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Genetics of resistance to Cry1C toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera litura (Fab.)
Atul S.Thakare,Umesh P. BARKHADE,Vrushali N. PAWADE,Shivcharan M. THAKARE 한국곤충학회 2010 Entomological Research Vol.40 No.3
The present study was undertaken to determine the genetics of Cry1C resistance in Spodoptera litura. Selection of S. litura (Fab.) with Cry1C was done for eight generations to develop resistance. Reciprocal crosses between resistant and susceptible populations were made to understand the population genetics of Cry1C resistance in S. litura. Generation wise selection with Cry1C was evaluated for resistance development in S. litura. The LC50 of Cry1C was 0.14 µg/cm2 for the first selected generation and it increased to 23.98 µg/cm2 after eight selected generations, which is a 285.47-fold increase in resistance compared with the susceptible strain. The estimated realized heritability (h2) after eight generations of selection with Cry1C insecticidal protein was 0.44. The number of generations required for the tenfold increase in LC50 (1/R) was estimated to be 3.33. Response to Cry1C selection in S. litura was 0.30, the estimated selection differential was 0.69 and the pheonotypic standard deviation (dP) was 0.24. Reciprocal crosses between Cry1C resistant and susceptible strain of S. litura showed autosomal resistance.
Antolin Jesila Jesu Amalraj,Umesh N.,Sea-Fue Wang 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.106 No.-
In this work, platinum nanoparticles (Pt) decorated on a spinel group, zinc cobalt oxide (ZnCo2O4) 3-Dflower was intended to detect caffeine electrochemical sensor. Pt particles were used to enhance the performanceof hydrothermally prepared 3-D ZnCo2O4 flower. So Pt nanoparticles were decorated on eachthin nanosheet of self-assembled 3-D flower-like ZnCo2O4. The thin transparent nanosheet of theZnCo2O4 flower will benefit electrochemical sensors by simplifying its ion exchange. Therefore,Pt@ZnCo2O4 shows an excellent electrochemical conductivity, which promotes the caffeine-based sensor’srapid electrochemical oxidation. Using amperometric i-t at an applied potential of 1.45 V,Pt@ZnCo2O4 modified electrode shows widespread of two linear ranges (0.05 to 265.55 lM and 295.55to 757.55 lM) with a low detection limit (0.0114 and 0.01657 lM) and high sensitivity (3.419 and1.862 lA lM1 cm2). Moreover, good results were obtained for the real-time detection of caffeine insugar-free cola beverage and energy drink samples. Henceforth, the developed method could be an idealway to detect caffeine in real samples.