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Vinod Kumar Malik,Manjeet Singh,Karambir Singh Hooda,Naresh Kumar Yadav,Prashant Kumar Chauhan 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.2
Maize (Zea mays L.; 2N=20) is major staple food crop grown worldwide adapted to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Maydis leaf blight (MLB) and banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) are serious foliar fungal diseases may cause up to 40% and 100% grain yield loss, respectively. The present studies were undertaken to work out the efficacy of chemicals, botanicals and bioagents for the management of MLB and BLSB under field condition for two seasons Kharif 2014 and 2015. Five molecules (propiconazole 25 EC, hexaconazole 25 EC, carbendazim 50 WP, mancozeb 75 WP and carbedazim 12 WP + mancozeb 63 WP), two bioagents i.e. Trichoderma harzianum and T. viridae and three botanicals namely azadirachtin, sarpagandha and bel pathar were tested for their efficacy against MLB. Eight newer fungicides viz., difenconazole 250 SC, hexaconazole 5 EC, carbendazim 50WP, validamycin 3 L, tebuconazole 250 EC, trifloxystrobin 50 WG + tebuconazole 50 WG, azoxystrobin 250 EC and pencycuron 250 SC were evaluated against BLSB. Analysis revealed significant effects of propiconazole at 0.1%, carbendazim 12 WP + mancozeb 63 WP at 0.125% and sarpagandha leaves at 10% against MLB pathogen, whereas validamycin at 0.1% and trifloxystrobin 25 WG + tebuconazole 50 WG at 0.05% were found effective against BLSB. The slow rate of disease control virtually by the bioagents might have not shown instant effect on plant response to the yield enhancing components. The identified sources of management can be used further in strengthening the plant protection in maize against MLB and BLSB.
Bio-inspired strategies for designing antifouling biomaterials
Vinod B. Damodaran,N. Sanjeeva Murthy 한국생체재료학회 2016 생체재료학회지 Vol.20 No.3
Contamination of biomedical devices in a biological medium, biofouling, is a major cause of infection and is entirely avoidable. This mini-review will coherently present the broad range of antifouling strategies, germicidal, preventive and cleaning using one or more of biological, chemical and physical techniques. These techniques will be discussed from the point of view of their ability to inhibit protein adsorption, usually the first step that eventually leads to fouling. Many of these approaches draw their inspiration from nature, such as emulating the nitric oxide production in endothelium, use of peptoids that mimic protein repellant peptides, zwitterionic functionalities found in membrane structures, and catechol functionalities used by mussel to immobilize poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). More intriguing are the physical modifications, creation of micropatterns on the surface to control the hydration layer, making them either superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic. This has led to technologies that emulate the texture of shark skin, and the superhyprophobicity of self-cleaning textures found in lotus leaves. The mechanism of antifouling in each of these methods is described, and implementation of these ideas is illustrated with examples in a way that could be adapted to prevent infection in medical devices.
Bioadsorbents for remediation of heavy metals: Current status and their future prospects
Vinod Kumar Gupta,Arunima Nayak,Shilpi Agarwal 대한환경공학회 2015 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.20 No.1
The biosorption process has been established as characteristics of dead biomasses of both cellulosic and microbial origin to bind metal ion pollutants from aqueous suspension. The high effectiveness of this process even at low metal concentration, similarity to ion exchange treatment process, but cheaper and greener alternative to conventional techniques have resulted in a mature biosorption technology. Yet its adoption to large scale industrial wastewaters treatment has still been a distant reality. The purpose of this review is to make in-depth analyses of the various aspects of the biosorption technology, staring from the various biosorbents used till date and the various factors affecting the process. The design of better biosorbents for improving their physico-chemical features as well as enhancing their biosorption characteristics has been discussed. Better economic value of the biosorption technology is related to the repeated reuse of the biosorbent with minimum loss of efficiency. In this context desorption of the metal pollutants as well as regeneration of the biosorbent has been discussed in detail. Various inhibitions including the multi mechanistic role of the biosorption technology has been identified which have played a contributory role to its non-commercialization.
Seven spices of India—from kitchen to clinic
Vinod Kumar 한국식품연구원 2020 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.7 No.-
Spices play a vital role in Indian cuisine since long time. These are the some of the most valuable items of domestic as well as industrial kitchens. The role of spices is to increase the palatability and used as a flavoring, coloring, and preservative agents. Rather than cooking spices is the part of many industry like medical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and perfumery, and many more. In the current, study explores the role of spices in kitchen as well in medical industry as it acts as anti-proliferative, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects on human health. Spices also help to curing many diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis cancer, and AIDS. This review outlines the role of some spices used in the Indian kitchen for its flavor and taste which are potential to maintain a healthy heart.
Vinod Kumar,Rajat Kumar,Deepa Rawat,Manisha Nanda 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.1
Microalgae have emerged as a potential alternative for the production of many useful compounds like protein, carbohydrate and lipid. Lipid-rich microalgae are important and rich source for alternative energy production. In order to commercially utilize microalgae for energy production, the lipid productivity should be enhanced. Keeping in view the above-mentioned potentials of microalgae, in the present study, we have attempted to display the role of chemical stimulants and light in the growth and lipid production of the microalgae Chlorella singularis (UUIND5). During the present investigations, effect of varying photoperiods and different types of lights and chemical stimulants, viz. CaCl2 and kinetin on growth rate and lipid production, was studied. The maximum growth rate recorded was 166 ± 0.3 mg/L/d, when 0.80 g/l CaCl2 and 0.5 mg/l kinetin were added to Bold’s basal medium. C. singularis was then cultivated in this medium for 14 days under sunlight ?LED (10-h sunlight ? 14-h LED light) at photoperiod 24-h light/0-h dark. The maximum lipid yield 30.2% of dry wt. was obtained under sunlight ?LED. Further, the gas chromatography analysis also showed the presence of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). FAMEs profile was analyzed according to ASTM D6751 specification. Thus, it was concluded that sunlight ?LED at 24-h light/0-h dark (100 lmol photons m-2 s-1) photoperiod with CaCl2 and kinetin is an effective strategy to boost lipid productivity in C. singularis (UUIND5).