Impact of low temperature plasma annealing for flexible, transparent and conductive ITO/PEDOT:PSS composite electrode

Vivekanandan Ramana,Yong-Hwan Choa,Jin-Hyeok Park,Han-Ki Kima 한국진공학회 2020 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2020 No.8

Impact of low temperature plasma annealing for flexible, transparent and conductive ITO/PEDOT:PSS composite electrode

Vivekanandan Raman,Yong-Hwan Cho,Jin-Hyeok Park,Deviprasath Chinnadurai,Han-Ki Kim 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.93 No.-

We report on the development of a cost effective, highly transparentflexible conductive electrode forenergy conversion devices using the ITO/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite. The ITO/PEDOT:PSS nano compositethinfilm was deposited via bar coating, then its characteristics were examined. In particular, we studyany changes in its transparency and resistance. The thinfilm transparent ITO/PEDOT:PSS was annealedusing a low temperature annealing technique called plasma annealing. The purpose of low temperatureplasma annealing is to help excite the electrons from their bonding states in the valence band into theantibonding states of the conduction band where a second order phase transition occurs. This studyinvestigates the influence of O2 plasma annealing on the resistance of the nano composite thinfilms. Theincluded PEDOT:PSS supports theflexibility of the ITO, as pristine ITO is brittle. High opticaltransmittance of 93.73% at 550 nm and a reduction in the sheet resistance were achieved using thisplasma annealing from 1105 V/& to 535 V/& on the ITO/PEDOT:PSS nano composite making themexcellent candidates to develop as cost effectiveflexible transparent electrodes that can be used as thinfilm heaters.

Anti-Foreign Capital Atmosphere in Local Governments and Their Regulative Measures -Understanding the Undercurrents of Indian Political Economy

V.C. Vivekanandan 경희대학교 법학연구소 2012 경희법학 Vol.47 No.4

인도의 반외자 풍토는 1900년 초 영국 식민지 시절에 행했던 스와데시(Swadeshi)와 닮아 있다. 스와데시(Swadeshi)는 1906년 반영(反英)민족해방운동의 일환으로 국산품애용운동이 일어났으며 자국 산업의 발전과 외국상품의 배척을 골자로 하고 있다. 특히 1920년 마하트마 간디의 지도력으로 스와데시 운동은 탄력을 받았으며 영국의 벵골 분리에 대한 국민저항으로서 국산품 애용과 영국상품 배척운동으로 전국적으로 번져갔다. 이 같은 성과로 자국 상품의 수요는 증가하고 영국 상품의 판매량은 현저히 줄어들었다. 인도의 반외자풍토를 이해하려면 정치적 상황을 정확하게 파악해야 한다. 1991년부터 ‘LPG(Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization)’는 인도 인민당(Bhartiya Janata Party)과 인도 국민회의당(Indian National Congress)에 의하여 시행되었으며 외국인직접투자의 참여가 서(西)벵골주와 케랄라, 트리푸라주에서 있었다. 1990년대 초부터 지금까지 20년간 경제 자유와 이에 대한 정치문제는 외국인투자정책의 고용문제에 대한 반대의견에 의하여 발생 되었다. 에이티 커니 외국인직접투자 신뢰도 지수에 의한 인도 신뢰도 지수는 2010년에 3위를 기록하였던 것이 2012년에는 한 단계 상승하여 2위를 차지하였는데 이 같은 요인은 다음과 같다. 인도 외국인직접투자정책은 최대 100% 정부승인이 필요 없는 사업경로에 따라 투자활동과 분야가 인정이 되며 정부 승인이 필요 없는 사업경로 하에 인도 은행에서 30일 안에 통고를 포함하여 비거주자 주식발행과 타발환을 발행할 수 있다. 인도 외국인 직접투자 현황은 2012년에서 2013년까지 2012년 7월 기준 147억 달러였으며 2012년 4월부터 7월까지 외국인직접투자 금액은 59억 달러로 집중되었다. 주요 외국인직접투자 항목은 서비스업 19%, 건설사업 12%, 통신사업 7%, 컴퓨터 사업 6%, 의약사업 5%, 화학제품 사업 5%, 전력사업 4%, 자동차 사업 4%, 금속사업 4%, 자원사업 3%이다. 이 같은 경제투자의 상승은 인도의 정치적 상황과 맞물려 있다. 하지만 외국인직접투자 같은 경우 소매상의 상권 침해에 민감하다. 인도 정부는 19월 초 경제개혁 조치로 월마트, 카르푸르, 테스코 등 외국계 대형마트가 국내에 진입할 수 있도록 규제를 완화하고 디젤 가격을 14% 올리겠다고 발표했다. 인도에 해외 대형마트 진입 허용에 인도 국민회의당 정부의 신자유주의 개혁 조치에 반대해 인도 노동자와 중소상인이 동맹 파업을 하고 거리로 나섰다. 집권당의 경제조치에 반대하며 연정 최대 파트너인 트리나물 콩그레스(Trinamool Congress, TC)는 연정에서 탈퇴했으며 서(西)벵골주의 마마타 바네르지 주총리는 이날 “트리나물의회당 소속 의원 19명은 더 이상 집권 연합정당인 통일진보연합(UPA)에 참여하지 않을 것이며 6명의 장관도 사임할 것”이라고 밝히는 등 서민 경제 침해에 대한 반대 운동이 격렬하였다. 모한 싱 총리는 유럽 금융위기의 직격탄을 맞고 휘청거리는 인도 경제를 살려야 한다며 외국인직접투자법 규제를 완화해 왔고, 2012년 1월엔 단일 브랜드 소매업의 외국인 직접투자를 허용하기로 결정했으며 월마트 같은 복합브랜드 소매업에도 유통시장을 개방한 것이다. 다만 인도 정부는 외국인 투자 확대와 일자리 창출을 위해 인구 100만명 이상의 도시에서만 입점이 가능하고 최소한 1억달러 이상을 투자해야 하며, 인도에서 생산된 제품이 판매 목록에서 30% 이상 차지해야 한다는 조건을 달았다. ...

An Efficient FPGA based Real-Time Implementation Shunt Active Power Filter for Current Harmonic Elimination and Reactive Power Compensation

Charles S,Vivekanandan C 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.4

This paper proposes a new approach of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) controlled digital implementation of shunt active power filter (SAPF) under steady state and dynamic operations. Typical implementations of SAPF uses microprocessor and digital signal processor (DSP) but it limited for complex algorithm structure, absence of feedback loop delays and their cost can be exceed the benefit they bring. In this paper, the hardware resources of an FPGA are configured and implemented in order to overcome conventional microcontroller or digital signal processor implementations. This proposed FPGA digital implementation scheme has very less execution time and boosts the overall performance of the system. The FPGA controller integrates the entire control algorithm of an SAPF, including synchronous reference frame transformation, phase locked loop, low pass filter and inverter current controller etc. All these required algorithms are implemented with a single all-on chip FPGA module which provides freedom to reconfigure for any other applications. The entire algorithm is coded, processed and simulated using Xilinx 12.1 ISE suite to estimate the advantages of the proposed system. The coded algorithm is also defused on a single all-on-chip Xilinx Spartan 3A DSP-XC3SD1800 laboratory prototype and experimental results thus obtained match with simulated counterparts under the dynamic state and steady state operating conditions.

TRUNCATED SOFTWARE RELIABILITY GROWTH MODEL

Prince Williams, D.R.,Vivekanandan, P. 한국전산응용수학회 2002 The Korean journal of computational & applied math Vol.9 No.2

Due to the large scale application of software systems, software reliability plays an important role in software developments. In this paper, a software reliability growth model (SRGM) is proposed. The testing time on the right is truncated in this model. The instantaneous failure rate, mean-value function, error detection rate, reliability of the software, estimation of parameters and the simple applications of this model are discussed .

Influence of NaCl Salinity on the Behavior of Hydrolases and Phosphatases in Mulberry Genotypes : Relationship to Salt Tolerance

Anas, S. Shaik Mohamed,Vivekanandan, M. 한국식물학회 2000 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.43 No.4

Two genotypes (Tr4 and Tr10) of mulberry (Morus indica) were cultured using aqueous solutions that contained different concentrations of NaCl (0 to 30 mM). Electrical conductivity (EC) values ranged from 0.52 to 4.60 mS ㎝^-1, with a pH of 7.0. Analyses were conducted to envisage the effects of NaCl salinity on some hydrolytic enzymes. Neither nitrate reductase nor nitrite reductase activities were affected by salt treatment in roots and leaves of either genotype. The activities of β- and α-amylases were higher in leaves than in roots. Both alkaline and acid phosphatases exhibited significant increases in the roots and leaves of Tr4; no such trend was observed in Tr10. The levels of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased quite significantly in the leaves as well as the roots of both genotypes. Increased enzymatic activities may suggest a stress-tolerant nature for these genotypes against NaCl toxkity. This was also evidenced by the unaffected levels in percent rooting, chloroplast pigments, osmoprotectants, nitrogenous compounds, and some biomolecules, as had been observed in earlier studies.

Layer by layer approach to enhance capacitance using metal sulfides for supercapacitor applications

Subramanian, Archana,Punnoose, Dinah,Raman, Vivekanandan,Gopi, Chandu V.V. Muralee,Rao, Sunkara Srinivasa,Khan, Muhammad Adil,Kim, Hee-Je Elsevier 2018 Materials letters Vol.231 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Layer-by-layer approach for NiS, CoS and PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) is being fabricated. Metal sulfides have always been chosen for their remarkable electrochemical characteristics and wide beneficial domains, such as electrochemical energy conversion and storage. This work presents the preparation of cost-effective metal sulfides (NiS, NiS/CoS, NiS/CoS/PEDOT:PSS) developed on nickel foam sheets for supercapacitor (SC) applications. The assembled NiS/CoS/PEDOT:PSS array SC device exhibits an utmost energy density of 30.3 W h kg<SUP>−1</SUP> and specific capacitance of 353 F g<SUP>−1</SUP>. All wet processing methods of fabrication accompanied with superior performance characteristics make these SCs very attractive for the next generation flexible energy storage systems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> NiS/CoS/PEDOT:PSS on nickel foam is coated by Chemical Bath Deposition method. </LI> <LI> Metal sulfides extend active area due to low electronegativity of sulfur over oxygen. </LI> <LI> PEDOT:PSS on NiS/CoS is coated to increase surface area and conductivity. </LI> <LI> NiS/CoS/PEDOT:PSS showed maximal specific capacitance of 353 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 15 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. </LI> </UL> </P>

Truncated software reliability growth model

D.R. Prince Williams,P. Vivekanandan 한국전산응용수학회 2002 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.9 No.2

Due to the large scale application of software systems, software reliability plays an important role in software developments. In this paper, a software reliability growth model (SRGM) is proposed. The testing time on the right is truncated in this model. The instantaneous failure rate, mean-value function, error detection rate, reliability of the software,estimation of parameters and the simple applications of this model are discussed. Due to the large scale application of software systems, software reliability plays an important role in software developments. In this paper, a software reliability growth model (SRGM) is proposed. The testing time on the right is truncated in this model. The instantaneous failure rate, mean-value function, error detection rate, reliability of the software,estimation of parameters and the simple applications of this model are discussed.

Innentitelbild: Inhibition of Amyloid Peptide Fibrillation by Inorganic Nanoparticles: Functional Similarities with Proteins (Angew. Chem. 22/2011)

Yoo, Seong Il,Yang, Ming,Brender, Jeffrey R.,Subramanian, Vivekanandan,Sun, Kai,Joo, Nam Eok,Jeong, Soo‐,Hwan,Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy,Kotov, Nicholas A. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Angewandte Chemie Vol.123 No.22

<P><B>Die Bildung von Amyloidfibrillen</B> ist die Ursache für viele neurodegenerative Krankheiten wie Alzheimer. Medikamente können die Bildung von Fibrillen verhindern, indem sie an Amyloidpeptide binden. In der Zuschrift auf S. 5216 ff. berichten N. A. Kotov et al. über die hemmende Wirkung von Nanopartikeln, die an Amyloidoligomere binden. Die Nanopartikel zeigen einen ähnlichen Mechanismus der Hemmung wie Proteine, die die Bildung von Amyloidfibrillen im menschlichen Körper verhindern.</P>

Preparation and electrochemical performances of NiS with PEDOT:PSS chrysanthemum petal like nanostructure for high performance supercapacitors

S., Srinivasa Rao,Punnoose, Dinah,Bae, Jin-Ho,Durga, Ikkurthi Kanaka,Thulasi-Varma, Chebrolu Venkata,Naresh, Bandari,Subramanian, Archana,Raman, Vivekanandan,Kim, Hee-Je Elsevier 2017 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.254 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper reports the facile synthesis of a novel architectural of NiS/PEDOT:PSS with DEG, where the complementary features of the three components (well-defined NiS black pepper like nanoparticles on nickel foam, an ultrathin layers of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and diethylene glycol (DEG)) are deposited sequentially to a single entity to fabricate a high-performance electrode for supercapacitor applications. Owing to the high electrical conductivity of the well-defined NiS nanoparticles, in which the conductivity, and good chemical and electrochemical stability is enhanced further by the PEDOT:PSS and DEG thin layers, the as-fabricated NiS/PEDOT:PSS with a DEG chrysanthemum petal-like nanostructure exhibits good rate capability, excellent cycling stability, and high specific capacitance. The PEDOT:PSS with DEG offers extra conductive paths for each layer on NiS, yielding a lower internal resistance and charge-transfer resistance than that of the NiS/PEDOT:PSS without DEG. As a result, the NiS/PEDOT:PSS with the DEG electrode shows a tremendous pseudocapacitance of 750.64Fg<SUP>−1</SUP> at 1.11Ag<SUP>−1</SUP>, along with a high energy density of 24.52Whkg<SUP>−1</SUP> at a power density of 138.88Wkg<SUP>−1</SUP> and good cycling stability, suggesting that it is a promising candidate for energy storage. The unique performance of NiS/PEDOT:PSS with a DEG benefits from its unique chrysanthemum petal-like nanostructure, which could offer faster ion and electron transfer ability, greater reaction surface area and good structural stability.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> NiS/PEDOT:PSS with DEG chrysanthemum petals were prepared using a facile bar-coating method. </LI> <LI> NiS/PEDOT:PSS with DEG showed greater electrochemical properties. </LI> <LI> Improved penetration of electrolyte ions into the electrode was observed by the attachment PEDOT:PSS on NiS. </LI> <LI> The electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 750.64Fg<SUP>−1</SUP> at 1.11Ag<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> The nanocomposite displayed excellent cycling stability. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>