四子成語에 關한 考察 : 形態上의 分類를 中心으로 以形態上分類爲中心

王忠儀 부산외국어대학 1984 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

處在急遽變化的現代潮流中, 無論是文, 或是話方面, 都在追求越扼要就越好的境地. 也就是說用一兩句話或一兩個句子, 便能把自己的意思傳達得天衣無縫, 千萬不可拖泥帶水, 說了半天或寫的是長篇大論, 最後還是使人大感不解. 於是基於這種觀點, 我們就不能不想到成語的功用了. 成語不僅在文言文中應用, 就是在白話文與口頭上也是不可缺的. 往往數十言不能達意的. 一用成語就令人豁然開朗, 拍膝叫絶的. 成語如此重要, 但是就是中國人, 用得恰到好處的能?位? 那 學習中國語文的外國人, 想要好好運用成語, 便便不是一件簡單的事情了. 想要好好的運用成語之第一條件是把常用的數千成語灌輪在腦海中. 故這篇小文章就是顧?到這一點, 把數千條成語歸納在數條公式 , 以助欲學習高級中國語文的外國學子之記憶, 而後能運用自如不至於弄成笑柄.

The Influence of Reconstruction Algorithm and Heart Rate on Coronary Artery Image Quality and Stenosis Detection at 64-Detector Cardiac CT

Yi-Ting Wang,Chung-Yi Yang,Jong-Kai Hsiao,Hon-Man Liu,Wen-Jen Lee,Yun Shen 대한영상의학회 2009 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.10 No.3

Objective: We wanted to evaluate the impact of two reconstruction algorithms (halfscan and multisector) on the image quality and the accuracy of measuring the severity of coronary stenoses by using a pulsating cardiac phantom with different heart rates (HRs). Materials and Methods: Simulated coronary arteries with different stenotic severities (25, 50, 75%) and different luminal diameters (3, 4, 5 mm) were scanned with a fixed pitch of 0.16 and a 0.35 second gantry rotation time on a 64-slice multidetector CT. Both reconstruction algorithms (halfscan and multisector) were applied to HRs of 40-120 beats per minute (bpm) at 10 bpm intervals. Three experienced radiologists visually assessed the image quality and they manually measured the stenotic severity. Results: Fewer measurement errors occurred with multisector reconstruction (p = 0.05), a slower HR (p < 0.001) and a larger luminal diameter (p = 0.014); measurement errors were not related with the observers or the stenotic severity. There was no significant difference in measurements as for the reconstruction algorithms below an HR of 70 bpm. More nonassessable segments were visualized with halfscan reconstruction (p = 0.004) and higher HRs (p < 0.001). Halfscan reconstruction had better quality scores when the HR was below 60 bpm, while multisector reconstruction had better quality scores when the HR was above 90 bpm. For the HRs between 60 and 90 bpm, both reconstruction modes had similar quality scores. With excluding the nonassessable segments, both reconstruction algorithms achieved a similar mean measured stenotic severity and similar standard deviations. Conclusion: At a higher HR (above 90 bpm), multisector reconstruction had better temporal resolution, fewer nonassessable segments, better quality scores and better accuracy of measuring the stenotic severity in this phantom study. Objective: We wanted to evaluate the impact of two reconstruction algorithms (halfscan and multisector) on the image quality and the accuracy of measuring the severity of coronary stenoses by using a pulsating cardiac phantom with different heart rates (HRs). Materials and Methods: Simulated coronary arteries with different stenotic severities (25, 50, 75%) and different luminal diameters (3, 4, 5 mm) were scanned with a fixed pitch of 0.16 and a 0.35 second gantry rotation time on a 64-slice multidetector CT. Both reconstruction algorithms (halfscan and multisector) were applied to HRs of 40-120 beats per minute (bpm) at 10 bpm intervals. Three experienced radiologists visually assessed the image quality and they manually measured the stenotic severity. Results: Fewer measurement errors occurred with multisector reconstruction (p = 0.05), a slower HR (p < 0.001) and a larger luminal diameter (p = 0.014); measurement errors were not related with the observers or the stenotic severity. There was no significant difference in measurements as for the reconstruction algorithms below an HR of 70 bpm. More nonassessable segments were visualized with halfscan reconstruction (p = 0.004) and higher HRs (p < 0.001). Halfscan reconstruction had better quality scores when the HR was below 60 bpm, while multisector reconstruction had better quality scores when the HR was above 90 bpm. For the HRs between 60 and 90 bpm, both reconstruction modes had similar quality scores. With excluding the nonassessable segments, both reconstruction algorithms achieved a similar mean measured stenotic severity and similar standard deviations. Conclusion: At a higher HR (above 90 bpm), multisector reconstruction had better temporal resolution, fewer nonassessable segments, better quality scores and better accuracy of measuring the stenotic severity in this phantom study.

The Frequency Distribution of Inter-Event Times of M ≥ 3 Earthquakes in the Taipei Metropolitan Area: 1973 - 2010

Wang, Jeen-Hwa,Chen, Kou-Cheng,Lee, Shiann-Jong,Huang, Win-Gee,Wu, Yi-Hsuan,Leu, Pei-Ling Chinese Geoscience Union 2012 TAO Vol.23 No.3

Optimal Multi-model Ensemble Method in Seasonal Climate Prediction

Jong-Seong Kug,June-Yi Lee,In-Sik Kang,Bin Wang,Chung-Kyu Park 한국기상학회 2008 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.44 No.3

中國諺語硏究 : 關乎於言語方面的爲中心

王忠儀 부산외국어대학 1983 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

한국俗談에 「고기는 씹어야 맛이요. 말은 해야 맛이다」 라는 말과 또한 「낮말은 새가 듣고 밤말은 쥐가 듣는다」라는 말 또한 「발없는 말이 千里간다」라는 말이외에도 「오는말이 고와야 가는 말이 곱다」는 말들과 같이 俗談중에서도 이 言語行爲 즉, 듣고 말하는 것에 관한 항목이 꽤 많이 있다고 생각한다. 이 속담이라고 하는 것은 한 나라의 생활습관, 풍습, 민속등 과거의 다양했던 자료들을 제공해주는 아주좋은 전달체이다. 이 속담을 통해서 우리는 여러나라들의 종전의 생활을 적나라하게 찾아볼 수 가 있는 것이고, 반대로 우리가 어떤나라의 전해져 내려오는 전통적 풍습을 알기위해서는 바로 이 속담을 통해 여러가지를 엿볼 수도 있는 것이다. 이런 관점에서 중국이란 거대한 나라를 알기 위해서 필수불가결한 요소가 바로 이 속담의 연구라고 생각된다. 그것은 피상적인것이 아닌 실질적 內面世界 즉, 중국인의 심리구조, 사고방식, 풍속 및 습관에 깊숙히 파고 들 수 있는 원칙적인 方法이기 때문이다. 그럼 중국의 수많은 속담가운데서도 위에 이미 언급하였던바, 인간의 언어행위 즉, 言, 設,話, 語에 직접 관계되는 것들만을 다음의 주제별로 간추려 놓도록 하겠다. 一, 年老한 사람들이 그들의 풍부한 경험으로 말미암아 얻은 지혜를 젊은이에게 물려줄때 사용되는 문화전승의 도구로서의 속담들. 二, 상대방에게 자기의 마음을 드러내고 친교함으로 원만한 인간사회를 만들어 나갈수 있는 기틀로서의 속담들. 三, 인간이 의식주를 갖춘후에 마땅히 해야할 인간의 도리를 일러주는 간접적인 방편으로서의 속담들. 四, 사람의 오욕칠정을 그대로 표현하여 인간의 본연의 자세를 깨닫게 해주는데 사용되는 속담. 五, 난삽한 여러의견들을 한곳에 모음으로써 사회적 단결을 도모하기위한 수단으로서의 속담. 六, 말이란 것은 남을 기쁘게 할수 있는 성격을 지니고 있기도 하지만 반대로 남의 기분을 상하게 하는 요소도 다분하기 때문에 이 말을 조심스럽게 해야 한다는 것을 넌지시 일러주는 도구로서의 속담. 七. 인간사회속에서는 일반적인 성향이 남을 헐뜯는 경우가 많은데 그러한 것을 배제하고 남을 도와주어 일을 하나라도 성사시켜주는 수단으로서의 속담. 八. 파란만장한 인생을 살아온 결과 너무 약삭빠른 인간처세를 피함과 동시에 또한, 너무 정직하고 융통성없는 삶을 살아서도 안된다는식의 교훈을 주는 도구로서의 속담. 九. 말은 혀로서 내뱉는 단순한것에 불과하지만 이 말로써 사람을 죽일수도 있으니 말조심하라는 속담. 十. 말은 또 다른 말을 낳을수 있는 소지가 많기 때문에 가능한한 말을 적게하여 침묵을 지키라는 속담. 十一. 美辭麗句가 아무리 많이 섞인 말인들 그 내용에 진실성이 결핍되어 있는 말은 실상은 값어치가 전혀 없게되므로 아름다운 형식보다는 진실한 내용을 중요시하라는 속담. 十二. 인간은 과장하는 버릇이 있어 쓸데없이 지나치게 과장하다보면 남에게 혐오감은 물론 오해를 살 수 있다는 속담. 이상과 같은 여러가지 주제별 속담 분류를 통하여서 우리는 언어행위를 중심으로한 중국의 풍속습관, 언어도덕을 엿 볼수 있는 것이다.

Isolation of adipose-derived stem cells by using a subfractionation culturing method

Yi, TacGhee,Kim, Wang-Kyun,Choi, Joon-Seok,Song, Seung Yong,Han, Juhee,Kim, Ji Hye,Kim, Won-Serk,Park, Sang Gyu,Lee, Hyun-Joo,Cho, Yun Kyoung,Hwang, Sung-Joo,Song, Sun U,Sung, Jong-Hyuk Informa UK, Ltd. 2014 Expert opinion on biological therapy Vol.14 No.11

<P><B><I>Objective:</I></B> Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue have been tested in clinical trials. However, ASCs isolated by enzyme digestion and centrifugation are heterogeneous and exhibit wide variation in regenerative potential and clinical outcomes. Therefore, we developed a new method for isolating clonal ASCs (cASCs) that does not use enzyme digestion or centrifugation steps.</P><P><B><I>Research design and methods:</I></B> In addition to cell surface markers and differentiation potential, we compared the mitogenic, paracrine and hair growth-promoting effects of ASCs isolated by the gradient centrifugation method (GCM) or by the new subfractionation culturing method (SCM).</P><P><B><I>Results:</I></B> We selected three cASCs isolated by SCM that showed high rates of proliferation. The cell surface markers expressed by ASCs isolated by GCM or SCM were very similar, and SCM-isolated ASCs could potentially differentiate into different cell lineages. However, cASC lines exhibited better mitogenic and paracrine effects than ASCs isolated by GCM. The expression of Diras3, Myb, Cdca7, Mki67, Rrm2, Cdk1 and Ccna2, which may play a key role in cASC proliferation, was upregulated in cASCs. In addition, cASCs exhibited enhanced hair growth-promoting effects in dermal papilla cells and animal experiments.</P><P><B><I>Conclusions:</I></B> SCM generates a highly homogeneous population of ASCs via a simple and effective procedure that can be used in therapeutic settings.</P>

Design tables and charts for uniform and non-uniform tuned liquid column dampers in harmonic pitching motion

Jong-Cheng Wu,Yen-Po Wang,Yi-Hsuan Chen 국제구조공학회 2012 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.9 No.2

In the first part of the paper, the optimal design parameters for tuned liquid column dampers (TLCD) in harmonic pitching motion were investigated. The configurations in design tables include uniform and non-uniform TLCDs with cross-sectional ratios of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 2 and 3 for the design in different situations. A closed-form solution of the structural response was used for performing numerical optimization. The results from optimization indicate that the optimal structural response always occurs when the two resonant peaks along the frequency axis are equal. The optimal frequency tuning ratio, optimal head loss coefficient, the corresponding response and other useful quantities are constructed in design tables as a guideline for practitioners. As the value of the head loss coefficient is only available through experiments, in the second part of the paper, the prediction of head loss coefficients in the form of a design chart are proposed based on a series of large scale tests in pitching base motions, aiming to ease the predicament of lacking the information of head loss for those who wishes to make designs without going through experimentation. A large extent of TLCDs with cross-sectional ratios of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 2 and 3 and orifice blocking ratios ranging from 0%, 20%,40%, 60% to 80% were inspected by means of a closed-form solution under harmonic base motion for identification. For the convenience of practical use, the corresponding empirical formulas for predicting head loss coefficients of TLCDs in relation to the cross-sectional ratio and the orifice blocking ratio were also proposed. For supplemental information to horizontal base motion, the relation of head loss values versus blocking ratios and the corresponding empirical formulas were also presented in the end.

베어링 편심도와 자세각에 따른 저어널 베어링의 윤활효과

김종도(Jong-Do Kim),왕일군(Yi-Jun Wang),윤문철(Moon-Chul Yoon) 한국기계가공학회 2015 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.14 No.5

The thickness of adsorbed molecular layers is the most critical factor in studying thin-film lubrication, and it is the most essential parameter that distinguishes thin-film from thick-film lubrication analysis. The thin film between the shaft and bearing surface within a very narrow gap was considered. The general Reynolds equation has been derived for calculating thin-film lubrication parameters affecting the performance of the circular journal bearing. Investigation of the load-carrying capacity and pressure distribution for the journal bearing considering the adsorbed layer thickness has been carried out. A Reynolds equation appropriate for the journal bearing is used in this paper for the analysis, and it is discussed using the finite difference method of the central difference scheme. The parameters, such as eccentricity and attitude angle, are used for discussing the load-carrying capacity of the journal bearing. The results reported in this paper should be applied to analysis of the journal bearing with different lubrication factors. The steady-state analysis of the journal bearing is conducted using the Reynolds model under thin-film lubrication conditions. For a journal bearing, several parameters, such as a pressure, load capacity, and pressure components of the bearing can be obtained, and these results can be stored in a sequential data file for later analysis. Finally, their distribution can be displayed and analyzed easily by using the MATLAB GUI technique. The load-carrying capability of the journal bearing is observed for the specified operating conditions. This work could be helpful for the understanding and research of the mechanism of thin-film lubrication.

Design tables and charts for uniform and non-uniform tuned liquid column dampers in harmonic pitching motion

Wu, Jong-Cheng,Wang, Yen-Po,Chen, Yi-Hsuan Techno-Press 2012 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.9 No.2

In the first part of the paper, the optimal design parameters for tuned liquid column dampers (TLCD) in harmonic pitching motion were investigated. The configurations in design tables include uniform and non-uniform TLCDs with cross-sectional ratios of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 2 and 3 for the design in different situations. A closed-form solution of the structural response was used for performing numerical optimization. The results from optimization indicate that the optimal structural response always occurs when the two resonant peaks along the frequency axis are equal. The optimal frequency tuning ratio, optimal head loss coefficient, the corresponding response and other useful quantities are constructed in design tables as a guideline for practitioners. As the value of the head loss coefficient is only available through experiments, in the second part of the paper, the prediction of head loss coefficients in the form of a design chart are proposed based on a series of large scale tests in pitching base motions, aiming to ease the predicament of lacking the information of head loss for those who wishes to make designs without going through experimentation. A large extent of TLCDs with cross-sectional ratios of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 2 and 3 and orifice blocking ratios ranging from 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% to 80% were inspected by means of a closed-form solution under harmonic base motion for identification. For the convenience of practical use, the corresponding empirical formulas for predicting head loss coefficients of TLCDs in relation to the cross-sectional ratio and the orifice blocking ratio were also proposed. For supplemental information to horizontal base motion, the relation of head loss values versus blocking ratios and the corresponding empirical formulas were also presented in the end.

저어널 베어링의 베어링 인자에 따른 윤활효과분석

김종도(Jong-Do Kim),진도훈(Do-Hun Chin),왕일군(Yi-Jun Wang),곽재섭(Jae-Sub Kwak),윤문철(Moon-Chul Yoon) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2015 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.4