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Kyeong-Yeoll Lee,Woo-Geun Song,Sukchan Lee,Eunseok Choi 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
The sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabasi is one of the most important pests of various horticultural crops. In addition, B. tabaci is a vector of many plant-pathogenic viruses and cause a serious secondary damage to crop plants. Association of plant-pathogenic virus with vector insects is known to be effective on the transmission capacity, fecundity, longevity of vectors including whiteflies. However, the interactive mechanisms between virus and vector insects are still poorly understood. Recently, a serious damage caused by virus disease together with B. tabasi emergence was identified at tomato glasshouse in Tongyoung. We detected the signals of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) in tomato leaves and vector whiteflies using PCR amplification and confirmed its presence by those sequence comparison. To determine the effects of TYLCV acquisition on physiological status of vector whiteflies, transcript levels of genes that associated with metamorphosis, metabolism, stress and immune processes were compared between TYLCVinfected whiteflies and non-infected ones. Generally, the transcript levels of virus-infected whiteflies were lower than those of non-infected ones. In addition, the associations of endosymbiont levels within whiteflies were discussed in aspect of the acquisition and transmission of TYLCV.
TYLCV transmission by whiteflies, weeds and seeds
Kyeong-Yeoll Lee,Jae-Kyoung Shim,Sukchan Lee,Eui-Joon Kil,Gwan-Seok Lee,Hong-Soo Choi,Chang-Seok Kim,Jung-Hwan Lee,Ji-Kwang Kim,Kyung-Bon Koo 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.04
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes a highly serious disease in tomatoes in many countries. The most important thing in management is the prevention of virus transmission. TYLCV had been known to be only transmitted by a vector, the sweetpotato whitelfy, Bemisia tabaci. However, we identified two other important routes of TYLCV transmission into tomatoes. It is seed-transmissible. Many seeds available in domestic and global markets were infected by TYLCV. It is also infective into various weeds and other horticultural crops and transmit virus through vector insects. Therefore, we need a new strategy for the virus and vector management.
Kyeong-Yeoll Lee,Hanna Kim,Yeon-Su Yu 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04
Heating for disinfestation has been practiced of at the condition of 55-60°C for at least 48 hours in various facilities of stored and processed agricultural products. However, it has been required to reduce temperature and time due to the economic efficiency. To improve disinfestation efficiency of heating, we demonstrated whether combined treatments of heat with other agents exert synergistic for disinfestation. Heat treatments were combined with 1 ppm diatomaceous earth (DE), 10 ppm phosphine or 10% carbon dioxide against Plodia interpunctella, Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum. Insects were treated single or multiple combinations of each component for 6 h at either 25°C or 40°C, then mortalities were monitored for 14 days post-treatments. Combined treatments greatly enhanced mortalities and shorten killing time of three species rather than single treatments. Particularly, heat treatments with 1 ppm DE and 10 ppm phosphine completely lethal within 3-6 h post-treatments, but heating with 10% CO2 was not much effective. Among three species, S. zeamais adults were more suscpetable to heat but both larvae and adults of T. castaneum was highly susceptible to phosphine. Our results clearly showed that combined treatment of DE or phosphine with mild heating (40°C) greatly improved mortalities of three major stored pest insects and provide advanced techniques for disinfestation of stored product pests.
Temperature effects on plant virus transmission of vector insect Bemisia tabaci
Kyeong-Yeoll Lee,Gwan-Seok Lee,Chang-Seok Kim,Sukchan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Acquisition of plant viruses has various effects on physiological mechanisms in vector insects. Bemisia tabaci is the only known vector of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), which is a serious virus affecting tomato cultivars. In this study, the lifespan of Q1 biotype was compared between non-viruliferous (NV) and TYLCV-viruliferous (V) whiteflies. Total lifespan from egg to adult death of NV whiteflies was 62.54 days but 10.64 days shorter in V whiteflies. We investigated the temperature susceptibility of B. tabaciby comparing mortalities as well as heat shock protein (hsp) mRNA levels between NV and V whiteflies. For this, NV and V whiteflies were exposed for either 1 or 3 h at 4, 25, and 35 °C. The mortality of V whiteflies was higher than NV ones following exposure at either 4 or 35 °C, but there was no significant difference at 25 °C. Analysis of the expression level of heat shock protein (hsp) genes using quantitative real-time PCR showed that both cold and heat shock treatments stimulated higher expression of hsps (hsp40, hsp70, and hsp90) at various rates in V whiteflies than NV ones, but there was no difference at 25 °C. All together, our results show that TYLCV acquisition accelerated the developmental rate and increased susceptibility to thermal stress in B. tabaci. Therefore, this modification may result in reduced vector longevity due to increased metabolic energy utilization. Our results provide insights into the complex interaction between vector fitness and thermal stress in relation to the acquisition and transmission of plant viruses.
Lee, Kyeong-Yeoll 한국곤충학회 2003 Entomological Research Vol.33 No.3
Midgut active ion transport changes during the final larval stage of the tobacco hornworm. The short-circuit current ( $I_{sc}$ ) of the posterior midguts dissected from feeding fifth instars (day 2) is higher than that of midguts from wandering larvae (day 5). The $I_{sc}$ of midguts from day 2 larvae is inhibited by 1 mM cAMP and 0.1 mM cGMP, whereas the midguts from day 5 larvae are stimulated by cAMP but unaffected by cGMP. A similar pattern is observed if the midguts are exposed to the cyclic nucleotide derivative, 8-bromo-cGMP. Exposure to the calcium ionophore, A23187, or the endoplasmic calcium ATPase inhibitor, thapsigargin, slightly inhibited the $I_{sc}$ of day 2 larval midguts, but this inhibition was not significant. Pharmacological agents known to modulate the activities of protein kinase A, protein kinase C, or protein phosphatases did not change the Isco These results indicate that midgut active ion transport is modulated by cyclic nucleotides, but the manner of the response depends on the developmental status of the insect.
Lee, Hye-Jung,Park, Jung-An,Auh, Chung-Kyoon,Lee, Kyeong-Yeoll,Kim, Chang-Seok,Lee, Gwan-Seok,Soh, Hyun-Cheol,Choi, Hong-Soo,Lee, Suk-Chan The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2011 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.27 No.4
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of genus Begomovirus, was isolated in Korea in 2008. We sequenced and analyzed the DNA-A of 51 TYLCV isolates from Korea, and 13 of the TYLCV isolates were selected as type representatives of TYLCV from six Korean provinces. The 13 TYLCV isolates were classified into Korea Group 1 (KG1, nine isolates) and Korea Group 2 (KG2, four isolates) based on the results of phylogenetic analysis and genome size (2774 and 2781 nucleotides, respectively). A recombination detection program 3 (RDP3) revealed two recombinations between the TYLCV Korea isolates and other TYLCV isolates [Thailand (AF206674), Iran (AJ132711), and Israel (X76319)]. TYLCV Jeju isolate was characterized by two recombination events (E1 and E2) caused by the presence of E1 in ORF V1 and C3, which may seem to be the mutations of the high nucleotide transversion and transition rate. Collectively, our results suggest that the occurrence of nucleotide transversions and transitions in TYLCV DNA-A might have induced novel recombination events within the TYLCV Korea isolates.
Global Spread of Begomoviruses via whiteflies and a new route via plant seeds
Kyeong-Yeoll Lee,Jae-Kyoung Shim,M.S. Fatema Khatun,Pijush Kanti Jhan,Hwal-Su Hwang,Sukchan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.10
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and its vector insect, the sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci, are major threats to tomato and pepper production in all around world. Since the last three decades, both B. tabaci and TYLCV have been invaded into many countries via different routes. Our studies showed that various geminiviruses including TYLCV can be transmissible by seeds as well as whiteflies. Furthermore, commercially developed resistant tomato strains against TYLCV infection can serve as TYLCV reservoirs and potentially influence on TYLCV epidemics. Therefore, transmission pathways through both insect vectors and seeds should be concerned for suitable management of geminiviruses and whiteflies.