Effect of Feeding Ammoniated Wheat Straw Treated with Hydrochloric Acid on Blood Biochemical Profile in Growing Male Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves

Naik, P.K.,Mehra, Usha R.,Kalicharan, Kalicharan,Varshney, V.P.,Dass, R.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.2

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding ammoniated wheat straw treated with HCl on blood biochemical profiles in growing male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Twenty-four growing male buffalo calves (one year of age, 88.54${\pm}$3.81 kg average body weight) were divided into three groups in a completely randomized design on the basis of their body weight. Animals in all the three groups were fed on concentrate mixture. In addition, they were offered wheat straw, ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level) and HCI treated ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level and HCl added to trap 30% of the NH3 evolved) in groups I, II and III, respectively for a period of 180 days, as per Kearl (1982) for body weight gain of 500 g/d. In all diets, concentrate:roughage ratio was fixed at 50:50 and were made isonitrogenous by adjusting CP levels of conc. mixtures. Blood was collected from jugular vein of each buffalo calf at the beginning and subsequently at two months interval of experimental feeding. Due to urea-ammoniation, the CP content of wheat straw increased from 2.90 to 6.96% and addition of HCl along with urea further increased the CP content to 10.09%. In all the three groups, the mean values of plasma glucose (mg %) and serum globulin (g %), showed a decreasing trend, while the mean value of serum TP (g %), serum A:G ratio, serum urea (mg %), serum creatinine (mg %), serum ALP (KA units), SGOT (units/ml.), SGPT (units/ml), serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ (ng/ml) showed an increasing trend with the advancement of feeding period. The cumulative period mean values of serum TP (6.15 to 6.20 g %), serum albumin (3.07 to 3.18, g %), serum globulin (2.98 to 3.09, g %), serum A:G ratio (1.03 to 1.10), serum ALP (23.15 to 23.63, KA units), serum T$_3$ (1.20 to 1.23 ng/ml) and serum T$_4$ (21.33 to 21.88 ng/ml) were comparable among the groups. The cumulative period mean plasma glucose (mg %) in group III (57.28) was similar to groups I (55.31) and II (59.41), however, the cumulative period mean plasma glucose in group II was significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum urea (mg %) in group III (47.34) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than group I (38.38) and II (42.24), which were statistically alike. However, the cumulative period mean serum creatinine values (mg %) in groups II (1.43) and III (1.52) were similar and were significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I (1.24). The cumulative period mean SGOT (units/ml) in groups I, II and III was 91.71, 96.04 and 96.64, respectively. Similarly the cumulative period mean SGPT (units/ml) was 19.00, 19.93 and 20.01 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The cumulative period mean values of SGOT (p<0.05) and SGPT (p<0.001) in groups II and III were similar and were significantly higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ values in groups I (1.21 and 21.81), II (1.23 and 21.42) and III (1.20 and 21.33) were comparable. From the present study it may be concluded that feeding of AWS treated with and without HCI to growing male buffalo calves for 180 days had no significant adverse effect on blood biochemical profile.

Effect of Feeding Ammoniated Wheat Straw Treated with and without Hydrochloric Acid on Meat Quality and Various Sensory Attributes of Growing Male Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves

Naik, P.K.,Mendiratta, S.K.,Laxmanan, V.,Mehra, Usha R.,Dass, R.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.4

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding ammoniated wheat straw treated with and without HCl on meat quality and various sensory attributes of growing male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Due to urea-ammoniation, the CP content of wheat straw increased from 2.90 to 6.96%. The addition of HCl along with urea during urea-ammoniation further increased the CP content to 10.09%. The proximate composition (% fresh basis) of psoas major, longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus were comparable among the groups. However, comparatively higher cumulative muscle mean protein and ash percentage and lower moisture percentage in groups II and III in comparison to group I indicated the desirable effect of feeding AWS and HCl-AWS. The cumulative muscle mean pH in group III (5.54) was comparatively lower than group I (5.65) and II (5.62). The cumulative group mean pH and water holding capacity (% water retained) in semitendinosus was comparatively lower than psoas major and longissimus dorsi. The cumulative muscle mean SSP (g%) was significantly (p<0.05) lower in group III (41.78) than group I (42.45). The cumulative group mean cooking loss (%) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in psoas major (31.61) and longissimus dorsi (29.78) than semitendinosus (35.10). The cumulative group mean SFV (kg/$cm^{2}$) of psoas major, longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus were 6.38, 6.32 and 6.56, respectively, being lowest in psoas major and highest in semitendinosus. However, the cumulative muscle mean SFV (kg/$cm^{2}$) in group I, II and III were 6.53, 6.56 and 6.17, respectively, being lowest in group III and highest in group II. The scores of the cooked (2% common salt) buffen for various sensory attributes viz. appearance, flavour, juiciness, texture, mouth coating and overall palatability were comparable among the groups. Results suggested that feeding of ammoniated wheat straw treated with and without HCl to growing male buffalo calves for 180 days had no adverse effect on the meat quality and various sensory attributes.

Oxidative degradation of benzoic acid using Fe⁰- and sulfidized Fe⁰-activated persulfate: A comparative study

Rayaroth, Manoj P.,Lee, Chung-Seop,Aravind, Usha K.,Aravindakumar, Charuvila T.,Chang, Yoon-Seok Elsevier 2017 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.315 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Implications of sulfidized Fe<SUP>0</SUP> (nFe/FeS) for the abatement of pollutants of various categories are widely established. In this study, degradation of one of the major organic pollutants, benzoic acid (BA), has been performed using persulfate activated with nFe/FeS. Complete degradation of BA and its transformed product, hydroxybenzoic acid, was observed within 6min. When the degradation was performed at alkaline pH, the degradation decreased to 8% in the case of Fe<SUP>0</SUP>, but nFe/FeS still showed 100% degradation after 60min. Iron dissolution and persulfate decomposition in the presence of scavengers showed that both sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were involved in the Fe<SUP>0</SUP>-persulfate system and that the hydroxyl radicals were the major species in the nFe/FeS-persulfate system. The major degradation pathway of benzoic acid was hydroxylation followed by complete mineralization, as supported by the practical removal of total organic carbons (more than 75% within 15min). The observed results are promising in using persulfate activated by nFe/FeS for the remediation of various micro-pollutants from a multitude of water sources.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sulfidized Fe<SUP>0</SUP> (nFe/FeS)-activated persulfate is reported here for the first time. </LI> <LI> Fast degradation of benzoic acid was observed using nFe/FeS-activated persulfate. </LI> <LI> The degradation efficiency followed the order of nFe/FeS>Fe<SUP>0</SUP> ≫>Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>. </LI> <LI> nFe/FeS is more useful in a wide range of pH compared with Fe<SUP>0</SUP>. </LI> <LI> Better mineralization was found as another advantage of nFe/FeS. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Identification of Anti-Cancer Targets of Eco-Friendly Waste Punica granatum Peel by Dual Reverse Virtual Screening and Binding Analysis

Usha, Talambedu,Goyal, Arvind Kumar,Lubna, Syed,Prashanth, H.P.,Mohan, T. Madhan,Pande, Veena,Middha, Sushil Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.23

Background: Punica granatum (family: Lythraceae) is mainly found in Iran, which is considered to be its primary centre of origin. Studies on pomegranate peel have revealed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis activities, with prevention of premature aging and reducing inflammation. In addition to this it is also useful in treating various diseases like diabetes, maintaining blood pressure and treatment of neoplasms such as prostate and breast cancer. Objectives: In this study we identified anti-cancer targets of active compounds like corilagin (tannins), quercetin (flavonoids) and pseudopelletierine (alkaloids) present in pomegranate peel by employing dual reverse screening and binding analysis. Materials and Methods: The potent targets of the pomegranate peel were annotated by the PharmMapper and ReverseScreen 3D, then compared with targets identified from different Bioassay databases (NPACT and HIT's). Docking was then further employed using AutoDock pyrx and validated through discovery studio for studying molecular interactions. Results: A number of potent anti-cancerous targets were attained from the PharmMapper server according to their fit score and from ReverseScreen 3D server according to decreasing 3D scores. Conclusion: The identified targets now need to be further validated through in vitro and in vivo studies.

Trees, unicyclic graphs extremal with respect to Kekule index

Usha.A,P. S. Ranjini,V.Lokesha 장전수학회 2014 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.24 No.3

For a molecular graph G with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G), recently Lavanya, [1] introduced a new topologial index, the Kekule index is defined as (formula) where, (formula) and i and j are the degrees of the vertices u and v respectively. In this paper, we characterize the trees and unicyclic graphs extremal with respect to Kekule index.

Preparation, In vitro, Preclinical and Clinical Evaluations of Once Daily Sustained Release Tablets of Aceclofenac

Naha, A.,Usha, A.N.,Ranjith, A.K.,Musmade, P.,Manoj, K.,Anju, P.,Prasanna, S.,Mutalik, S. 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.2

The objective of the present study was to develop ‘once daily’ sustained release tablets of aceclofenac by direct compression using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-K4M (HPMC). The solubility studies of aceclofenac were conducted to select suitable dissolution media. The drugexcipient mixtures were subjected to preformulation studies. The tablets were subjected to physicochemical, In vitro drug release and stability studies. Preclinical (anti-inflammatorv, analgesic, pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies) and clinical pharmacokinetic studies were conducted for optimized tablets. Based on the preformulation results, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), dicalcium phosphate and spray dried lactose (SDL) were selected as directly compressible vehicles. Because of the incompatibility with aceclofenac, SDL was excluded from the study. The physicochemical properties of tablets were found within the limits. By comparing the dissolution profiles with the marketed product, the tablet containing HPMC (45%) and MCC (30%) along with talc and magnesium stearate (1% w/w, each) (tablet B7) was considered as a better formulation. This tablet exhibited almost similar drug release profile in different dissolution media as that of marketed tablet. Tablet B7 was stable in accelerated conditions for 6 months. The composition of this tablet showed almost similar preclinical pharmacological activities compared to marketed tablet composition and did not exhibit any toxicity in rats and mice with respect to tested haematological and biochemical parameters along with bodyweight, food and water intake. The pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers indicated that B7 tablet produced an extended drug release of drug upto 24 h as that of marketed product with almost identical pharmacokinetic parameters.

Soil Fertility Status, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Cowpea by Tender Coconut Husk Biochar Application in Ferralitic Soils

Mariya Dainy,Usha P. B 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

A Novel High Gain Interleaved Luo Dc–Dc Converter with Cascaded Fuzzy Logic Controller for PV System Application

Saravanan S.,Usha Rani P. 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.2

The usage of distributed resources of energy like solar PV as an alternative to conventional electric power system is gaining immense popularity in the recent days. The integration of low voltage PV to the grid or load requires implementation of an efficient DC–DC converter of high voltage gain. Hence, an Interleaved Luo converter with higher voltage gain ability that combines the benefits of both switched capacitor and interleaved topologies is employed in this article. The infusion of the interleaving approach to the Luo converter minimizes the effects of output voltage ripples and input current ripples. The selection of a suitable controller is extremely mandatory for enhancing the operation of the interleaved Luo converter by aiding the efficient minimization of peak overshoot and settling time. A Cascaded Fuzzy Logic Controller (CFLC) that overcomes the drawbacks of conventional converters is adopted in this research work to significantly heighten the working of the Interleaved Luo converter. The comparative evaluation of CFLC with Proportional Integral controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller is also performed. The efficiency of the Interleaved Luo converter with CFLC is determined through MATLAB simulation. The Interleaved Luo converter operates with an impressive efficiency of 98.6%.

Identification of a Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Porcine Beta-Defensin-1 Gene

Pruthviraj, D.R.,Usha, A.P.,Venkatachalapathy, R.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.3

Porcine beta-defensin-1 (PBD-1) gene plays an important role in the innate immunity of pigs. The peptide encoded by this gene is an antimicrobial peptide that has direct activity against a wide range of microbes. This peptide is involved in the co-creation of an antimicrobial barrier in the oral cavity of pigs. The objective of the present study was to detect polymorphisms, if any, in exon-1 and exon-2 regions of PBD-1 gene in Large White Yorkshire (LWY) and native Ankamali pigs of Kerala, India. Blood samples were collected from 100 pigs and genomic DNA was isolated using phenol chloroform method. The quantity of DNA was assessed in a spectrophotometer and quality by gel electrophoresis. Exon-1 and exon-2 regions of PBD-1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the products were subjected to single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Subsequent silver staining of the polyacrylamide gels revealed three unique SSCP banding patterns in each of the two exons. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products. A novel SNP was found in the 5'-UTR region of exon-1 and a SNP was detected in the mature peptide coding region of exon-2. In exon-1, the pooled population frequencies of GG, GT, and TT genotypes were 0.67, 0.30, and 0.03, respectively. GG genotype was predominant in both the breeds whereas TT genotype was not detected in LWY breed. Similarly, in exon-2, the pooled population frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes were 0.50, 0.27, and 0.23, respectively. AA genotype was predominant in LWY pigs whereas GG genotype was predominant in native pigs. These results suggest that there exists a considerable genetic variation at PBD-1 locus and further association studies may help in development of a PCR based genotyping test to select pigs with better immunity.

ARIMA Based Wind Speed Modeling for Wind Farm Reliability Analysis and Cost Estimation

Rajeevan.A.K.,P.V Shouri,Usha Nair 대한전기학회 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.4

Necessity has compelled man to improve upon the art of tapping wind energy for power generation; an apt reliever of strain exerted on the non-renewable fossil fuel. The power generation in a Wind Farm (WF) depends on site and wind velocity which varies with time and season which in turn determine wind power modeling. It implies, the development of an accurate wind speed model to predict wind power fluctuations at a particular site is significant. In this paper, Box-Jenkins ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average) time series model for wind speed is developed for a 99MW wind farm in the southern region of India. Because of the uncertainty in wind power developed, the economic viability and reliability of power generation is significant. Life Cycle Costing (LCC) method is used to determine the economic viability of WF generated power. Reliability models of WF are developed with the help of load curve of the utility grid and Capacity Outage Probability Table (COPT). ARIMA wind speed model is used for developing COPT. The values of annual reliability indices and variations of risk index of the WF with system peak load are calculated. Such reliability models of large WF can be used in generation system planning.