Spicy Shiro flour and Berbere powder (an ethnic, indigenous food of Ethiopia)

Zeru Tesfaye,Awoke Temesgen,Assefa Teshome,Tesfaye Biniyam,G/Giorgies Taddesse,Bitew Abebe,Taddesse Chere,Tesfaye Kelemua,Demelash Yoseph,Yehualashet Asrat,Tefera Nahom,Ashenafi Nigat,W/Yohannes Messe 한국식품연구원 2023 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.10 No.28

Ethiopia is a multiethnic nation with a wide range of cultural traditions, as well as ancient indigenous culinary skills that have made a significant contribution to national and religious holidays, family get-togethers, community celebrations, funeral rites, and economical progress. The most extensively produced and consumed traditional meals in various regions of Ethiopia are Shiro flour and Berbere powder. The significance and reputation of Shiro flour and Berbere powder in Ethiopian culture cannot be overstated. Shiro flour and Berbere powder are consistently the most well-liked and essential components in Ethiopian cuisine. However, research on Shiro flour and Berbere powder was limited, and there was no scientifically compiled data on these food products. As a result, this study was undertaken to collect indigenous knowledge, practices, mode of preparations, and skills, as well as to generate baseline data on Shiro flour and Berbere powder at the national level by examining the physicochemical qualities, this study was conducted. A cross-sectional study design was used, and 220 respondents with prior experience preparing Spicy Shiro flour and Berbere powder took part. The findings of this study will use for interventions such as food supplementation, importing to international markets for revenue generation, setting national and international standards, formulating products, providing students and researchers with reference material, and creating jobs, particularly for young people and women. The bioavailability and recommended amount/dosage of herbs and spices to be added during Shiro flour and Berbere powder preparation, however, has not been studied in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the current study did not address the analysis of antioxidants, aflatoxins content from Berbere powder, amino acid profiles, value addition, and shelf life of both products.

Aboveground biomass, growth and yield for some selected introduced tree species, namely Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus saligna, and Pinus patula in Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Tesfaye, Mehari Alebachew,Gardi, Oliver,Anbessa, Tesfaye Bekele,Blaser, Jurgen The Ecological Society of Korea 2020 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.44 No.1

Background: Species of the genera Eucalyptus, Cupressus, and Pinus are the most widely planted tree species in the country in general and in Chilimo dry Afromontane forest in particular. Eucalyptus covers 90% of the total planted forest area in the country. However, only limited information exists in the country regarding aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), growth, and yield. This study was conducted to assess the variables on 25 and 30 years of age for three planted species: Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus saligna, and Pinus patula in Chilimo plantation forest, in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. A two-times inventory was conducted in 2012 and 2017. A total of nine square sampled plots of 400 ㎡ each, three plots under Cupressus lusitanica, 3 Eucalyptus saligna, and 3 Pinus patula were used for data collection. Data on height, diameter, soil, and tree stumps were collected. Percent C, % N, and bulk density was performed following chemical procedure. Results: The aboveground biomass ranged from 125.76 to 228.67 t C ha^-1 and the basal area and number of stems from 3.76 to 25.50 ㎡ ha^-1 and 483 to 1175 N ha^-1, respectively. The mean annual basal area and volume increment were between 0.97 and 1.20 ㎡ ha^-1 year^-1 and 10.79 and 16.22 ㎥ ha^-1 year^-1. Both carbon and nitrogen stock of the planted forest was non-significant among the tree species. Conclusion: The aboveground biomass, growth, and yield significantly varied among the species. Cupressus lusitanica had the highest aboveground biomass, volume, and basal area, while Eucalyptus saligna had the lowest value. To a depth of 1 m, total carbon stored ranged from 130.13 to 234.26 t C ha^-1. The total annual carbon sequestration potential was 12,575.18 t CO₂ eq. Eucalyptus has the highest carbon stock density and growth rate than other species.

Genetic diversity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L) using high throughput diversity array technology

Tesfaye Tewodros,Tesfaye Kassahun,Keneni Gemechu,Ziyomo Cathrine,Alemu Tesfahun 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.4

Sesame is an important oil crop widely cultivated in Africa and Asia. Characterization of genetic diversity and population structure of sesame genotypes in these continents can be used to designing breeding methods. In the present study, 300 genotypes comprising 209 Ethiopian landraces, and 75 exotic collections from diferent African and Asia countries, and 16 varieties were used. The panel was genotyped using two high-throughput diversity array technology markers. A total of 6115 silicoDArT and 6474 SNP markers were reported, of which 5065 silicoDArT and 5821 SNP markers were aligned with the reference sesame genome. For further analysis, it was fltered with an allele frequency for each SNP site and left 2997 highquality SNPs. All genotypes used in this study were descended from eight geographical origins. The average diversity of the panel was 0.14. Considering the genotypes based on their geographical origin, Africa collections (0.21) without Ethiopian collection was more diverse, when further portioned Africa, North Africa (0.23) collection was more diverse than others, but at the continent level, Asia (0.17) was more diverse than Africa (0.14). The genetic distance among the populations was ranged from 0.015 to 0.394. The populations were clustered into four groups. The structure analysis was divided into four hypothetical ancestral populations and 21 genotypes were an admixture. This indicate genotypes from the same origin didn’t classify on the country of origin. The genetic diversity and population structure guide future research work to design association studies and the systematic utilization of genetic resource.

Patterns of superficial veins in the cubital fossa and its clinical implications among southern Ethiopian population

Tesfaye Melaku,Habtamu Wondmagegn,Abinet Gebremickael,Amanuel Tadesse 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.2

Temporal variation of ecosystem carbon pools along altitudinal gradient and slope: the case of Chilimo dry afromontane natural forest, Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Tesfaye, Mehari A.,Gardi, Oliver,Bekele, Tesfaye,Blaser, Jurgen The Ecological Society of Korea 2019 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.43 No.2

Quantifying the amount of carbon pools in forest ecosystems enables to understand about various carbon pools in the forest ecosystem. Therefore, this study was conducted in the Chilimo dry afromontane forest to estimate the amount of carbon stored. The natural forest was stratified into three forest patches based on species composition, diversity, and structure. A total of 50 permanent sample plots of 20 m × 20 m (400 ㎡ ) each were established, laid out on transects of altitudinal gradients with a distance of 100 m between plots. The plots were measured twice in 2012 and 2017. Tree, deadwood, mineral soil, forest floor, and stump data were collected in the main plots, while shrubs, saplings, herbaceous plants, and seedling data were sampled inside subplots. Soil organic carbon (SOC %) was analyzed following Walkely, while Black's procedure and bulk density were estimated following the procedure of Blake (Methods of soil analysis, 1965). Aboveground biomass was calculated using the equation of Chave et al. (Glob Chang Biol_20:3177-3190, 2014). Data analysis was made using RStudio software. To analyze equality of means, we used ANOVA for multiple comparisons among elevation classes at α = 0.05. The aboveground carbon of the natural forest ranged from 148.30 ± 115.02 for high altitude to 100.14 ± 39.93 for middle altitude, was highest at 151.35 ± 108.98 t C ha^-1 for gentle slope, and was lowest at 88.01 ± 49.72 t C ha^-1 for middle slope. The mean stump carbon density 2.33 ± 1.64 t C ha^-1 was the highest for the middle slope, and 1.68 ± 1.21 t C ha^-1 was the lowest for the steep slope range. The highest 1.44 ± 2.21 t C ha^-1 deadwood carbon density was found under the middle slope range, and the lowest 0.21 ± 0.20 t C ha^-1 was found under the lowest slope range. The SOCD up to 1 m depth was highest at 295.96 ± 80.45 t C ha^-1 under the middle altitudinal gradient; however, it was lowest at 206.40 ± 65.59 t C ha^-1 under the lower altitudinal gradient. The mean ecosystem carbon stock density of the sampled plots in natural forests ranged from 221.89 to 819.44 t C ha^-1. There was a temporal variation in carbon pools along environmental and social factors. The highest carbon pool was contributed by SOC. We recommend forest carbon-related awareness creation for local people, and promotion of the local knowledge can be regarded as a possible option for sustainable forest management.

Experimental investigation on performance enhancement of vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) systems using nanorefrigerant [R-134a + ZrO2] at steadystate

Tesfaye Barza,Dawit Gudeta,Kumaran Palani 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.12

This paper is mainly concerned with an experimental investigation of the performance enhancement of a vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) system using nano refrigerant (R-134a + ZrO 2 ) at steady-state conditions. The refrigeration system has become a major consumer of energy for many industrial applications. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the refrigeration systems. The performance of a refrigeration system can be improved by either reducing the compressor power or increasing the heat-absorption rate in the evaporator. The use of nano refrigerant can lead to lower power consumption, increased heat transfer capacity, and reduced (pumping, power, and particle clogging). A two-step method was prepared by dispersing ZrO 2 (0.5, 1, and 1.5 % v) in PAG oil. A magnetic stirrer and an ultrasonic homogenizer were used. ZrO 2 nanoparticles were selected owing to their superior thermophysical properties. Through the experiments, the discharge pressure (Pdis) varies from 11.37 bar to 7.618 bar, and the suction pressure (Psuc) changes from 1.06 to o.85 bar, which gives a VCR system pressure ratio (PR) between 6.45 and 8.32. The use of nano refrigerant reduced the compressor energy consumption by 7.68 %. Finally, the result revealed the use of (R-134a/ ZrO 2 ) nano refrigerant has also resulted in a significant increase in the cooling capacity and thermal efficiency of the system.

Sick at work: prevalence and determinants among healthcare workers, western Ethiopia

Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen,Mekuriaw Alemayewu Tefera,Yayehirad Alemu Melsew 대한직업환경의학회 2018 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.30 No.-

Background: Going to work despite feeling sick also known as sickness presenteeism is one of the emerging global occupational health challenges. Sickness presenteeism negatively affects both health of work forces and productivity of organizations in general. However, there is insufficient research exploring this situation in majority of the Sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Thus this study intended to investigate the prevalence and determinant factors of sickness presenteeism among health care workers, Western Ethiopia. Methods: This study used an institution based cross-sectional quantitative study design. The study period was from February to March, 2017. We employed simple random sampling method to select 360 study samples. Data collection was performed by pre-tested structured and self- administered questionnaire. We used SPSS version 20 to carry out binary logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was calculated and significance of associations was determined at p-value < 0.05. Results: A total of 344 respondents fully completed the survey questionnaire. Mean age with standard deviation was 30. 28 ± 6.181. Prevalence of sickness Presenteeism was 52.6% [95%CI: (47.4, 57.8)] in the past 12 months. Educational status [AOR:2.1, 95%CI: (1.17,3.90)], financial problem [AOR:1.9,95%CI:(1.07,3.46)], sickness absenteeism [AOR:2.7,95% CI:(1.50,5.02)], lack of staff replacement [AOR:2.7,95%CI:(1.50,5.02)], absence of occupational health services [AOR:3.0,95%CI:(1.34,6.70)], and pressure from supervisor [AOR:1.8,95% CI:(1.01,3.31)] were significant predictors of the dependent variable. Conclusion: Relatively higher proportions of workers indicated sickness presenteeism as compared to other studies. Risk factors like educational status, personal financial problem, sickness absenteeism, lack of staff replacement, absence of occupational health services, and pressure from supervisors considerably increased the likely occurrence of employees’ sick attendance. It is advisable for health care managers to hire adequate health care staffs, to implement basic occupational health services and to design strategies which reduce pressure from supervisors.

Bioactive compounds from Croton macrostachyus and Commiphora habessinica occurring in Ethiopia

Tegene Tesfaye Tole,Eshetu Diriba,Legesse Adane Bahiru 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.3

Croton macrostachyus is traditionally used in Ethiopia for treating diabetes, cancers, digestive problems, dysentery, wounds, fevers, constipation, diarrhea, intestinal worms, malaria, pain ulcers, and inflammation. The aim of the present work is investigating the chemical constituents of C. macrostachyus and Commiphora habessinica. The powdered stem bark of C. macrostachyus was successively extracted with n-hexane, chloroform and methanol yielding 1.2, 0.72 and 6.04% respectively. Phytochemical screenings of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids and absence of anthraquinones. The methanol extract of C. macrostachyus subjected to chromatographic separation resulted in the antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and chemopreventive component lupeol (SED-1). The isolated compound was characterized using melting point, NMR and IR spectroscopy and by comparing experimentally obtained spectral data with previously reported literature. The essential oil of the resin from C. habessinica was isolated by hydro-distillation and a total of 21 components were identified by means of GC and GC/MS analysis. The main components of the essential oil were the medicinally important components α-copaene (27%), α-cadinol (25%), and trans-caryophyllene (15.3%).

Coaxially electrospuned core-sheath ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanofiber composite for photoelectrochemical water splitting

( Bekelcha Tesfaye ),( Richard Appiah-ntiamoah ),김헌 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1

Semiconductor heterojunction nanocomposites have proven to be efficient in retarding exciton pair recombination in ZnO and other semiconductor photocatalysts. Different studies have been reported on ZnO/g-C₃N₄ composite photocatalysts which were synthesized via different routes. In this study, we present core-sheath ZnO/g-C₃N₄ composite photocatalyst synthesized by coaxial electrospinning method for the first time. This nanocomposite ensures higher interfacial contact between the two semiconductors, which facilitates excitons transfer and effective separation. The ZnO/g-C₃N₄ composite was used as a photocathode for water photolysis and high photocurrent density was recorded at applied voltage of 0 V as compared to the pristine ZnO and g-C₃N₄.

Evaluation of the saturation property of vegetation indices derived from sentinel-2 in mixed crop-forest ecosystem

Aklilu Tesfaye Andualem,Gessesse Awoke Berhan 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.1

The saturation property of vegetation indices posed a known limitation and this study was motivated to understand the saturation property of three widely used vegetation indices in mixed crop-forest ecosystem where limited knowledge existed. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Simple Ratio Index (SRI) and Transformed Vegetation Index (TVI) were computed from sentinel-2 bands and; variations among bands and among vegetation indices were evaluated. The study employed green Leaf Area Index (gLAI) Version 1 product, derived from PROBA-V daily data for discriminating the saturation property of the indices. Although the study applied various methods of image preprocessing and processing, best curve fitting and correlation analysis were the key ones. The three vegetation indices: NDVI, SRI, and TVI computed from sentinel-2 bands: four (red) and five (red edge) coupled with bands 8 and 8a showed some levels of saturation. Nonetheless, TVI computed from bands 8a and 4 is the best outperforming combination, i.e., the least saturated one and it is an interesting output in a sense that a single index with significantly lower values of noise equivalent green Leaf Area Index as well as having strong association with gLAI is obtained that could be very useful for quantification of gLAI in similar ecosystems. For the rest of the bands and vegetation indices combination of the indices via setting thresholds could be one possible solution. The saturation property of vegetation indices posed a known limitation and this study was motivated to understand the saturation property of three widely used vegetation indices in mixed crop-forest ecosystem where limited knowledge existed. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Simple Ratio Index (SRI) and Transformed Vegetation Index (TVI) were computed from sentinel-2 bands and; variations among bands and among vegetation indices were evaluated. The study employed green Leaf Area Index (gLAI) Version 1 product, derived from PROBA-V daily data for discriminating the saturation property of the indices. Although the study applied various methods of image preprocessing and processing, best curve fitting and correlation analysis were the key ones. The three vegetation indices: NDVI, SRI, and TVI computed from sentinel-2 bands: four (red) and five (red edge) coupled with bands 8 and 8a showed some levels of saturation. Nonetheless, TVI computed from bands 8a and 4 is the best outperforming combination, i.e., the least saturated one and it is an interesting output in a sense that a single index with significantly lower values of noise equivalent green Leaf Area Index as well as having strong association with gLAI is obtained that could be very useful for quantification of gLAI in similar ecosystems. For the rest of the bands and vegetation indices combination of the indices via setting thresholds could be one possible solution.