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E. Giannini,R. Gladyshevskii,N. Clayton,N. Musolino,V. Garnier,A. Piriou,R. Flu¨kiger 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.2
Single crystals of (Bi1xPbx)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d (x = 0 and 0.16) (sizes up to 3 · 2 · 0.1 mm3) have been grown by means of a newly developed ‘‘vapour-assisted travelling solvent floating zone’’ technique (VA-TSFZ). Post-annealing under high pressure of O2 (up to 10 MPa at T = 500 C) was applied to enhance Tc (up to 111 K) and improve the homogeneity of the crystals (DTc 6 1 K). The structure of both Pb-free and Pb-doped Bi-2223 was refined for the first time from single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The unit cell of the average structure is pseudo-tetragonal with a = 5.4210(7), b = 5.4133(6) and c = 37.010(7)A ˚ , and a = 5.395(1), b = 5.413(1) and c = 37.042(11)A ˚ , for the Pb-free and the Pb-doped phase, respectively. An incommensurate modulation in the direction of one of the short cell vectors has been defined (q 0.21 a*), however, the structure can be conveniently described in a supercell with a fivefold volume (a = 27.105(4) A ˚ ). With respect to the ‘‘non-modulated’’ structure, one additional oxygen atom for ten initial O was found to be inserted into the BiO layers. The superconducting anisotropy of Bi-2223 was found to be 50, from measurements of the lower critical field. The anisotropy of Bi-2223 is significantly reduced compared to that of Bi-2212, and this accounts for the enhanced irreversibility fields in Bi-2223. Furthermore, Bi-2223 has a higher critical current density, and a reduced magnetic relaxation rate compared to Bi-2212, which are both signatures of more effective pinning in Bi-2223 due to its reduced anisotropy. Single crystals of (Bi1xPbx)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d (x = 0 and 0.16) (sizes up to 3 · 2 · 0.1 mm3) have been grown by means of a newly developed ‘‘vapour-assisted travelling solvent floating zone’’ technique (VA-TSFZ). Post-annealing under high pressure of O2 (up to 10 MPa at T = 500 C) was applied to enhance Tc (up to 111 K) and improve the homogeneity of the crystals (DTc 6 1 K). The structure of both Pb-free and Pb-doped Bi-2223 was refined for the first time from single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The unit cell of the average structure is pseudo-tetragonal with a = 5.4210(7), b = 5.4133(6) and c = 37.010(7)A ˚ , and a = 5.395(1), b = 5.413(1) and c = 37.042(11)A ˚ , for the Pb-free and the Pb-doped phase, respectively. An incommensurate modulation in the direction of one of the short cell vectors has been defined (q 0.21 a*), however, the structure can be conveniently described in a supercell with a fivefold volume (a = 27.105(4) A ˚ ). With respect to the ‘‘non-modulated’’ structure, one additional oxygen atom for ten initial O was found to be inserted into the BiO layers. The superconducting anisotropy of Bi-2223 was found to be 50, from measurements of the lower critical field. The anisotropy of Bi-2223 is significantly reduced compared to that of Bi-2212, and this accounts for the enhanced irreversibility fields in Bi-2223. Furthermore, Bi-2223 has a higher critical current density, and a reduced magnetic relaxation rate compared to Bi-2212, which are both signatures of more effective pinning in Bi-2223 due to its reduced anisotropy.
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