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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Tin Tin Hla (검색결과 4 건)
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Nyunt, Myat Htut,Hlaing, Thaung,Oo, Htet Wai,Tin-Oo, Lu-Lu Kyaw,Phway, Hnin Phyu,Wang, Bo,Zaw, Ni Ni,Han, Soe Soe,Tun, Thurein,San, Kyaw Kyaw,Kyaw, Myat Phone,Han, Eun-Taek Oxford University Press 2015 Clinical infectious diseases Vol.60 No.8
<P>K13 mutations were significantly associated with day 3 parasitaemia, emphasizing the importance of K13 surveillance. Low prevalence of K13 mutations and absence of day 3 positive cases indicate that artemisinin resistance may not have spread to the western Myanmar border region.</P><P><B><I>Background.</I></B> As K13 propeller mutations have been recently reported to serve as molecular markers, assessment of K13 propeller polymorphisms in multidrug-resistant gene in isolates from Myanmar, especially the eastern and western border areas, is crucial if we are to understand the spread of artemisinin resistance.</P><P><B><I>Methods.</I></B> A 3-day surveillance study was conducted in the eastern and western border areas in Myanmar, and K13 propeller and <I>Plasmodium falciparum</I> multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (<I>pfmrp1</I>) mutations were analyzed.</P><P><B><I>Results.</I></B> Among the 1761 suspected malaria cases screened, a total of 42 uncomplicated falciparum cases from the eastern border and 49 from the western border were subjected to 3 days of surveillance after artemether-lumefantrine treatment. No parasitemic case showing positivity on day 3 was noted from the western border, but 26.2% (11/42) of cases were positive in the eastern border. Although we found no marked difference in the prevalence of the <I>pfmrp1</I> mutation in the eastern and western borders (36% vs 31%, respectively), K13 mutations were more frequent in the eastern border area (where the 3-day persistent cases were detected; 48% vs 14%). C580Y, M476I, A481V, N458Y, R539T, and R516Y accounted for 68.9% of all K13 mutations significantly associated with day 3 parasitaemia.</P><P><B><I>Conclusions.</I></B> The K13 mutations were significantly associated with day 3 parasitaemia, emphasizing the importance of K13 surveillance. The low prevalence of K13 mutations and the absence of day 3 parasitaemic cases indicate that artemisinin resistance may not have spread to the western Myanmar border region. Although analysis of multiple K13 mutations is challenging, it should be done at various sentinel sites in Myanmar.</P>
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Analysis of Bulk Concentration on Double-Layer Structure for Electrochemical Capacitors
Khaing Nee Nee Khaing,Tin Tin Hla 한국재료학회 2022 한국재료학회지 Vol.32 No.7
Double-layer capacitors (DLCs) are developed with high surface electrodes to achieve a high capacitance value. In the present work, the initial bulk concentration of 1 mol/m3 and 3 mol /m3 are selected to show the consequential effects on the performance of a double-layer capacitor. A 1D model of COMSOL Multiphysics has been developed to analyze the electric field and potential in cell voltage, the electric displacement field and polarization induced by the field, and energy density in a double-layer structure. The electrostatics and the electric circuit modes in COMSOL are used to simulate the electrochemical processes in the double-layer structure. The analytical analysis of a double-layer capacitor with different initial bulk concentrations is investigated by using Poisson-Nernst-Plank equations. From the simulation results, the differential capacitance changes as a function of compact layer thickness and initial bulk concentration. The energy density varies with the differential capacitance and voltage window. The values of energy density are dominated by the interaction of ions in the solution and electrode surface.
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Intravenous Iron Therapy: Re-administration after Prior Adverse Reaction
Aung Tim,Thein Hla,Aung Sandy Tin,Soe Benjamin Tin Aung,Ohnmar Ei 대한가정의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.44 No.6
Background: Intravenous (IV) iron therapy is performed in community practices and hospitals with modern for-mulations when oral administration becomes impractical. Effective replacement of iron is important for the treat-ment of iron deficiency and anemia. Can IV iron be rechallenged in individuals with a history of adverse reactions? This review is to explore the challenge of this, when clinically indicated.Methods: After performing a literature search, five studies (combined total sample number=1,006) for re-exposure of IV iron to individuals with a history of past reactions were identified, observed, and analyzed. Re-exposure in-cluded reactions ranging from mild to moderate and few cases of severe type.Results: The majority (>80%) of IV iron rechallenges were tolerable, safe, and successful without major serious inci-dents. There were no reports of major reactions (severe hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis) in these re-expo-sures.Conclusion: Re-administration of IV iron therapy in patients with a previous adverse reaction is plausible, with benefit and risk stratification. A rechallenge would depend on the nature and degree of the adverse reaction and use of alternative formulations. Rechallenge to a previous severe hypersensitivity reaction or anaphylaxis with the same product has not been reported in these studies. Evidence on the benefit of premedication use is conflicting and requires further studies.
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Improving the Light Extraction Efficiency of GRIN Coatings Pillar Light Emitting Diodes
War War Moe,Mg Aye,Tin Tin Hla 한국재료학회 2022 한국재료학회지 Vol.32 No.6
This study investigated a graded-refractive-index (GRIN) coating pattern capable of improving the light extraction efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The planar LEDs had total internal reflection thanks to the large difference in refractive index between the LED semiconductor and the surrounding medium (air). The main goal of this paper was to reduce the trapped light inside the LED by controlling the refractive index using various compositions of (TiO2)x(SiO2)1−x in GRIN LEDs consisting of five dielectric layers. Several types of multilayer LEDs were simulated and it was determined the transmittance value of the LEDs with many layers was greater than the LEDs with less layers. Then, the specific ranges of incident angles of the individual layers which depend on the refractive index were evaluated. According to theoretical calculations, the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of the five-layer GRIN is 25.29 %, 28.54 % and 30.22 %, respectively. Consequently, the five-layer GRIN LEDs patterned enhancement outcome LEE over the reference planar LEDs. The results suggest the increased light extraction efficiency is related to the loss of Fresnel transmission and the release of the light mode trapped inside the LED chip by the graded-refractive-index.
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