Fiber Morphology and Physical Characteristics of Gigantochloa atter at Three Different Ages and Heights of Culms for Better Utilization1

Sri Nugroho Marsoem,Fajar Setiaji,Nam Hum Kim,Joko Sulistyo,Denny Irawati,Widyanto Dwi Nugroho,Yus Andini Bekti Pertiwi 한국목재공학회 2015 목재공학 Vol.43 No.2

Fiber morphology and basic characteristics of Legi bamboos (Gigantochloa atter) growing on Yogyakarta were studied considering their age and height positions in the culms. Culms of 4, 16, and 40 months were harvested, and their total lengths were measured. The length, diameter, and wall thickness of each internode were measured. All the sample culms were divided into three different parts along the height, and their fiber dimension and physical properties were observed. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that the culms had a diameter of 5.8 to 10.8 cm. The lowest internodes always showed the shortest length and the thickest wall. The culms had an average fiber length of 2.41 mm and Runkel ratio of 0.61. Fiber length was affected by the height, while fiber diameter, lumen diameter, and fiber wall thickness were affected significantly by the age of the culms. The culms had high green moisture content (GMC) of 157.89%, and basic density (BD) of 456.67 kg.m -3 , a total longitudinal shrinkage of 0.35%, and relatively low R/T shrinkage ratio. The interactions between age and height were affected GMC and BD.

Properties of Citric Acid-bonded Composite Board from Elephant Dung Fibers

( Ragil Widyorini ),( Greitta Kusuma Dewi ),( Widyanto Dwi Nugroho ),( Tibertius Agus Prayitno ),( Agus Sudibyo Jati ),( Muhammad Nanang Tejolaksono ) 한국목재공학회 2018 목재공학 Vol.46 No.2

An elephant digests only around 30~45% of what it consumes; therefore the undigested material mainly passes as intact fibres. Elephant food is usually composed of grass, leaves, twigs, bark, fruit and seed pods. This research aimed to utilize the elephant dung fibers as material for composite board and citric acid as a bonding agent. Citric acid contents in this research were set at 0 wt% (binderless composite board), 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt% based on dry weight particles, while the target density was set at 0.8 g/cm³. Pressing temperatures were set at 180℃ and 200℃ with the pressing time was 10 minutes. Physical and mechanical properties tests were then performed according to Japanese Industrial Standard A 5905. The result showed that elephant dung fibers could be used as potential materials for composite board. Addition of citric acid and pressing temperature significantly increased the quality of composite board. Infrared analysis indicated that the presence of ester linkages much higher with the increasing of citric acid content and pressing temperature. The optimum properties of composite board made from elephant dung fibers could be achieved at pressing temperature of 200℃ and a citric acid content of 20 wt%.

Chemical Properties and Fiber Dimension of Eucalyptus pellita from The 2nd Generation of Progeny Tests in Pelaihari, South Borneo, Indonesia

Ganis Lukmandaru,Umi Farah Zumaini,Djoko Soeprijadi,Widyanto Dwi Nugroho,Mudji Susanto 한국목재공학회 2016 목재공학 Vol.44 No.4

Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell is one of pulp woods that is being developed through breeding plantation programs in Indonesia. The research aimed at exploring the chemical and morphological characteristics of fiber, and to determine the rank of plus trees from 4 provenances based on the suitability for pulps. The materials included the plus trees of E. pellita (9 years) from the 2nd generation of progeny tests in Pelaihari, South Borneo. Wood properties under investigation included the chemical properties and morphological fiber characteristics (fiber dimensions and its derived properties). In the present study, data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Pearson``s correlation. Results showed that the chemical properties of E. pellita, i.e. the contents of ethanol-toluene extractives, hot water soluble extractives, holocellulose, alphacelullose, and lignin were 3.08 ± 1.00%, 1.41 ± 0.38%, 75.26 ± 2.58%, 49.02 ± 2.88%, and 29.49 ± 1.86%, respectively. The average values of wood fiber morphology were 1.02 ± 0.08 mm (fiber length), 13.25 ± 1.64 μm (fiber diameter), of 6.94 ± 1.70 μm (lumen diameter), 3.15 ± 0.52 μm (fiber wall thickness), 0.97 ± 0.30 (Runkel ratio), 0.57 ± 0.10 (Luce``s shape factor), 78.21 ± 10.34 (slenderness ratio) and 130.91 ± 33.77 × 10³ μm³ (solids factor). The AHP scoring rank indicated that the best individuals were 28.4.3.28 (Kiriwo Utara), 12.1.5.28 (North Kiriwo), 19.11.5.45 (Serisa Village), 3.8.4.9 (South Kiriwo), and 6.6.3.15 (South Kiriwo). Pearson correlation analysis showed significant correlations between the levels of fiber length with alpha-cellulose content (r = 0.39) as well as the fiber length with ethanol-toluene extractive contents (r = -0.41).

Determination of the Boundary between Juvenile–Mature Wood of Diospyros kaki and Their Wood Anatomical Variations

Eka KARTIKAWATI,BIENITTA,Fanany Wuri PRASTIWI,Widyanto Dwi Nugroho 한국목재공학회 2024 목재공학 Vol.52 No.3

Persimmon wood (Diospyros kaki) is a seasonal fruit-producing plant with a beautiful dark pattern in its wood that is suitable for high-quality furniture, sculptures and musical instruments. The utilization of persimmon wood can be improved by determining its anatomical characteristics, such as juvenile and mature wood. This study aimed to determine the boundaries between juvenile and mature wood and observe the anatomical properties of juvenile and mature wood and their variations in the axial direction. Three 30-year-old persimmon (D. kaki) trees grown in Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia, were used in this study. The boundary between juvenile and mature wood was determined by measuring the fiber length and vessel element length from near the pith to near the bark. Anatomical observations were conducted in the juvenile and mature wood areas. The results showed that the average boundaries between juvenile and mature wood were 44.11 mm from the pith and were not significantly different in the axial direction of the trees. Furthermore, the wood anatomy categories of juvenile and mature wood differed significantly in terms of fiber diameter, fiber proportion, vessel proportion, and axial parenchyma proportion. In the axial direction, vessel diameter, ray parenchyma frequency, and ray parenchyma proportion at the base, middle, and top of the tree were significantly different.

Determination of the Boundary between Juvenile-Mature Wood of Diospyros kaki and Their Wood Anatomical Variations

( Eka Kartikawati ),( Bienitta ),( Fanany Wuri Prastiwi ),( Widyanto Dwi Nugroho ) 한국목재공학회 2024 목재공학 Vol.52 No.2

Persimmon wood (Diospyros kaki) is a seasonal fruit-producing plant with a beautiful dark pattern in its wood that is suitable for high-quality furniture, sculptures and musical instruments. The utilization of persimmon wood can be improved by determining its anatomical characteristics, such as juvenile and mature wood. This study aimed to determine the boundaries between juvenile and mature wood and observe the anatomical properties of juvenile and mature wood and their variations in the axial direction. Three 30-year-old persimmon (D. kaki) trees grown in Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia, were used in this study. The boundary between juvenile and mature wood was determined by measuring the fiber length and vessel element length from near the pith to near the bark. Anatomical observations were conducted in the juvenile and mature wood areas. The results showed that the average boundaries between juvenile and mature wood were 44.11 mm from the pith and were not significantly different in the axial direction of the trees. Furthermore, the wood anatomy categories of juvenile and mature wood differed significantly in terms of fiber diameter, fiber proportion, vessel proportion, and axial parenchyma proportion. In the axial direction, vessel diameter, ray parenchyma frequency, and ray parenchyma proportion at the base, middle, and top of the tree were significantly different.

Effect of Improved Planting Stock on Tree Growth, Wood Properties, and Soil Fertility of Teak Plantations 10 Years After Planting

Widiyatno,Aris Wibowo,Dian Novitasari,Gama Widya Seta,Daryono Prehaten,Fanny Hidayati,Widyanto Dwi Nugroho,Suryo Hardiwinoto,Mohammad Naiem,Naoki Tani 한국산림과학회 2024 Forest Science And Technology Vol.20 No.1

Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) is one of the most economically valuable types of tropical forest because teak wood has high durability, resilience and good aesthetic qualities. Teak tree improvement in Indonesia was initiated in 1983 producing planting stock for reforestation, i.e. clonal seed orchards (CSO) to produce seedling as sexual reproduction (referred to seedling), and hedge orchards to produce shoot cuttings as asexual (vegetative) reproductive (referred to shoot cuttings). Teak plantations established using seedling and shoot cuttings should improve forest productivity. The objectives of this study were to compare the growth rate, wood properties, and soil fertility of teak plantations propagated using seedling and shoot cuttings. Three square plots of 100 trees (10�10 trees; 1,000 m2) were established on both types of plantation and tree growth characteristics, wood properties, and soil fertility were monitored. The tree growth characteristics were diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), clear bole height (CB), and volume of standing stock (Vss), and the wood properties included pilodyn penetration (PP) and stress wave velocity (SWV). Soil fertility was assessed from soil samples collected from three soil depths, with three replicates in each plot: 0–5 cm (top layer), 6–30 cm (middle layer), and 31–60 cm (bottom layer). Soil samples were analysed for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total calcium, and total magnesium. The results showed that the mean DBH, H, CB, and Vss differed significantly between the type of planting stock. The DBH, H, CB, and Vss values were 28.4%, 46.8%, 49.1%, and 130.1% higher, respectively, in teak plantations from shoot cuttings than from seedling. Moreover, the SWV of shoot cuttings planting stock plantation was 3.6% higher than from seedling. The mean PP did not differ significantly between teak plantations from shoot cuttings (22.00 mm) and seedling (21.80 mm). Furthermore, the planting stock did not affect soil fertility, which was highest in the top layer in all treatments. Our results suggest that teak plantations from shoot cuttings would increase growth, forest productivity, maintaining wood quality and soil fertility. Thus, it can maintain sustainable teak forest plantations.