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Sense of Place In Wakamatsu Port After 1887, As Seen From The Sunken Coal (Chinbotsu-tan) Problem
Torikai, Kaoru East-Asian Society for Urban History 2020 Journal of east-asian urban history Vol.2 No.1
This study aims to inquire the sense of place. As an example, I present some conflicts over the right of coal spilled into the sea during coal loading which had occurred frequently in the formation and development period of the Chikuho coalfield (Chikuho-tanden) and Wakamatsu Port located in the northeastern part of Fukuoka Prefecture.
Neutron and X-ray scattering on the monolayer structure of a lecithin fullerene-derivative.
Jeng, U-Ser,Lin, Tsang-Lang,Shin, Kwanwoo,Lee, Hsin-Yi,Hsu, Chia-Hung,Chi, Zau-Ann,Shih, Ming Chih,Torikai, Naoya American Scientific Publishers 2007 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.7 No.4
<P>Using neutron reflectivity with contrast variation, X-ray reflectivity, and grazing incident small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), we have characterized the in-depth and in-plane structural characteristics of the Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films formed by a novel lecithin C60-derivative, FPTL, of three phospholipids jointly bonded on one single olefinic moiety of a C60 cage. Based on the neutron reflectivity measured, we have proposed a monolayer structure, with the C60 cages of FPTL lifted into the air and hydrophilic phospholipid heads immersed in water, for the FPTL Langmuir layer formed on water. On the other hand, the LB film of FPTL prepared on mica exhibits clear Kiessig fringes in the X-ray reflectivity profile, indicating a 27 angstroms monolayer film with less molecular orientation. With GISAXS, we have extracted an in-plane correlation length of about 210 A for a possible in-plane aggregation of C60 of FPTL in the LB monolayer. We have also demonstrated the highly ordered monolayer structures of a lecithin lipid, in elucidating the positive effect of the attached functional group-phospholipids on the monolayer formation of the lecithin C60-derivative.</P>