Gastric Xanthomas and Fundic Gland Polyps as Endoscopic Risk Indicators of Gastric Cancer

Kentaro Yamashita,Ryo Suzuki,Toshiyuki Kubo,Kei Onodera,Tomoya Iida,Mayuko Saito,Yoshiaki Arimura,Takao Endo,Masanori Nojima,Hiroshi Nakase 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2019 Gut and Liver Vol.13 No.4

Background/Aims: Fundic gland polyps (FGPs), hyperplastic polyps (HPs), and xanthomas (XTs) are common benign gastric lesions that can be diagnosed by endoscopic appearance alone in most cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between gastric cancer and these benign lesions. Methods: Two expert endoscopists reviewed a series of gastroscopy images. FGPs, HPs, and XTs were diagnosed by endoscopic appearance, whereas all gastric cancers were confirmed pathologically. Results: Of the 1,227 patients reviewed, 114 (9.3%) had a concurrent or past history of gastric cancer. The overall prevalences of FGPs, HPs and XTs were 9.4%, 6.3% and 14.2%, respectively. HPs and XTs coexisted in 1.6% of patients, whereas other combinations were rarer. XTs were observed in 39.3% and 11.5% of patients with and without gastric cancer, respectively (p<0.001). In contrast, no gastric cancer patients had FGPs, whereas 10.4% of patients without cancer had FGPs (p<0.001). The prevalence of HPs was similar between the two groups (8.8% and 6.0% of patients with and without cancer, respectively, p=0.29). Multivariate and Mantel-Haenszel analyses demonstrated that XTs were positively associated and FGPs were negatively associated with gastric cancer. Conclusions: XTs and FGPs might be useful as endoscopic risk indicators for monitoring gastric cancer.

Sensitivity Change in Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Microsensors Caused by a Variation of Diaphragm Structures

Kaoru Yamashita,Minoru Noda,Tomoya Yoshizaki,Masanori Okuyama 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.2

Sensitivity changes in piezoelectric-type ultrasonic microsensors have been investigated for variations in the layered structures in their diaphragms. The structure variations have been designed for sensitivity improvement in sensors having statically downward-deflected diaphragms to reduce lateral strain cancellation on their piezoelectric layer by enhancing the strain of the structural expansion component and by suppressing the strain of the bending component. The piezoelectric layer on the front side of the diaphragm has been removed around the top electrode to make slits with various widths. Silicon-dioxide and silicon layers on the rear side of the diaphragm have been removed entirely. These two variations in the structures have been analyzed for their effectiveness in sensitivity improvement, the modified sensor structures have been fabricated, and their sensitivity have been evaluated. Sensitivity changes in piezoelectric-type ultrasonic microsensors have been investigated for variations in the layered structures in their diaphragms. The structure variations have been designed for sensitivity improvement in sensors having statically downward-deflected diaphragms to reduce lateral strain cancellation on their piezoelectric layer by enhancing the strain of the structural expansion component and by suppressing the strain of the bending component. The piezoelectric layer on the front side of the diaphragm has been removed around the top electrode to make slits with various widths. Silicon-dioxide and silicon layers on the rear side of the diaphragm have been removed entirely. These two variations in the structures have been analyzed for their effectiveness in sensitivity improvement, the modified sensor structures have been fabricated, and their sensitivity have been evaluated.

Fixation Strength of Caudal Pedicle Screws after Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with the Modified Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Method

Hironobu Sakaura,Toshitada Miwa,Tomoya Yamashita,Yusuke Kuroda,Tetsuo Ohwada 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.4

Study Design: Clinical case series. Purpose: In the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) procedure in our institute, the cephalad screw trajectory follows a mediolateral and caudocephalad directed path according to the original cortical bone trajectory (CBT) method. However, the starting point of the caudal screw is at the medial border of the pedicle on an articular surface of the superior articular process, and the trajectory takes a mediolateral path parallel to the cephalad endplate. The incidence of caudal screw loosening after PLIF with this modified CBT screw method was investigated, and significant risk factors for caudal screw loosening were evaluated. Overview of Literature: A biomechanical study of this modified caudal screw trajectory using the finite element method reported about a 20% increase in uniaxial yield pullout load compared with the traditional trajectory. However, there has been no clinical study concerning the fixation strength of this modified caudal screw trajectory. Methods: The subjects were 193 consecutive patients who underwent single-level PLIF with modified CBT screw fixation. Caudal screw loosening was checked in computed tomography at 6 months after surgery, and screw loosening was defined as a radiolucency of 1 mm or more at the bone-screw interface. Results: The incidence of caudal screw loosening after lumbosacral PLIF (46.2%) was significantly higher than that after floating PLIF (6.0%). No significant differences in sex, brand of the instruments, and diameter and length of the caudal screw were evident between patients with and without caudal screw loosening. Patients with caudal screw loosening were significantly older at the time of surgery than patients without caudal screw loosening. Conclusions: Fixation strength of the caudal screw after floating PLIF with this modified CBT screw technique was sufficiently acceptable. Fixation strength after the lumbosacral procedure was not.

A new application of photocatalysts: synthesis of nano-sized metal and alloy catalysts by a photo-assisted deposition method

Mori, Kohsuke,Araki, Takashi,Takasaki, Tomoya,Shironita, Sayoko,Yamashita, Hiromi Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.5

Supported Pd catalysts were synthesized using various semiconductor materials by a photo-assisted deposition method under UV-light irradiation. The Pd precursor was deposited and partially reduced by the direct interaction with the photo-excited state of the semiconductor materials, and subsequently transformed into metal particles by $H_2$ reduction. CO adsorption and Pd K-edge XAFS measurements demonstrated that the mean diameter of the deposited Pd particles can be controlled by the type of employed semiconductor materials. The catalytic activities in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) using $H_2$ and $O_2$ gases under atmospheric pressure were strongly dependent on the type of supports. Here, the use of $TiO_2$ comprising a mixed phase of anatase and rutile was the most efficient based on the amount of Pd. The photo-assisted deposition also provides a simple and straightforward method to synthesize PdAu alloy nanoparticles. For the structural model of PdAu nanoparticles, we suggest that most of the Au atoms are preferentially located in the core region, whereas the Pd atoms are preferentially located in the shell region. The PdAu/$TiO_2$ catalysts prepared by the photo-assisted deposition method were shown to perform significantly better than the pure Pd/$TiO_2$ catalysts.

Frequency and clinical features of deficient mismatch repair in ovarian clear cell and endometrioid carcinoma

Tamaki Tanaka,Kazuhiro Takehara,Natsumi Yamashita,Mika Okazawa-Sakai,Kazuya Kuraoka,Norihiro Teramoto,Kenichi Taguchi,Katsushige Yamashiro,Hidenori Kato,Tomoya Mizunoe,Rie Suzuki,Dan Yamamoto,Arisa Ue 대한부인종양학회 2022 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.33 No.5

Objective: To clarify the frequency of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) in Japanese ovarian cancer patients, we examined microsatellite instability (MSI) status and immunohistochemistry (IHC) subtypes, including endometrioid carcinoma (EMC), clear cell carcinoma (CCC), or a mixture of both (Mix). Methods: We registered 390 patients who were diagnosed with EMC/CCC/Mix between 2006 and 2015 and treated at seven participating facilities. For 339 patients confirmed eligible by the Central Pathological Review Board, MSI, IHC, and MutL homolog 1 methylation analyses were conducted. The tissues of patients with Lynch syndrome (LS)-related cancer histories, such as colorectal and endometrial cancer, were also investigated. Results: MSI-high (MSI-H) status was observed in 2/217 CCC (0.9%), 10/115 EMC (8.7%), and 1/4 Mix (25%). Additionally, loss of MMR protein expression (LoE-MMR) was observed in 5/219 (2.3%), 16/115 (14.0%), and 1/4 (25%) patients with CCC, EMC, and Mix, respectively. Both MSI-H and LoE-MMR were found significantly more often in EMC (p<0.001). The median (range) ages of patients with MMR expression and LoE-MMR were 54 (30–90) and 46 (22–76) (p=0.002), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, advanced stage and histological type were identified as prognostic factors. Conclusion: The dMMR rate for EMC/CCC was similar to that reported in Western countries. In Japan, it is assumed that the dMMR frequency is higher because of the increased proportion of CCC.

Rimmed Vacuoles in Myositis Associated with Antimitochondrial Antibody

Rui Shimazaki,Akinori Uruha,Hideki Kimura,Utako Nagaoka,Tomoya Kawazoe,Satoshi Yamashita,Takashi Komori,Kazuhito Miyamoto,Shiro Matsubara,Keizo Sugaya,Masahiro Nagao,Eiji Isozaki 대한신경과학회 2020 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.16 No.3