입체녹화 지속가능 디자인의 경제성 요소 간의 관계분석

당악천(Tang, Le Tian)강재철(Kang, Jae Cheol) 한국디자인리서치학회 2020 한국디자인리서치 Vol.5 No.1

This study analyzed economics on sustainable designs of the 3D greenery system in order to expect the ‘balloon effect’ such as creative design, resource efficiency, or economic effect. The purpose of this study was to point the way of future 3-dimensional sustainable designs. This study sampled the economic elements of the sustainable designs by quantitative, qualitative, and previous theoretical discussions regarding the economics of the 3D greenery system and analyzed the survey empirically. Also, this study validated the economic feasibility of the sustainable designs of the 3D greenery system with an expert interview. The results of this study were as follows. First, this study reestablished the definition of the 3D greenery system as 3D and multi-dimensional greenery systems such as horizontal or vertical systems, which integrate vertical and wall greenery systems and vertical gardens, select plants with different location conditions, and rely on various structures and other spatial structures. Second, this study showed that the economic elements of the sustainable designs of the 3D greenery system were recognized in the order of ‘resource efficiency,’ ‘creative economics,’ and ‘economic value’ through the survey. Third, this study analyzed the correlation to confirm that there are significant correlations among ‘resource efficiency,’ ‘creative economics,’ and ‘economic value.’ In this regard, the sustainable designs of the 3D greenery system can make value by considering the effective use of resources, creative designs, and economic value. Fourth, as a result of the expert interview, the sustainable designs of the 3D greenery system have a positive impact on economics and can create various economic effects in terms of creative economics, economic value, and resource efficiency. In conclusion, the significance of this study is that this study can be used as baseline data for design development in future business regarding the 3D greenery system. 본 연구는 입체녹화(立體綠化) 지속가능 디자인의 경제성을 분석하여 창조적 디자인, 자원 효율성, 경제 효과 등 ‘풍선효과’를 기대할 수 있다. 향후 입체녹화 지속가능 디자인의 방향성을 제시하고자 하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구의 방법은 입체녹화 지속디자인 경제성을 대상으로 정량적, 정성적 연구 및 선행연구 등 방법에 의해 지속가능 디자인의 경제성 요소를 추출하여 설문조사를 통한 실증분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 입체녹화 지속가능 디자인의 경제성의 타당성을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 입체녹화의 정의는 수직·벽면녹화 및 수직정원을 종합하여 서로 다른 입지 조건을 이용하여 식물 등을 선택하고 각종 구조물 및 기타 공간 구조물에 의존하게 하는 수평, 수직 등 3D 및 다차원 녹화방식으로 재정립하였다. 둘째, 설문조사를 통해 입체녹화 지속가능 디자인 경제성 요소는 ‘자원 경제성’, ‘창조적 경제성’, ‘경제 가치’ 순의 인식 수준이 나타났다. 셋째, 상관관계의 분석 결과, ‘자원 경제성’과 ‘창조적 경제성’ 및 ‘경제 가치’ 간 상호 유의미한 상관관계가 존재하였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 입체녹화 지속가능 디자인은 자원의 효율적인 사용, 창조적인 디자인, 경제 가치를 고려함으로 경제성을 창출할 수 있다. 넷째, 전문가 인터뷰 결과, 입체녹화 지속가능 디자인은 경제성에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 나타났고 창조적 경제성, 경제 가치, 자원 경제성 면에서 다양한 경제 효과를 창출할 수 있다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의는 향후 입체녹화 관련 사업에 디자인 개발을 위한 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있다.

Role of Red Light, Temperature, Stratification and Nitrogen in Breaking Seed Dormancy of Chenopodium album L.

Tang, Dong-Sheng,Hamayun, Muhammad,Ko, Young-Moon,Zhang, Yi-Ping,Kang, Sang-Mo,Lee, In-Jung The Korean Society of Crop Science 2008 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.11 No.3

Seed dormancy behavior of weed seeds is a critical determinant of their survival rates in a given cropping system as it helps the weeds to evade herbicides and other weeding practices. We investigated the effects of red light, alternating temperature, stratification duration and different doses of nitrogen containing compounds alone or in combination with red light on breaking seed dormancy of Chenopodium album L. The application of red light(80 ${\mu}mols^{-1}m^{-2}$) significantly increased seed germination of C. album in all treatments. Germination rates of 12 h incubated seeds were highest under 20 min of red light irradiation than 1 min, 5 min and 10 min treated seeds. Germination rate was significantly higher at alternating temperatures of $25^{\circ}C\;and\;5^{\circ}C$ for 12 h each with an irradiation of red light(80 ${\mu}mols^{-1}m^{-2}$) for 10 min than other treatments. Stratification period of 15 days significantly stimulated germination percentage of seeds incubated in dark, although 5 days of stratification along with red light application for 10 minutes exhibit similar effects on seeds. Seed germination was also enhanced by nitrogen containing compounds like $NaNO_2,\;KNO_3,\;NH_4Cl\;and\;NH_4NO_3$. We observed that seed germination increased significantly with 25 mM $KNO_3$ and 10 mM $NH_4NO_3$ in dark condition, while $NaNO_2$ and $NH_4Cl$ enhanced seed germination under red light irradiation. It was concluded that red light alone or synergized with alternating temperatures, stratification and nitrogen compounds, especially nitrite and ammonium enhanced seed germination of C. album. Thus, the red light can play a vital role in present and future weed management strategies.

FEM Model-Based Investigation of Ultrasonic TOFD for Notch Inspection

Tang, Ziqiao,Yuan, Maodan,Wu, Hu,Zhang, Jianhai,Kim, Hak-Joon,Song, Sung-Jin,Kang, Sung-Sik The Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing 2014 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.34 No.1

A two-dimensional numerical model based on the finite element method was built to simulate the wave propagation phenomena that occur during the ultrasonic time of flight diffraction (TOFD) process. First, longitudinal-wave TOFD was simulated, and the numerical results agreed well with the theoretical results. Shear-wave TOFD was also investigated because shear waves have higher intensity and resolution. The shear wave propagation was studied using three models with different boundary conditions, and the tip-diffracted shear-to-longitudinal wave was extracted from the A-scan signal difference between the cracked and non-cracked specimens. This signal showed very good agreement between the geometrical and numerical arrival times. The results of this study not only provide better understanding of the diffraction phenomena in TOFD, but also prove the potential of shear-wave TOFD for practical application.

Active Damping Method Using Grid-Side Current Feedback for Active Power Filters with LCL Filters

Tang, Shiying,Peng, Li,Kang, Yong The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.3

LCL filters installed at converter outputs offer a higher harmonic attenuation than L filters. However, as a three order resonant circuit, it is difficult to stabilize and has a risk of oscillating with the power grid. Therefore, careful design is required to damp LCL resonance. Compared to a passive damping method, an active damping method is a more attractive solution for this problem, since it avoids extra power losses. In this paper, the damping capabilities of capacitor current, capacitor voltage, and grid-side current feedback methods, are analyzed under the discrete-time state-space model. Theoretical analysis shows that the grid-side current feedback method is more suitable for use in active power filters, because it can damp LCL resonance more effectively than the other two methods when the ratio of the resonance and the control frequency is between 0.225 and 0.325. Furthermore, since there is no need for extra sensors for additional states measurements, this method provides a cost-efficient solution. To support the theoretical analysis, the proposed method is tested on a 7-kVA single-phase shunt active power filter.

Effects of Momordica charantia Saponins on In vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Population

Kang, Jinhe,Zeng, Bo,Tang, Shaoxun,Wang, Min,Han, Xuefeng,Zhou, Chuanshe,Yan, Qiongxian,He, Zhixiong,Liu, Jinfu,Tan, Zhiliang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Momordica charantia saponin (MCS) on ruminal fermentation of maize stover and abundance of selected microbial populations in vitro. Five levels of MCS supplements (0, 0.01, 0.06, 0.30, 0.60 mg/mL) were tested. The pH, $NH_3-N$, and volatile fatty acid were measured at 6, 24, 48 h of in vitro mixed incubation fluids, whilst the selected microbial populations were determined at 6 and 24 h. The high dose of MCS increased the initial fractional rate of degradation at t-value = 0 ($FRD_0$) and the fractional rate of gas production (k), but decreased the theoretical maximum of gas production ($V_F$) and the half-life ($t_{0.5}$) compared with the control. The $NH_3-N$ concentration reached the lowest concentration with 0.01 mg MCS/mL at 6 h. The MSC inclusion increased (p<0.001) the molar proportion of butyrate, isovalerate at 24 h and 48 h, and the molar proportion of acetate at 24 h, but then decreased (p<0.05) them at 48 h. The molar proportion of valerate was increased (p<0.05) at 24 h. The acetate to propionate ratio (A/P; linear, p<0.01) was increased at 24 h, but reached the least value at the level of 0.30 mg/mL MCS. The MCS inclusion decreased (p<0.05) the molar proportion of propionate at 24 h and then increased it at 48 h. The concentration of total volatile fatty acid was decreased (p<0.001) at 24 h, but reached the greatest concentration at the level of 0.01 mg/mL and the least concentration at the level of 0.60 mg/mL. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus albus was increased at 6 h and 24 h, and the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes was the lowest (p<0.05) at 0.60 mg/mL at 6 h and 24 h. The relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and fungus reached the greatest value (p<0.05) at low doses of MCS inclusion and the least value (p<0.05) at 0.60 mg/mL at 24 h. The present results demonstrates that a high level of MCS quickly inhibits in vitro fermentation of maize stover, while MCS at low doses has the ability to modulate the ruminal fermentation pattern by regulating the number of functional rumen microbes including cellulolytic bacteria and fungi populations, and may have potential as a feed additive applied in the diets of ruminants.

All-trans-retinoic Acid Promotes Iodine Uptake Via Up-regulating the Sodium Iodide Symporter in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Stem Cells

Tang, Min,Hou, Yan-Li,Kang, Qiang-Qiang,Chen, Xing-Yue,Duan, Li-Qun,Shu, Jin,Li, Shao-Lin,Hu, Xiao-Li,Peng, Zhi-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.4

Recently, the main therapy of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is surgical, but by which way there is a poor prognosis with a mean survival of only 5 years. In some cases, some researchers found that it is the medullary thyroid cancer stem cells (MTCSCs) that cause metastasis and recurrence. This study aimed to eradicate MTCSCs through administration of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Here we demonstrate that MTCSCs possess stemlike properties in serum-free medium. The ABCG2, OCT4 and sodium iodide symporter (NIS) were changed by ATRA. Additionally, we found that ATRA can increase the expression of NIS in vivo. All the data suggested that ATRA could increase the iodine uptake of MTCSCs through NIS.

Enrichment of linoleic acid from yellow horn seed oil through low temperature crystallization followed by urea complexation method and hypoglycemic activities

Kang Yang,Ying Tang,Huayu Xue,Xiaoyue Ji,Fu-Liang Cao,Shouke Li,Li Xu 한국식품과학회 2024 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.33 No.1

Yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge) contained abundant linoleic acid (LA), accounting for about 44% of its lipid. Here, LA was enriched by low temperature crystallization followed by urea complexation, and the optimal enrichment conditions were optimized with response surface methods (3:1 ratio of EtOH/FFA, crystallization at − 25 °C for 24.5 h; 2:1 ratio of urea/FFA1, 6.6:1 ratio of EtOH/urea, crystallization at − 10 °C for 22.4 h). Under these conditions, the final LA content and recovery were 97.10% and 62.09%, respectively. In vitro hypoglycemic studies suggested that the LA extract with stronger inhibition on α-glucosidase and lower one on α-amylase than acarbose exhibited a positive control for carbohydrate digestion with lower adverse effects. The enzyme kinetics and Lineweaver–Burk plots analyses revealed a reversible competitive inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The findings of this research provided insights for the development of the LA extract as the functional component of health food.

Attapulgite/carbon composites as a recyclable adsorbent for antibiotics removal

Jie Tang,Li Zong,Bin Mu,Yuru Kang,Aiqin Wang 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.8

We evaluated the adsorption performance of attapulgite/carbon (APT/C) composite as reusable adsorbents for antibiotics. APT/C composite was first synthesized by one-step calcination based on the spent bleaching earth after bleaching of vegetable oil, and followed by a thermal regeneration after adsorption of antibiotic at different temperatures. Antibiotics adsorption results revealed that APT/C composites prepared at 300 oC exhibited high adsorption capacity and fast equilibrium. Thermal regeneration proved to be an efficient methodology for recycling the spent antibiotic- loaded APT/C composites. After the ten-time continuous adsorption-calcination process, the removal ratios of the recycled adsorbents still retained around 67.3% and 62.9% for chlortetracycline and tetracycline, respectively. The conjugation of the adsorption and regeneration results suggested that combining the advantages of APT and carbon species provided a feasible strategy to fabricate a promising adsorbent with the desirable adsorption and regeneration properties for removal of antibiotics in the future.

Active Damping Method Using Grid-Side Current Feedback for Active Power Filters with LCL Filters

Shiying Tang,Li Peng,Yong Kang 전력전자학회 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.3

LCL filters installed at converter outputs offer a higher harmonic attenuation than L filters. However, as a three order resonant circuit, it is difficult to stabilize and has a risk of oscillating with the power grid. Therefore, careful design is required to damp LCL resonance. Compared to a passive damping method, an active damping method is a more attractive solution for this problem, since it avoids extra power losses. In this paper, the damping capabilities of capacitor current, capacitor voltage, and grid-side current feedback methods, are analyzed under the discrete-time state-space model. Theoretical analysis shows that the grid-side current feedback method is more suitable for use in active power filters, because it can damp LCL resonance more effectively than the other two methods when the ratio of the resonance and the control frequency is between 0.225 and 0.325. Furthermore, since there is no need for extra sensors for additional states measurements, this method provides a cost-efficient solution. To support the theoretical analysis, the proposed method is tested on a 7-kVA single-phase shunt active power filter.

Optimized geometric error sensitivity analysis approach based on stream-ofvariation theory in multi-axis precise motion platform

Hao Tang,Chang Ping Li,Jia Chen,Huimin Kang,Tae Jo Ko,Mianke Du 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.10

In this paper, an optimized error sensitivity analysis (ESA) approach based on stream-of-variation (SOV) theory in multi-axis precise motion platform (MPMP) is introduced. Unlike the conventional ESA method, this approach utilizes stream-of-variation theory to establish error model firstly. By regarding each axis as a station, the error propagation and deviation accumulation processes are clear station by station. Through obtaining the deviations after each station, the sensitive stations can be developed, and corresponding error terms are collected. Thus, by analyzing the appearance frequency of the errors, a precise sensitive order can be developed, and a sensitivity results with different steps is given. Through ignoring the insensitive and irrelevant errors, the computational volume of error model can be saved, and the efficiency can be improved. A case study about a typical MPMP used in laser welding system (LWS) is carried out, and the results indicate that the optimized ESA approach is more efficient and accurate, and it is flexible as well. This ESA approach is not only accurate in developing sensitive levels, but also balancing the systematic accuracy and working efficiency, which is helpful to provide informative guide to engineers.