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AYE, Tin Tin,이경열,권용정 한국곤충학회 2004 Entomological Research Vol.34 No.4
Partial cDNA of hemolin, an insect immune protein, was cloned from indianmealmoth, Plodia interpunctella, and the rates of hemolin mRNA expression were demonstrated in eachstage of development and also by bacterial injections. A deduced amino acid sequence from thecloned hemolin cDNA was approximately 44-54% similar to hemolins of 5 other moths. Duringdevelopment the level of hemolin mRNA was the highest at the time of the larval-pupalmatamorphosis. Hemolin was also rapidly induced by the injection of bacteria into the 4thor the 5thinstar larvae. Hemolin induction rate by bacterial challenge was higher in the 5thinstar larvae thanin 4th instars. Our results suggest that hemolin could have multiple roles that act both on cellularprocesses during development and on the immune reactions for the resistance to pathogen invasion.
Tin Tin Aye,Jae-Kyoung Shim,Woo-Geun Song,Kyeong-Yeoll Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05
The use of electron beam irradiation has been emerged as one of alternative ways of the restriction of methyl bromide usage for the disinfestation of stored-products and quarantine pests. Here we demonstrated effects of electron beam irradiation on development and gene expression of P. interpunctella, which is a serious pest of various stored-products. P. interpunctella at various developmental stages were irradiated at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 kGy. Eggs failed to hatch at all treated doses of electron beam. Fifth instar larvae pupated only 6.7% by 0.25 kGy irradiation but failed pupation at above doses. Interestingly, survived larvae by low-dose irradiation did not pupated until 40 days. Pupae eclosed to adults only 12.1% by 0.25 kGy irradiation but failed at above doses. In addition, 5-day-old pupae eclosed 94.4, 91.6, 100 and 49.9% at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 kGy, respectively. However, most of those emerged adults were malformed, especially in wings, and showed very low oviposition rate. We demonstrated whether the electron beam irradiation induces gene expression. Upregulated genes at any doses were hsp70, which is a stress-responsive protein, at fifth instar larval stage and hemolin, which is an immune-responsive protein, at pupal stage. Some genes of pupae, such as β-1,3 glucan recognition protein, hsp70 and acp25 (small hsp) were upregulated only at high doses. However, other genes, such as prophenoloxidase, ultraspiracle , ecdysone receptor and heat shock proteins (hsp90, hsc70) were downregulated by irradiation of electron beam
Jae-Kyoung Shim,Tin Tin Aye,Kyeong-Yeoll Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05
A glucose-regulated protein 78 (grp78) gene, which is belongs to a heat shock cognate 70 (hsc70) subfamily, was cloned from Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Its full length cDNA was 2679 bp and contains a 1980 bp open reading frame. The translated amino acid sequence consists of 660 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 72,975 Da and an isoelectronic point (pI) of 5.27. It contains several highly conserved functional motifs of the Hsp70 family and, particularly, C-terminal motif of KDEL that is characteristic for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) hsc70. Its deduced amino acid sequence shows a high identity (83-94%) with Hsc70s of other insects and grouped with Hsc70-3 among 5 Hsc70 members of Drosophila melanogaster. During development the grp78 transcript level was high in egg, feeding larval and adult stages but low in molting and wandering larval and pupal stages. Particularly its level was higher in the gut than integument and fat body of fifth instars. Furthermore its level was greatly decreased when fifth instar larvae were starved for 48 hrs but recovered at 3-6 hrs after re-fed diet. Our data suggests that grp78 is a member of hsc70 gene that belongs to ER and may have a role for energy metabolism at cellular level.
Improving the Light Extraction Efficiency of GRIN Coatings Pillar Light Emitting Diodes
War War Moe,Mg Aye,Tin Tin Hla 한국재료학회 2022 한국재료학회지 Vol.32 No.6
This study investigated a graded-refractive-index (GRIN) coating pattern capable of improving the light extraction efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The planar LEDs had total internal reflection thanks to the large difference in refractive index between the LED semiconductor and the surrounding medium (air). The main goal of this paper was to reduce the trapped light inside the LED by controlling the refractive index using various compositions of (TiO2)x(SiO2)1−x in GRIN LEDs consisting of five dielectric layers. Several types of multilayer LEDs were simulated and it was determined the transmittance value of the LEDs with many layers was greater than the LEDs with less layers. Then, the specific ranges of incident angles of the individual layers which depend on the refractive index were evaluated. According to theoretical calculations, the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of the five-layer GRIN is 25.29 %, 28.54 % and 30.22 %, respectively. Consequently, the five-layer GRIN LEDs patterned enhancement outcome LEE over the reference planar LEDs. The results suggest the increased light extraction efficiency is related to the loss of Fresnel transmission and the release of the light mode trapped inside the LED chip by the graded-refractive-index.
Incidence of virus diseases and its vectors in Myanmar
Nang Kyu Kyu Win,Ohn Mar Lynn,Tin Tin Aye 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.10
Various symptoms of virus diseases are observed on the cultivated and non-cultivated crops in Myanmar. The virus diseases cause a major limiting factor in the tomato and chili production. During 2018, survey on the virus disease and its vectors in tomato and chili fields were conducted in central regions of Myanmar including Naypyidaw, Mandalay, Magway and Sagaing Divisions. The symptoms observed on tomato and chili were chlorosis, puckering of leaf, upward curling of leaves, reduction in leaf size, vein and stunting. Tomato leaf curl (TLC) disease incidence and severity ranged from 10 to 100% and 37 to 86% respectively. Chili leaf curl (CLC) disease incidence and severity was 30 to 100% and 13 to 100% respectively. The highest incidence and severity of TLC and CLC recorded in Lewe townships, Naypyidaw. Insect vectors observed in those areas were whitefly (Bamisia tabaci), jassid (Emposca sp) and mealy bug, and the white fly was common. Whiteflies are very important vectors for virus in tropical and subtropical regions, but not confirmed to this area. Jassids are also vectors for virus. Both nymphs and adults suck the plant sap and introduce toxin to host plants. Therefore, an infestation may be very damaging and show stunted growth and bushy appearance.