the depths of about 60–180 mbsf at these sites. Bulk densities generally increase with depth from 1.3 to 2.0 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP> in LWD data, and from 1.1 to 1.8 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP> onboard which measured lower than in-situ. Gas hydrate bearing sediments respond with an increase of LWD densities (1.4–1.6 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>) and a decrease in core-logs (1.1–1.4 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>). P-wave velocity values of LWD increase (1400 to 1700 m/s) with depth for non-reservoirs, and are high (1500 and 2000 m/s) within the gas hydrate bearing intervals depending on the hydrate saturations.Resistivity values logged onboard range from less than 1.0 to over 10.0 Ω-m, while LWD records are around 1.0 Ω-m and between 5.0 and 30.0 Ω-m in background sediments and possible gas hydrate reservoirs, respectively. High resistivity values were observed (5.0–30.0 Ω-m) within coarse-grained turbidites (mean grain-size between 2.9 and 5.1 ϕ; laminated sandy mud or muddy sands). Medium resistivities were observed (5.0 Ω-m) within the silt-dominant hemi-pelagic and turbiditic sediments (5.1–7.4 ϕ; crudely laminated, bioturbated, homogeneous sand, and disintegrated sand and sandy mud facies) bearing pore-filling gas hydrates, or disseminated gas hydrates either formed in pores or small fractures of fine-grained sediments. Core-log measurements are highly fluctuating and sensitive but mostly lower (e.g., density and resistivity) than LWD records.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> UBGH2 (the Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition 2) was performed. </LI> <LI> Digital images and X-rays of gas hydrate bearing-sediments were examined. </LI> <LI> Core image data and LWD log data were compared and studied. </LI> <LI> We suggest the relationships between gas hydrate occurrences and lithological conditions and physical properties. </LI> </UL> </P>

Portion Sizes from 24-Hour Dietary Recalls Differed by Sex among Those Who Selected the Same Portion Size Category on a Food Frequency Questionnaire

Kang, Minji,Park, Song-Yi,Boushey, Carol J.,Wilkens, Lynne R.,Monroe, Kristine R.,Le Marchand, Loï,c,Kolonel, Laurence N.,Murphy, Suzanne P.,Paik, Hee-Young Elsevier 2018 Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Vol.118 No.9

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Accounting for sex differences in food portions may improve dietary measurement; however, this factor has not been well examined.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in reported food portions from 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDRs) among those who selected the same portion size category on a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ).</P> <P><B>Design</B></P> <P>This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design.</P> <P><B>Participants/setting</B></P> <P>Participants (n=319) were members of the Hawaii–Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort who completed three 24HDRs and a QFFQ in a calibration study conducted in 2010 and 2011.</P> <P><B>Main outcome measures</B></P> <P>Portions of individual foods reported from 24HDRs served as the outcome measures.</P> <P><B>Statistical analyses performed</B></P> <P>Mean food portions from 24HDRs were compared between men and women who reported the same portion size on the QFFQ, after adjustment for race/ethnicity using a linear regression model. Actual amount and the assigned amount of the selected portion size in the QFFQ were compared using one-sample <I>t</I> test for men and women separately.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Of 163 food items with portion size options listed in the QFFQ, 32 were reported in 24HDRs by ≥20 men and ≥20 women who selected the same portion size in the QFFQ. Although they chose the same portion size on the QFFQ, mean intake amounts from 24HDRs were significantly higher for men than for women for “beef/lamb/veal,” “white rice,” “brown/wild rice,” “lettuce/tossed salad,” “eggs cooked/raw,” “whole wheat/rye bread,” “buns/rolls,” and “mayonnaise in sandwiches.” For men, mean portions of 14 items from the 24HDRs were significantly different from the assigned amounts for QFFQ items (seven higher and seven lower), whereas for women, mean portions of 14 items were significantly lower from the assigned amounts (with five significantly higher).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These sex differences in reported 24HDR food portions—even among participants who selected the same portion size on the QFFQ—suggest that the use of methods that account for differences in the portions consumed by men and women when QFFQs are quantified may provide more accurate absolute dietary intakes.</P>

Laboratory/In situ Sound Velocities of Shelf Sediments in the South Sea of Korea

Kim, Dae-Choul,Kim, Gil-Young,Jung, Ja-Hun,Seo, Young-Kyo,Wilkens, Roy H.,Yoo, Dong-Geun,Lee, Gwang-Hoon,Kim, Jeong-Chang,Yi, Hi-Il,Cifci, Gunay The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2008 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.11 No.2

Compressional sound velocities of shelf sediments in the South Sea of Korea, were measured in situ and in the laboratory for six cores. In situ sound velocity was measured using the Acoustic Lance (frequency of 7.5-15 kHz), while laboratory velocity was measured by the pulse transmission technique (frequency of 1MHz). Physical properties were relatively uniform with sediment depth, suggesting little effect of sediment compaction and/or consolidation. Average in situ velocity at each core site ranged from 1,457 to 1,488 m/s, which was less than the laboratory velocity of 1,503 and 1,604m/s. In muddy sediments the laboratory velocity was 39-47 m/s higher than in situ velocity. In sandy sediments, the difference was greater by an average of 116 m/s. Although the velocity data were corrected by the velocity ratio method based on bottom water temperature, the laboratory velocity was still higher than the in situ velocity (11-21 m/s in muddy sediments and 91 m/s in sandy sediments). This discrepancy may be caused by sediment disturbance during core collection and/or by the pressure of Acoustic Lance insertion, but it was most likely due to the frequency difference between in situ and laboratory measurement systems. Thus, when correcting laboratory velocity to in situ velocity, it is important to consider both temperature and frequency.

Sediment types determination using acoustic techniques in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

Gil Young Kim,Michael D,Dale L. Bibee,Dae Choul Kim,Roy H. Wilkens,Sung Ryul Shin,Shi Tae Song 한국지질과학협의회 2004 Geosciences Journal Vol.8 No.1

Normal incident acoustic techniques were used todetermine values of sediment properties (acoustic impedance,sound speed, bulk density, porosity, shear strength, water content,and mean grain size) and map those (acoustic impedance andgrain size) in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. The acoustic datawere acquired using a 11 kHz normal incident echo sounder overstrength was determined by the comparison of acoustic data tomeasured impedance from five core samples (ground truth data).This echo strength calibration was used for the entire data set. Val-ues of sediment properties were calculated from sediment imped-ance using the regressions compiled from the historical coredatabase. Comparison of ground truth and echo strength to datafrom 20 additional core locations shows close agreement. Discrep-ancies are probably due to navigation errors or weak returns indeeper water. In addition, sediment disturbance and frequency dis-persion can be considered. Using acoustic derived sediment prop-following types: sandy/silty clay (impedance, 1.6-2.0 106 kg/m2 s),sand-silt-clay and/or clayey sand (impedance, 2.01-2.40 106 kg/m2s), silt or fine sand (impedance, 2.41-2.90 106 kg/m2coarse sand (impedance, 2.91-4.0 106 kg/m2 s). The areal distri-butions of the four types coincide with the previous reports basedon sediment sampling. Therefore, the acoustic technique can effec-tively be used to define and classify sediments and map sedimentprovinces.

Telomere shortening and inactivation of cell cycle checkpoints characterize human hepatocarcinogenesis

Plentz, Ruben Raphael,Park, Young Nyun,Lechel, André,Kim, Haeryoung,Nellessen, Friederike,Langkopf, Britta Heike Eva,Wilkens, Ludwig,Destro, Annarita,Fiamengo, Barbara,Manns, Michael Peter,Ronca Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Hepatology Vol.45 No.4

<P>Telomere shortening and inactivation of cell cycle checkpoints characterize carcinogenesis. Whether these molecular features coincide at specific stages of human hepatocarcinogenesis is unknown. The preneoplasia–carcinoma sequence of human HCC is not well defined. Small cell changes (SCC) and large cell changes (LCC) are potential precursor lesions. We analyzed hepatocellular telomere length, the prevalence of DNA damage, and the expression of p21 and p16 in biopsy specimens of patients with chronic liver disease (n = 27) that showed different precursor lesions and/or HCC: liver cirrhosis (n = 25), LCC (n = 26), SCC (n = 13), and HCC (n = 13). The study shows a decrease in telomere length in nondysplastic cirrhotic liver compared with normal liver and a further significant shortening of telomeres in LCC, SCC, and HCC. HCC had the shortest telomeres, followed by SCC and LCC. Hepatocytes showed an increased p21 labeling index (p21-LI) at the cirrhosis stage, which remained elevated in most LCC. In contrast, most SCC and HCC showed a strongly reduced p21-LI. Similarly, p16 was strongly expressed in LCC but reduced in SCC and not detectable in HCC. γH2AX-DNA-damage-foci were not detected in LCC but were present in SCC and more frequently in HCC. These data indicate that LCC and SCC represent clonal expansions of hepatocytes with shortened telomeres. Conclusion: The inactivation of cell cycle checkpoints coincides with further telomere shortening and an accumulation of DNA damage in SCC and HCC, suggesting that SCC represent more advanced precursor lesions compared with LCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:968–976.)</P>

춘계학술대회 : 총회구연 ; 인체의 다단계 간암발생과정에서 틸로미어길이 감소와 p21-checkpoint의 불활성화

( Young Nyun Park ),( Ruben Raphael Plentz ),( Hae Ryoung Kim ),( Friederike Nellessen ),( Britta Heike Eva Langkopf ),( Ludwig Wilkens ),( Annarita Destro ),( Barbara Fiamengo ),( Michael Peter Manns 대한간학회 2007 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.13 No.3(S)

Laboratory/In situ Sound Velocities of Shelf Sediments in the South Sea of Korea

Dae Choul Kim,Gil Young Kim,Ja Hun Jung,Young Kyo Seo,Roy H. Wilkens,Dong Geun Yoo,Gwang Hoon Lee,Jeong Chang Kim,Hi Il Yi,Gunay Cifci 한국수산학회 2008 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.11 No.2

한국(韓國)에서의 정관수술(精管手術)과 심혈관질환(心血管疾患)으로 인한 사망(死亡)과의 관련성(關聯性) 연구(硏究)

공세권 ( Sae Kwon Kong ),조애저 ( Ae Jeo Cho ),맹광호 ( Kwang Ho Meng ),박찬무 ( Chan Moo Park ),( L-cheng Chi ),( Lynne R. Wilkens ),( James E. Higgins ),( Albert J. Siemens ),( Malcolm Potts ) 한국보건사회연구원 1986 保健社會硏究 Vol.6 No.2

This community-based case-control study was carried out in four cities in South Korea to examine whether vasectomy is associated with a long-term increased risk of cardiovascular death in Korean men. Korea was chosen for study because of its long established vasectomy program (>20 years), the relatively high vasectomy prevalence (12% among adult males) and its location in the Orient. Cases are 413 men who died at age 35~65 between October 1982 and September 1983, with an underlying cause of death, as reported in the death certificate, of ischemic heart disease ( N=29, ICD 410~414), non-traumatic cerebrovascular disease (N=295, ICD 430~438)or hypertensive disease (N=89, ICD 401~405). Each case was matched on age and parity to a living male from the same neighborhood. Wives of cases and controls were interviewed at home as surrogates. Univariate analysis of the association of vasectomy and cardiovascular death revealed an odds ratio of 1.4 (95% CLs=0.8~2.4). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlling for potentially confounding variables, revealed a lower adjusted odds ratio of 1.0 (95% CLs=0.4~2.4). Thus we did not detect an association between vasectomy and cardiovascular death in Korean men, nor did we detect a statistically significant increased risk for those subjects who had a vasectomy 15 years or longer (odds ratio= 1.3, 95% CLs=0.4~4.4). The results coincide with those from Western epidemiologic studies and do not support the vasectomy-atherosclerosis hypothesis originating from animal research.