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김성원,Vance N. Owens,김상윤,홍창오 한국응용생명화학회 2017 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.60 No.4
There have been few studies evaluating the effect of bottom ash (BA) on immobilization of heavy metals and reducing their phytoavailability. Further, work has not been conducted to evaluate the effect of BA along with mature animal manure compost (CP) on immobilization of cadmium (Cd) in soil and phytoavailability of this metal in contaminated soil. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of application of BA and CP on Cd phytoextractability. To elucidate the mechanism of Cd immobilization with BA and CP, soil was mixed without BA and CP, with BA only, with CP only, and with BA and CP together in the incubation. Bottom ash was applied at rates of 0 and 30 Mg/ha under different application rates of CP (0 and 30 Mg/ha) 2 weeks before sowing lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Our first experiment clearly demonstrated that reduced extractability of Cd with addition of BA, CP, and BA ? CP was mainly the result of Cd adsorption by an increase in pH and negative charge of soil. Concentration of bioavailable Cd fraction (F1) effectively decreased with BA, CP, and BA ? CP from 1.33 mg Cd/kg in control to 0.98, 0.29, and 0.26 mg Cd/ kg, respectively. Applying BA and CP alone or together effectively reduced Cd uptake by lettuce. Concentration of Cd in lettuce decreased from 13.9 mg Cd/kg in control to 10.3 and 7.6 mg Cd/kg with application of BA and CP alone, respectively. However, applying BA with CP increased fresh lettuce yields more than BA applied alone. Therefore, combined application of BA and CP might be a good management practice in Cd contaminated arable soil from the view point of Cd phytoavailability and crop productivity.
Kim, Sung Un,Owens, Vance N.,Kim, Yong Gyun,Lee, Sang Mong,Park, Hyean Cheal,Kim, Keun Ki,Son, Hong Joo,Hong, Chang Oh Springer-Verlag 2015 Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxico Vol.95 No.5
<P>The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the phosphorus (P) level required to induce cadmium (Cd) precipitation in a contaminated arable soil with low concentrations of Cd and (2) the primary mechanism of Cd immobilization at different P levels. Phosphorus was added at levels of 0 800, 1600, and 16,000 mg P kg(-1) to a soil containing 5.57 mg Cd kg(-1). The concentration of 1 M NH4OAc extractable Cd decreased significantly with P levels up to 1600 mg kg(-1) due to an increase in soil pH and negative charge of soil (p < 0.001). A further decrease in 1 M NH4OAc extractable Cd concentration was noted when P was increased to 16,000 mg P kg(-1) and may have been the result of Cd precipitation. This study suggest that adding P at high levels may help in the formation of geochemically stable Cd minerals in soil containing low levels of this heavy metal.</P>
Lee, Hyun Ho,Owens, Vance N.,Park, Sungkyun,Kim, Jiwoong,Hong, Chang Oh Elsevier 2018 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.206 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although a number of studies have examined cadmium (Cd) immobilization by phosphate (P) in soils, determining the exact mechanism of Cd immobilization in various conditions, including P chemical form, P rate, and inherent Cd concentrations in soil has not been examined. The objective of this study was to determine changes in Cd immobilization through adsorption and precipitation in different conditions. Arable soils were spiked with inorganic Cd to give a total Cd concentration of 10, 100, and 1000 mg Cd kg<SUP>−1</SUP>. K<SUB>2</SUB>HPO<SUB>4</SUB> (DPP) and KH<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> (MPP) were selected and mixed with the pretreated arable soil at the rates of 0, 800, 1600 and 3200 mg P kg<SUP>−1</SUP>. In soils with 10 and 100 mg Cd kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, both P materials similarly increased negative charge of soil and decreased extractable Cd concentration. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a diffraction peak revealing the presence of Cd(H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> was observed in soil with 1000 mg Cd kg<SUP>−1</SUP> and 3200 mg P kg<SUP>−1</SUP> soil. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and modeling for saturation index for Cd minerals proved that formation of CdCO<SUB>3</SUB> and Cd<SUB>3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> occurred in soil having 1000 mg Cd kg<SUP>−1</SUP> and addition of both DPP and MPP. Immobilization of Cd might be attributed to Cd adsorption in soil with relatively low Cd levels (<100 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>). Precipitation of Cd(H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>, CdCO<SUB>3</SUB>, and Cd-phosphate might be a dominant mechanism to immobilize Cd, besides Cd adsorption, in soil with relatively high Cd levels (1000 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We tried to determine the exact mechanism of Cd immobilization in various conditions. </LI> <LI> Immobilization of Cd with P might be attributed to Cd adsorption in low Cd levels. </LI> <LI> Precipitation of Cd might be a dominant mechanism to immobilize Cd in high Cd levels. </LI> </UL> </P>
노용동,박혜진,김권래,김원일,정기열,김성은,Vance N. Owens,문진성,윤성욱,김상윤,홍창오 한국응용생명화학회 2017 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.60 No.2
Soil and plant samples were collected from 84 fields where medicinal plants were cultivated to determine the effect of soil phosphate (P) on the concentration of plant-available arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) and on the uptake of these toxic elements by medicinal plants. Concentrations of total P and available P in soils affected the phytoavailability of As and Cd differentially. Plant-available As in the soil and its uptake in the plant increased with increasing concentration of plant-available P in the soil due to competition between arsenate and P for the adsorption site at the soil surface and an increase in soil pH caused by specific adsorption of P. In contrast, phytoavailability of Cd decreased with increasing concentration of available P in soil. This was mainly attributed to an increase in Cd adsorption caused by P-induced negative charge of soil.