Variations in mitochondrial cytochrome b region among Ethiopian indigenous cattle populations assert Bos taurus maternal origin and historical dynamics

Tarekegn, Getinet Mekuriaw,Ji, Xiao-yang,Bai, Xue,Liu, Bin,Zhang, Wenguang,Birungi, Josephine,Djikeng, Appolinaire,Tesfaye, Kassahun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.9

Objective: This study was carried out to assess the haplotype diversity and population dynamics in cattle populations of Ethiopia. Methods: We sequenced the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 76 animals from five indigenous and one Holstein Friesian${\times}$Barka cross bred cattle populations. Results: In the sequence analysis, 18 haplotypes were generated from 18 segregating sites and the average haplotype and nucleotide diversities were $0.7540{\pm}0.043$ and $0.0010{\pm}0.000$, respectively. The population differentiation analysis shows a weak population structure (4.55%) among the populations studied. Majority of the variation (95.45%) is observed by within populations. The overall average pair-wise distance ($F_{ST}$) was 0.049539 with the highest ($F_{ST}=0.1245$) and the lowest ($F_{ST}=0.011$) $F_{ST}$ distances observed between Boran and Abigar, and Sheko and Abigar from the indigenous cattle, respectively. The phylogenetic network analysis revealed that all the haplotypes detected clustered together with the Bos taurus cattle and converged to a haplogroup. No haplotype in Ethiopian cattle was observed clustered with the reference Bos indicus group. The mismatch distribution analysis indicates a single population expansion event among the cattle populations. Conclusion: Overall, high haplotype variability was observed among Ethiopian cattle populations and they share a common ancestor with Bos taurus.

Decentralization of Forest Governance and the Status of Community Based Forest Management in Ethiopia

Fekadu Tarekegne Teshale 한국농촌경제연구원 2014 한국농촌경제연구원 연구자료 Vol.- No.-

In vitro antibacterial, antioxidant activities, molecular docking, and ADMET analysis of phytochemicals from roots of Hydnora johannis

Degfie Teshome,Endale Milkyas,Tafese Tarekegn,Dekebo Aman,Shenkute Kebede 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.65 No.6

Hydnora johannis is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various ailments. Chemical investigation of the dichloromethane (DCM)/methanol (MeOH) (1:1) roots extract of Hydnora johannis afforded three compounds (1–3), reported herein for the first time from the species. The structures of the isolated compounds 1–3 were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. The highest zone of inhibition value was measured for DCM/MeOH extract (10.75 ± 0.25 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus at concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, promising in comparison to the standard amoxicillin (16.0 ± 0.0 mm, 0.25 mg/mL). At concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, the largest mean inhibition zone of 12.0 ± 0.0 mm was measured for compound 2 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, comparable to the standard drug amoxicillin (16.0 ± 0.0 mm, 0.25 mg/mL). Compound 2 displayed better binding affinity with minimum binding energy of − 8.7 kcal/mol (PqsA), − 7.6 kcal/mol (DNA gyrase), and − 7.4 kcal/ mol ( S aureus PK) than amoxicillin (− 7.3, − 6.1, and − 7.0 kcal/mol, respectively). This suggests that compound 2 may act as potential inhibitor of the tested bacterial proteins. Compound 1 satisfies the Lipinski’s rule of five with zero violations. Compound 2 obey the MW (452.4 g/mol) and iLogP (< 5) rules, and compound 3 obey the NHD (4) and NHA (6) rules. Compounds 2 recorded iLogP value less enough than five (1.55), implying its optimal lipophilicity. Compounds 1 and 3 satisfy the veber’s rule (NRB < 12, and TPSA < 140 unit). Compound 2 and 3 exhibited negligible acute toxicity ( LD50 > 5000, Toxicity class > 5. Compound 2 demonstrated maximum scavenging activity (67.87%) with IC50 value of 0.190 μg/mL, compared to ascorbic acid (78.21%) with IC50 value of 0.014 μg/mL at concentration of 12.5 μg/mL. Overall, the in vitro antibacterial activity of the extracts and compounds, molecular docking analysis and radical scavenging activity results of the isolated compounds suggest DCM/MeOH crude extract and compound 2 are promising antibacterial agents whereas compound 2 and 3 are promising antioxidants which corroborates with the traditional uses of the roots of H. johannis. Hydnora johannis is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various ailments. Chemical investigation of the dichloromethane (DCM)/methanol (MeOH) (1:1) roots extract of Hydnora johannis afforded three compounds ( 1–3 ), reported herein for the first time from the species. The structures of the isolated compounds 1–3 were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. The highest zone of inhibition value was measured for DCM/MeOH extract (10.75 ± 0.25 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus at concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, promising in comparison to the standard amoxicillin (16.0 ± 0.0 mm, 0.25 mg/mL). At concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, the largest mean inhibition zone of 12.0 ± 0.0 mm was measured for compound 2 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , comparable to the standard drug amoxicillin (16.0 ± 0.0 mm, 0.25 mg/mL). Compound 2 displayed better binding affinity with minimum binding energy of − 8.7 kcal/mol (PqsA), − 7.6 kcal/mol (DNA gyrase), and − 7.4 kcal/mol ( S aureus PK) than amoxicillin (− 7.3, − 6.1, and − 7.0 kcal/mol, respectively). This suggests that compound 2 may act as potential inhibitor of the tested bacterial proteins. Compound 1 satisfies the Lipinski’s rule of five with zero violations. Compound 2 obey the MW (452.4 g/mol) and iLogP (< 5) rules, and compound 3 obey the NHD (4) and NHA (6) rules. Compounds 2 recorded iLogP value less enough than five (1.55), implying its optimal lipophilicity. Compounds 1 and 3 satisfy the veber’s rule (NRB < 12, and TPSA < 140 unit). Compound 2 and 3 exhibited negligible acute toxicity (LD 50  > 5000, Toxicity class > 5. Compound 2 demonstrated maximum scavenging activity (67.87%) with IC 50 value of 0.190 µg/mL, compared to ascorbic acid (78.21%) with IC 50 value of 0.014 µg/mL at concentration of 12.5 µg/mL. Overall, the in vitro antibacterial activity of the extracts and compounds, molecular docking analysis and radical scavenging activity results of the isolated compounds suggest DCM/MeOH crude extract and compound 2 are promising antibacterial agents whereas compound 2 and 3 are promising antioxidants which corroborates with the traditional uses of the roots of H. johannis.

Acute Confusion as an Initial Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Butt Isabel,Ochoa-Ferraro Antonio,Dawson Charlotte,Madathil Shyam,Gautam Nandan,Sawlani Vijay,Geberhiwot Tarekegn 대한신경과학회 2021 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.17 No.3

Background and Purpose The respiratory manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been extensively documented. There is emerging evidence that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has number of other presenting features which might not be related to the severity of the respiratory disease. We have previously described a case of hypoactive delirium as the first manifestation of COVID-19 without profound lung disease. Here we present five cases of elderly patients, without a prior history of dementia and had no overt COVID-19-related pneumonia, who presented with the acute onset of delirium as the primary manifestation of COVID-19. Methods This retrospective, single-center study performed a health informatics search to produce a list of patients who were admitted with acute confusion and tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus between March 1 and June 30, 2020. The electronic medical admission notes were screened for all patients with confusion who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Patients with a history of dementia and a high risk of delirium were excluded, such as severe COVID-19-related pneumonia or any other infection, malignancy, drugs, or severe illness of any kind. Results During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic our hospital experienced just over 3,000 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, and 45 of them had documented confusion upon admission. Secondary causes for their acute confusion were excluded. Five patients were identified as having delirium as the initial presentation of COVID-19-related illness without significant COVID-19-related pneumonitis. None of them had overt chest symptoms or a previous history of confusion, and the 3 patients who underwent head CT scans had normal findings. Conclusions This case series illustrates the importance of recognizing acute confusion as the first manifestation of COVID-19 in susceptible individuals

Genome-wide insights of Ethiopian indigenous sheep populations reveal the population structure related to tail morphology and phylogeography

Agraw Amane,Gurja Belay,Yao Nasser,Martina Kyalo,Tadelle Dessie,Adebabay Kebede,Tesfaye Getachew,Jean‑Baka Domelevo Entfellner,Zewdu Edea,Olivier Hanotte,Getinet Mekuriaw Tarekegn 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.10

Background Ethiopian sheep living in diferent climatic zones and having contrasting morphologies are a most promising subject of molecular-genetic research. Elucidating their genetic diversity and genetic structure is critical for designing appropriate breeding and conservation strategies. Objective The study was aimed to investigate genome-wide genetic diversity and population structure of eight Ethiopian sheep populations. Methods A total of 115 blood samples were collected from four Ethiopian sheep populations that include Washera, Farta and Wollo (short fat-tailed) and Horro (long fat-tailed). DNA was extracted using Quick-DNA™ Miniprep plus kit. All DNA samples were genotyped using Ovine 50 K SNP BeadChip. To infer genetic relationships of Ethiopian sheep at national, continental and global levels, genotype data on four Ethiopian sheep (Adilo, Arsi-Bale, Menz and Black Head Somali) and sheep from east, north, and south Africa, Middle East and Asia were included in the study as reference. Results Mean genetic diversity of Ethiopian sheep populations ranged from 0.352±0.14 for Horro to 0.379±0.14 for ArsiBale sheep. Population structure and principal component analyses of the eight Ethiopian indigenous sheep revealed four distinct genetic cluster groups according to their tail phenotype and geographical distribution. The short fat-tailed sheep did not represent one genetic cluster group. Ethiopian fat-rump sheep share a common genetic background with the Kenyan fat-tailed sheep. Conclusion The results of the present study revealed the principal component and population structure follows a clear pattern of tail morphology and phylogeography. There is clear signature of admixture among the study Ethiopian sheep populations