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Provencal, J. L.,Montgomery, M. H.,Kanaan, A.,Thompson, S. E.,Dalessio, J.,Shipman, H. L.,Childers, D.,Clemens, J. C.,Rosen, R.,Henrique, P.,Bischoff-Kim, A.,Strickland, W.,Chandler, D.,Walter, B.,Wat IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.751 No.2
<P>We report on an analysis of 308.3 hr of high-speed photometry targeting the pulsating DA white dwarf EC14012-1446. The data were acquired with the Whole Earth Telescope during the 2008 international observing run XCOV26. The Fourier transform of the light curve contains 19 independent frequencies and numerous combination frequencies. The dominant peaks are 1633.907, 1887.404, and 2504.897 mu Hz. Our analysis of the combination amplitudes reveals that the parent frequencies are consistent with modes of spherical degree l = 1. The combination amplitudes also provide m identifications for the largest amplitude parent frequencies. Our seismology analysis, which includes 2004-2007 archival data, confirms these identifications, provides constraints on additional frequencies, and finds an average period spacing of 41 s. Building on this foundation, we present nonlinear fits to high signal-to-noise light curves from the SOAR 4.1 m, McDonald 2.1 m, and KPNO 2 m telescopes. The fits indicate a time-averaged convective response timescale of tau(0) = 99.4 +/- 17 s, a temperature exponent N = 85 +/- 6.2, and an inclination angle of theta(i) = 32 degrees.9 +/- 3 degrees.2. We present our current empirical map of the convective response timescale across the DA instability strip.</P>
Carlos Walter Sobrado Júnior,Carlos de Almeida Obregon,Afonso Henrique da Silva e Sousa Júnior,Lucas Faraco Sobrado,Sérgio Carlos Nahas,Ivan Cecconello 대한대장항문학회 2020 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.36 No.4
Purpose: Present an updated classification for symptomatic hemorrhoids, which not only guides the treatment of internal hemorrhoids but also the treatment of external components. In addition, this new classification includes new treatment alternatives created over the last few years. Methods: Throughout the past 7 years, the authors developed a method to classify patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids. This study, besides presenting this classification proposal, also retrospectively analyzed 149 consecutive patients treated between March 2011 and November 2013 and aimed to evaluate the association between the management adopted with Goligher classification and our proposed BPRST classification. Results: Both classifications had a statistically significant association with the adopted management strategies. However, the BPRST classification tended to have fewer management discrepancies when each stage of disease was individually analyzed. Conclusion: Although there is much disagreement about how the classification of hemorrhoidal disease should be updated, it is accepted that some kind of revision is needed. The BPRST method showed a strong association with the management that should be adopted for each stage of the disease. Further studies are needed for its validation, but the current results are encouraging.
Influence of Global versus Local Rating Agencies to Japanese Financial Firms
Seung Hun Han,Walter J. Reinhart,Yoon S. Shin 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.5 No.4
Global rating agencies, such as Moody’s and S&P, have assigned credit ratings to corporate bonds issued by Japanese firms since 1980s. Local Japanese rating agencies, such as R&I and JCR, have more market share than the global raters. We examine the yield spreads of 1,050 yen-denominated corporate bonds issued by financial firms in Japan from 1998 to 2014 and find no evidence that bonds rated by at least one global agency are associated with a significant reduction in the cost of debt as compared to those rated by only local rating agencies. Unlike non-financial firms, the reputation effect of global rating agencies does not exist for Japanese financial firms. We also observe that firms with less information asymmetry are more likely to acquire ratings from Moody’s or S&P. Additionally, the firm’s financial profile does not affect its choice to seek out ratings from global raters. Our findings are contradictory to those by Han, Pagano, and Shin (2012), who employ bonds issued by non-financial firms in Japan. Our conjecture is that the asymmetric nature of financial firms makes investors less likely to depend on a credit risk assessment by rating agencies in determining the yields of new bonds.
S. K. Han(한상규),Kevin R Boldt,K. J. Chun(전경진),Walter Herzog,Venus Joumaa Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11월
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been widely used for the treatment of muscle stiffness and hyperactivity, such as spasticity and dystonia in patients post-stroke or children with Cerebral Palsy. However, BTX-A injection has been shown to cause muscle atrophy, fat infiltration, fibrosis, and decreased force output in target muscles, but its potential effects on the contractile machinery and force production on the cellular level remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BTX-A injections on the mechanical properties of skinned fibres from rabbit paraspinal muscles. Nineteen-month-old rabbits received either saline or BTX-A injections into the paraspinal muscles, equally distributed along the left and right sides of the spine at T12, L1, and L2 for five times during 24 weeks. Fibres were tested for their active and passive force-length relationships, unloaded shortening velocity and myosin heavy chain isoforms. BTX-A injections led to significant fat infiltration within the injected muscles and a greater proportion of IIa to IIx fibres. Single fast fibres from BTX-A injected animals had lower active force and unloaded shortening velocity compared to fibres from saline-injected control animals. Force and velocity properties were not affected by BTX-A injections for the slow fibres.
Hong, S. O.,Lee, C. Y.,Jung, J.,Kim, D. Y.,Walter, C.,Kwon, Y. D. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Clinical oral investigations Vol.21 No.5
<P>Long-term bisphosphonate therapy became a major risk factor for the osteomyelitis and osteonecrosis of the jaws. Thorough medical history, taking would be essential and communication with prescribing physicians should be emphasized during the dental treatment planning.</P>
Protein dynamics viewed by hydrogen exchange.
Skinner, John J,Lim, Woon K,B?dard, Sabrina,Black, Ben E,Englander, S Walter Cambridge University Press 2012 Protein science Vol.21 No.7
<P>To examine the relationship between protein structural dynamics and measurable hydrogen exchange (HX) data, the detailed exchange behavior of most of the backbone amide hydrogens of Staphylococcal nuclease was compared with that of their neighbors, with their structural environment, and with other information. Results show that H-bonded hydrogens are protected from exchange, with HX rate effectively zero, even when they are directly adjacent to solvent. The transition to exchange competence requires a dynamic structural excursion that removes H-bond protection and allows exposure to solvent HX catalyst. The detailed data often make clear the nature of the dynamic excursion required. These range from whole molecule unfolding, through smaller cooperative unfolding reactions of secondary structural elements, and down to local fluctuations that involve as little as a single peptide group or side chain or water molecule. The particular motion that dominates the exchange of any hydrogen is the one that allows the fastest HX rate. The motion and the rate it produces are determined by surrounding structure and not by nearness to solvent or the strength of the protecting H-bond itself or its acceptor type (main chain, side chain, structurally bound water). Many of these motions occur over time scales that are appropriate for biochemical function.</P>