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The Biometric Prison: Technological Advancements in Tracking Inmates and Staff
Walker,Jeffrey T.,Rocio Roles 아시아교정포럼 2012 교정담론 Vol.6 No.1
이 연구는 교도소에서 바이오메트릭 기술의 이용의 기본을 다룬다. 이를 위해 먼저 출입통제의 역사와 바이오메트릭 기술을 소개한다. 그리고 현재의 바이오메트릭 기술과 이것이 교도소의 작동을 어떻게 변화시키는지를 다룬다. 바이오메트릭 시스템을 현장에서 사용하는 것은 이 연구의 제 삼장에서 다룬다. 미래의 바이오메트릭 기술 및 기술의 발달과 함께 앞으로 교도소가 어떻게 변할지를 살펴보며 마무리 짓는다.
High-resolution metabolomics of occupational exposure to trichloroethylene
Walker, Douglas I,Uppal, Karan,Zhang, Luoping,Vermeulen, Roel,Smith, Martyn,Hu, Wei,Purdue, Mark P,Tang, Xiaojiang,Reiss, Boris,Kim, Sungkyoon,Li, Laiyu,Huang, Hanlin,Pennell, Kurt D,Jones, Dean P,Rot Oxford University Press 2016 International journal of epidemiology Vol.45 No.5
<P><B>Background:</B> Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) has been linked to adverse health outcomes including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and kidney and liver cancer; however, TCE’s mode of action for development of these diseases in humans is not well understood.</P><P><B>Methods:</B> Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of plasma obtained from 80 TCE-exposed workers [full shift exposure range of 0.4 to 230 parts-per-million of air (ppm<SUB>a</SUB>)] and 95 matched controls were completed by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Biological response to TCE exposure was determined using a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) framework, with metabolic changes and plasma TCE metabolites evaluated by dose-response and pathway enrichment. Biological perturbations were then linked to immunological, renal and exposure molecular markers measured in the same population.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Metabolic features associated with TCE exposure included known TCE metabolites, unidentifiable chlorinated compounds and endogenous metabolites. Exposure resulted in a systemic response in endogenous metabolism, including disruption in purine catabolism and decreases in sulphur amino acid and bile acid biosynthesis pathways. Metabolite associations with TCE exposure included uric acid (<I>β</I> = 0.13, <I>P</I>-value = 3.6 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>), glutamine (<I>β</I> = 0.08, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0013), cystine (<I>β</I> = 0.75, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0022), methylthioadenosine (<I>β</I> = −1.6, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0043), taurine (<I>β</I> = −2.4, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0011) and chenodeoxycholic acid (<I>β</I> = −1.3, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0039), which are consistent with known toxic effects of TCE, including immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Correlation with additional exposure markers and physiological endpoints supported known disease associations.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> High-resolution metabolomics correlates measured occupational exposure to internal dose and metabolic response, providing insight into molecular mechanisms of exposure-related disease aetiology.</P>
Interfacial engineering for highly efficient organic solar cells
Walker Bright James,최효성,김진영 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.3
Interfacial engineering using metal oxides, organic surface modifiers and other materials can effectively enhance the performance of conventional and inverted organic solar cells by reducing energy barriers for charge transport, while improving compatibility between organic active layer and inorganic metal oxides or transparent conducting electrodes. This short review introduces several important classes of interfacial materials which have been widely successful in improving the efficiency of organic solar cells, and covers some of the recent advances in this field.
Governance of Olympic Environmental Stakeholders
Walker J. Ross,Becca Leopkey,Haylee Uecker Mercado 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2019 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.4 No.4
The purpose of this paper was to examine the governance mechanisms that the International Olympic Committee (IOC) utilizes to govern environmental stakeholders in the management of the Olympic Games. A case study was built focusing on archival data from the Olympic Movement. Via a qualitative approach, content analysis was employed to interpret this archival data. Several environmental stakeholders were considered aside from the IOC: Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOGs), local governments, environmental organizations, and sponsors. The IOC utilized a number of policy governance mechanisms to encourage the inclusion of environmental stakeholders into the management of Games. These included a combination of coercive, framework, and voluntarism policies as well as the Host City Contract. These modes of policy governance contribute to the sport event management literature by providing an outline of the most influential environmental stakeholders in the Movement and how the IOC enforces their inclusion and compliance.
Effect of Heterocyclic Anchoring Sequence on the Properties of Dithienogermole-Based Solar Cells
Walker, Bright,Han, Daehee,Moon, Mijin,Park, Song Yi,Kim, Ka-Hyun,Kim, Jin Young,Yang, Changduk American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.8
<P>The synthesis and characterization of two new small molecular donor materials, DTGe(ThFBTTh2)(2) and DTGe(FBTTh3)(2), are presented for application in organic solar cells. These two materials represent structural evolutions of the high-efficiency, dithienogermole (DTGe)-cored small molecule DTGe(FBTTh2)(2), in which the conjugation length in the backbone was extended by incorporating additional thiophene units. Using the same molecular framework, we have evaluated how the anchoring sequence of heterocyclic units influences material properties and function in solar cell devices. It was found that incorporating additional thiophene units into the backbone, regardless of the position in the molecular platform, caused a small reduction in band gaps; however, both highest occupied molecular orbitals and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy bands were at lower energies when the thiophenes were incorporated near the terminus of the molecule. The film morphologies of both materials could be controlled by either thermal or solvent vapor annealing to yield phase separation on the order of tens of nanometers and improved crystallinity. Peak power-conversion efficiencies of 3.6% and 3.1% were obtained using DTGe(ThFBTTh2)(2) and DTGe(FBTTh3)(2), after solvent vapor treatment and thermal annealing, respectively. Our study provides a detailed analysis of how the ordering sequence of heterocyclic building blocks influences the properties and function of organic solar cells.</P>
Walker Gregory B.,Wang Alick P.,Hadwen Jeremiah,Erdenebold Undrakh-Erdene,Bebedjian Razmik,Sullivan Patrick,Santos Marlise P.,Chenier Chad,Karwaski Stephen,Caron Katie,Varga Gabriella,Lyon Jennifer,Le 대한신경중재치료의학회 2023 Neurointervention Vol.18 No.1
We describe a minimally invasive endovascular approach to treat an arteriovenous fistula of the scalp. We performed a direct puncture of the lesion through the patient’s scalp for liquid embolic agent injection along with external compression of the superficial temporal artery to perform a “manual pressure-cooker technique.” The combination of these minimally invasive techniques resulted in an excellent clinical and radiographic outcome.
An Extended Theory of Scalars Inspired by Supersymmetry
Walker, M.L. 경희대학교 자연과학종합연구원 2003 자연과학논문집 Vol.9 No.2
If supersymmetry is a fundamental symmetry of nature then it can only be exact at energies greater than the electroweak scale. Nonetheless, after supersymmetry breaking the particle spectrum should remain unchanged, although the particle masses will be altered. In particular, the auxiliary fields of scalar particles must either be absorbed somehow by the symmetry breaking process or remain afterwards. Current quantum field theories with scalar fields assume them to have no off mass-shell degrees of freedom, making them unique amongst quantum fields. Supersymmetry accomodates this by including auxiliary fields, which are expressed as functions of the other fields on mass-shell, effectively removing their degrees of freedom. We argue that the auxiliary fields should still be present off mass-shell, even after supersymmetry breaking, and present an appropriate notation for this situation. We then argue by analogy with supersymmetric QED that these auxiliary components should make a contribution to quantum corrections at two loops and higher.