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Vinay Padimi,Venkata Sravan Telu,Devarani Devi Ningombam 한국전자통신연구원 2023 ETRI Journal Vol.45 No.6
Stroke is the leading cause of permanent disability in adults, and it can cause permanent brain damage. According to the World Health Organization, 795,000 Americans experience a new or recurrent stroke each year. Early detection of medical disorders, for example, strokes, can minimize the disabling effects. Thus, in this paper, we consider various risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of stoke and machine learning algorithms, for example, the decision tree, random forest, and naive Bayes algorithms, on patient characteristics survey data to achieve high prediction accuracy. We also consider the semisupervised self-training technique to predict the risk of stroke. We then consider the near-miss undersampling technique, which can select only instances in larger classes with the smaller class instances. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method obtains an accuracy of approximately 98.83% at low cost, which is significantly higher and more reliable compared with the compared techniques.
Immunotherapy of cancer with 4-1BB.
Vinay, Dass S,Kwon, Byoung S American Association for Cancer Research, Inc 2012 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol.11 No.5
<P>4-1BB (CD137), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is an activation-induced T-cell costimulatory molecule. Signaling via 4-1BB upregulates survival genes, enhances cell division, induces cytokine production, and prevents activation-induced cell death in T cells. The importance of the 4-1BB pathway has been underscored in a number of diseases, including cancer. Growing evidence indicates that anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies possess strong antitumor properties, which in turn are the result of their powerful CD8+ T-cell activating, IFN-γ producing, and cytolytic marker-inducing capabilities. In addition, combination therapy of anti-4-1BB with other anticancer agents, such as radiation, has robust tumor-regressing abilities against nonimmunogenic or poorly immunogenic tumors. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of ex vivo anti-4-1BB-activated CD8+ T cells from previously tumor-treated animals efficiently inhibits progression of tumors in recipient mice that have been inoculated with fresh tumors. In addition, targeting of tumors with variants of 4-1BBL directed against 4-1BB also have potent antitumor effects. Currently, a humanized anti-4-1BB is in clinical trials in patients with solid tumors, including melanoma, renal carcinoma, and ovarian cancer, and so far seems to have a favorable toxicity profile. In this review, we discuss the basis of the therapeutic potential of targeting the 4-1BB-4-1BBL pathway in cancer treatment.</P>
Dynamics and actuating torque optimization of planar robots
Vinay Gupta,Himanshu Chaudhary,Subir K. Saha 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.7
An optimization methodology is presented for design of serial-chain planar robots for minimizing torque at joints, when its endeffectoris supposed to move on a prescribed path. In particular, the end-effector of the robot is allowed to move on a circular path. Forthe respective joint trajectories, the weighted sum of root mean square (RMS) of the actuating torques is minimized by the mass redistributionof the links. To achieve the goal, the DeNOC (Decoupled natural orthogonal complement) based dynamics was formulated byrepresenting the rigid links as a set of rigidly connected point-masses known as equimomental system. The methodology is illustratedusing a planar two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot with two revolute joints.
Vinay, T.N.,Park, C.S.,Kim, H.Y.,Jung, S.J. Elsevier 2014 Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Vol. No.
Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance the immune response of a given antigen. Most of the adjuvants are toxic at certain doses, and toxicity varies in different species. Moreover, there are no standard dosage limits set for adjuvant use in fish vaccines. We evaluated the acute toxicity, serum enzymes (AST/ALT) indicating hepatic injury and histopathological changes due to intra-peritoneal administration of different concentrations of a panel of adjuvants including quillaja saponin, aluminum hydroxide, squalene emulsion and Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) with a dose ranging study of saponin (500, 160, 50, 16 and 5μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP>), aluminum hydroxide (5000, 1600, 500, 160 and 50μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP>), squalene emulsion (20, 10 and 5%), and FIA to determine the acceptable dosage for vaccination in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fingerlings measuring 4.66+/-0.41g, 8.47+/-0.42cm. Saponin was highly toxic with a LD<SUB>50</SUB> of approximately 105μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP> (22.4mgkg<SUP>-1</SUP>) causing severe histological damage and AST level was high at dose above 16μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP> and ALT, specific for liver damage was high only at 160μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP> (11U/L) and was safe at 5μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP>. Aluminum hydroxide was toxic at 5000μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP> and was acceptable at dose below 1600μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP> with moderate histology and AST/ALT levels similar with control. Squalene emulsion showed increased inflammation at 20% and 10% emulsions and the inflammatory response was mild at a concentration of 5% oil emulsion and AST/ALT levels being similar to control in 10% and 5% emulsions and elevated in 20% on both sampling days. FIA was not lethal, but induced severe inflammation at injection site and around blood vessels. In comparison to FIA, saponin found to be safe at dose of 5μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP>, aluminum hydroxide below 1600μgfish<SUP>-1</SUP>, and squalene at 5% emulsion and could be accepted for vaccination studies. These results provide an insight for the selection of safer dose of adjuvants for intra-peritoneal vaccination of olive flounder.
Immune evasion in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies
Vinay, D.S.,Ryan, E.P.,Pawelec, G.,Talib, W.H.,Stagg, J.,Elkord, E.,Lichtor, T.,Decker, W.K.,Whelan, R.L.,Kumara, H.M.C.S.,Signori, E.,Honoki, K.,Georgakilas, A.G.,Amin, A.,Helferich, W.G.,Boosani, C. Saunders Scientific Publications ; Academic Press 2015 SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY Vol.35 No.suppl
Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how cancers evade destructive immunity, measures to counteract tumor escape have not kept pace. There are a number of factors that contribute to tumor persistence despite having a normal host immune system. Immune editing is one of the key aspects why tumors evade surveillance causing the tumors to lie dormant in patients for years through ''equilibrium'' and ''senescence'' before re-emerging. In addition, tumors exploit several immunological processes such as targeting the regulatory T cell function or their secretions, antigen presentation, modifying the production of immune suppressive mediators, tolerance and immune deviation. Besides these, tumor heterogeneity and metastasis also play a critical role in tumor growth. A number of potential targets like promoting Th1, NK cell, γδ T cell responses, inhibiting Treg functionality, induction of IL-12, use of drugs including phytochemicals have been designed to counter tumor progression with much success. Some natural agents and phytochemicals merit further study. For example, use of certain key polysaccharide components from mushrooms and plants have shown to possess therapeutic impact on tumor-imposed genetic instability, anti-growth signaling, replicative immortality, dysregulated metabolism etc. In this review, we will discuss the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion and summarize the efficacy of various therapeutic measures and targets that have been developed or are being investigated to enhance tumor rejection.