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Tong Zhao,Wenjing Liu,Zhifang Xu,Taoze Liu,Sheng Xu,Lifeng Cui,Chao Shi 한국지질과학협의회 2019 Geosciences Journal Vol.23 No.1
Both tectonics and climate affect surface erosion and change the landform. Long-term surface erosion rates determined by in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides are useful quantitative constraints for landform evolution in geological time scale. Measurements of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in the granitic rocks exposed in the Badain Jaran Desert, give a mean erosion rate of 7.3 ± 2.6 m/Ma, which is an order of magnitude higher than those reported in other extremely arid regions. Tectonic activity is supposed to be the first order control on regional erosion rate by comparing the 10Be erosion rates of arid regions with different precipitation ranges and tectonic activities worldwide. However the higher erosion rates in the Badain Jaran Desert compared with other arid regions within the stable tectonic background were attributed to the wind erosion and periodically warmer and wetter climate since late Pleistocene. Besides, the estimated eroded mass flux of 7.8 × 104 t/y suggests that erosion products of bedrocks in the Badian Jaran Desert only contribute minor desert deposits, which indicates massive exogenous materials input to the desert.
Electro-elastic analysis of piezoelectric laminated plates
Zhao, Minghao,Qian, Caifu,Lee, S.W.R.,Tong, Pin,Suemasu, H.,Zhang, Tong-Yi The Korean Society for Composite Materials 2007 Advanced composite materials Vol.16 No.1
Based on the Kirchhoff hypothesis of normal-remain-normal, the present work analyses piezoelectric laminated plates, wherein poled piezoelectric laminae are transversely isotropic and function as actuators. A quadric electric field is induced inside a piezoelectric lamina under a given applied voltage and mechanical bending. The governing equations for the piezoelectric laminated plate derived from the principle of virtual work in terms of the electric enthalpy have the same forms as those for a conventional composite laminated plate. We use rectangular sandwich plates of Al/PZT/Al and PZT/Al/PZT with four simply supported edges to demonstrate the prediction of the maximum bending stress in the PZT layer. The analytic solutions are verified by three-dimensional finite element analysis.
Analysis on the creep response of bolted rock using bolted burgers model
Zhao, Tong-Bin,Zhang, Yu-Bao,Zhang, Qian-Qing,Tan, Yun-Liang Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.14 No.2
In this paper, the creep behavior of bolted rock was analyzed by using the unconfined creep tests and the numerical results. Based on the test results, the Bolted Burgers creep model (B-B model) was proposed to clarify the creep mechanism of rock mass due to rock bolts. As to the simulation of the creep behaviour of bolted rock, a new user-defined incremental iterative format of the B-B model was established and the open-source $FLAC^{3D}$ code was written by using the object-oriented language (C++). To check the reliability of the present B-B creep constitutive model program, a numerical model of a tunnel with buried depth of 1000 m was established to analyze the creep response of the tunnel with the B-B model support, the non-support and the bolt element support. The simulation results show that the present B-B model is consistent with the calculated results of the inherent bolt element in $FLAC^{3D}$, and the convergence deformation can be more effectively controlled when the proposed B-B model is used in the $FLAC^{3D}$ software. The big advantage of the present B-B creep model secondarily developed in the $FLAC^{3D}$ software is the high computational efficiency.
Failure characteristics of combined coal-rock with different interfacial angles
Zhao, Tong-Bin,Guo, Wei-Yao,Lu, Cai-Ping,Zhao, Guang-Ming Techno-Press 2016 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.11 No.3
In order to investigate the influence of the interfacial angel on failure characteristics and mechanism of combined coal-rock mass, 35 uniaxial/biaxial compressive simulation tests with 5 different interfacial angels of combined coal-rock samples were conducted by PFC2D software. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The compressive strength and cohesion decrease with the increase of interfacial angle, which is defined as the angle between structure plane and the exterior normal of maximum principal plane, while the changes of elastic modulus and internal friction angle are not obvious; (2) The impact energy index $K_E$ decreases with the increase of interfacial angle, and the slip failure of the interface can be predicted based on whether the number of acoustic emission (AE) hits has multiple peaks or not; (3) There are four typical failure patterns for combined coal-rock samples including I (V-shaped shear failure of coal), II (single-fracture shear failure of coal), III (shear failure of rock and coal), and IV (slip rupture of interface); and (4) A positive correlation between interfacial angle and interface effect is shown obviously, and the interfacial angle can be divided into weak-influencing scope ($0-15^{\circ}$), moderate-influencing scope ($15-45^{\circ}$), and strong-influencing scope (> $45^{\circ}$), respectively. However, the confining pressure has a certain constraint effect on the interface effect.
The Influence of Hi-flux Powders Characteristics on the Performance of Magnetic Powder Cores
Zhao Tong Chun,Ma Hong Qiu,Ding Fu Chang 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
The influence of Hi-flux powders characteristics on the performance of magnetic powder cores was studied. It was found that different cooling rate and nozzle configuration could change the shape and microstructure of powders. Smooth surface and spherical shape of powders were beneficial to improve DC bias performance and reduce core losses of magnetic powder core.
Zhao Tong,Piñeyro-Nelson Alma,Yu Qianxia,Pan Xiaoping,Hu Xiaoying,Liu Huanfang,Liao Jingping 한국식물학회 2021 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.64 No.5
The flower of Hedychium coronarium possesses highly specialized floral organs: a synsepalous calyx, petaloid staminodes and a labellum. The formation of these organs is controlled by two gene categories: floral organ identity genes and organ boundary genes, which may function individually or jointly during flower development. Although the floral organogenesis of H. coronarium has been studied at the morphological level, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in particular organ morphologies that emerge in flower development still remain poorly understood. Here, we used comparative transcriptomics combined with Real-time quantitative PCR to investigate gene expression patterns of ABC-class genes in H. coronarium flowers, as well as the homolog of PETAL LOSS (HcPTL). Our studies found that stamen/petal identity or stamen fertility in H. coronarium was not necessarily correlated with the differential expression of HcAP3 and HcAG. We also found a novel spatio-temporal expression pattern for HcPTL mRNA, suggesting it may have evolved a lineage-specific role in the morphogenesis of the Hedychium flower. Our study provides a new transcriptome reference and a functional hypothesis regarding the role of a boundary gene in organ fusion that should be further addressed through phylogenetic analyzes of this gene, as well as functional studies.
Enantioselective Esterification of Ibuprofen by a Novel Thermophilic Biocatalyst: APE1547
Zhao Dan-tong,Xun Er-na,Wang Jia-xin,Wang Ren,Wei Xiao-fei,Wang Lei,Wang Zhi 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.4
The enantioselective esterification of ibuprofen catalyzed by a novel thermophilic esterase (APE1547)from the archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 was successfully conducted in organic solvents. The effects of acyl acceptor,substrate ratio, organic solvent, temperature, and water activity were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the highest enantioselectivity (E = 38.1) was obtained with a higher enzyme activity (216.5 μmol/g/h). Celites were added into the reaction mixture to remove the water produced in the esterification. The reaction achieved its equilibrium in approximately 96 h with a conversion of 57 and 99%(ee) of the un-reacted (S)-ibuprofen obtained.
Zhao Tong,Li Desheng,Ye Lezhi,Guo Benzhen,Li Zequn,Ma Tongxin 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.3
In order to solve the problem of the large moment of inertia of the existing rotating electromagnetic shock absorber for armored vehicles, a new lightweight rotor adaptive electromagnetic shock absorber (LR-AESA) is proposed in this paper. The LR-AESA consists of the left and right symmetrically distributed stators, a rotor in the middle and excitation coils. Secondly, based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method (EMC) and the Ampere loop theorem, and the interaction of the reaction magnetic fields between adjacent eddy current rings and the nonlinear effect of the interaction between the eddy current field and the original magnetic field are further considered, the air gap magnetic field distribution of the LR-AESA of the 10# steel rotor and the copper rotor at different speeds is derived, and the analytical expression of the damping torque is obtained. Finally, the validity of the analytical model was verified by comparison with results from the 3-D finite element method (FEM). The results show that the LR-AESA of the two material rotors can meet the requirements of technical indicators, but in the full speed section (200 ~ 2000 rpm), the copper rotor has the advantage of a wider range of the damping torque adjustment.