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Huynh Tan Nhut,Nguyen Tri Quang Hung,Tran Cong Sac,Nguyen Huynh Khanh Bang,Tran Quang Tri,Nguyen Trung Hiep,Nguyen Minh Ky 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.5
This study evaluates the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment via Sponge-Based Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (S-MBBR). The laboratory-based treatment plan uses polyurethane sponge with a specific surface area was 260 ㎡/㎥ as a carrier. The treatment plan operated under four different organic load rate: OLR1 = 0.4 ㎏ BOD/㎥.day; OLR2 = 0.6 ㎏ BOD/㎥.day; OLR3 = 0.8 ㎏ BOD/㎥.day; and OLR4 = 1.0 ㎏ BOD/㎥.day. During 80 d of the experiment, the highest treatment efficiency was at the organic load rate of 0.4 ㎏ BOD/㎥.day, with COD, SS, TN and TP were found to be 85.0 ± 12.9%, 85.7 ± 5.3%, 68.9 ± 1.7%, and 40.3 ± 0.2%, respectively. In which, the influent SS concentration were from 117.3 to 126.0 ㎎/L, the effluent concentration were in ranged 18.0 to 34.22 ㎎/L, respectively. The values of influent and effluent COD were 298.8 ± 12.88 and 44.8 ± 3.78 ㎎/L in turn. The OLR1 influent TN, TP concentrations were respectively 47.9 ± 2.11 and 3.6 ± 0.15 ㎎/L; the effluent TN, TP concentration were 14.9 ± 0.18 and 2.2 ± 0.06 ㎎/L, respectively. The study suggests that the effluent is within the allowable limits of National technical regulation on domestic wastewater (Column B1), indicating the applicability of S-MBBR for the domestic wastewater treatment plant.
UV-induced JNK Activity Does Not Correlate with UV-induced Cell Death in Human Oral Keratinocytes
Zhou, Heng,Le, David,Huynh, Tri,Park, No-Hee,Chiu, Robert Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 2000 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.25 No.2
UV-C irradiation has been known to be a strong inducer of C-Jun N-terminal protein kinase〔JNK〕activity and cell death. UV-inducced cell death may be mediated by initial elevation of UV-induced JNK activity. The sensitivity of UV-induced cell death may also be different between normal and cancer cells as suggested previously. To test these hypotheses, we compare the difference of JNK< ERK activity and cell apoptosis between NHOKs and oral cancer cells, including HOK-16B, HOK-16B-Bap-T, SCC4, SCC9, Cal27, Cal33 and Hep-2. The cells were treated with UV-C〔30j/㎡〕and incubated for different time points for determination of kinase activity and cell apoptosis. UV-induced JNK activity reached its peak at one or two hours, while apoptosis was apparent within four hours. JNK activity was reduced to basal level when all the cells underwent apoptosis within twenty-fours hours, suggesting that JNK might be an initial triggering signal for keratinocyte apoptosis. However, by comparing both JNK and ERK activities at a one-hour interval where JNK reached its peak in most cells, we found that there was no direct relationship between JNK or ERK activity with the degree of UV-C-induced apoptosis in oral keratinocytes. These data clearly demonstrated that UV-induced cell apoptosis is more complex than mediated by elevation of JNK that has been correlated with the mount of DNA damage induced by UV-C irradiation.