Selection of Particle Beam vs. Photon Beam Radiation Therapy for HCC: Japanese Experience

( Hideyuki Sakurai ),( M Iizumi ),( S Shimizu ),( H. Numajiri ),( M. Mizumoto ),( K. Nakai ),( T. Okumura ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Radiation therapy (RT) using conventional fractionation has not been thought to be curative enough for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and it has not been performed as a high priority in comparison to other standard treatments, such as surgery, percutaneous ablation and transcatheter approach. Because the liver is high sensitive to radiation, especially for patients with liver cirrhosis, non-irradiated normal liver volume must be preserved as much as possible when curative radiation is given for HCC. Since many technological progress has been made in radiation oncology in recent years, RTs are used as an important curative treatment option for liver cancer. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), which is included in Japanese national health insurance system, is a technique to accurately concentrate doses three-dimensionally on the target with short-term irradiation of 1-2 weeks. This technique can be used for relatively small tumors less than 5 cm with about 90% local control. Recently, Hara K. et al. reported survival result of SBRT comparing radiofrequency ablation using propensity score analysis, and they concluded that SBRT appears to be an acceptable alternative treatment option for patients who are not candidates for RFA. In addition, in Japan, muticenter prospective study of SBRT for untreated solitary primary HCC, so called STRSPH study, is ongoing. Eligible patients are untreated solitary, Child-Pugh score ≦7, Diameter: 1-5cm, UICC 7th. T1, T2, T3bN0M0, performance status score of 0-2, and 20-85 year-old. The primary endpoint / number of cases of this study are 3-year overall survival / 60 cases. Particle beam therapy (PBT: proton beam therapy, heavy ion beam therapy) has unique character of radiation dose distribution, which is called Bragg peak. PBT can accumulate more dose to the target with minimizing normal liver dose. Primary liver tumor is an important indication that has been specified to be of the highest priority by the American Society for Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO). In fact, most of the studies on PBT for HCC are published by Japan, and rather highly evaluated abroad. Eighteen proton facilities and 6 heavy ion facilities are working now in Japan. The local control rate was approximately 90% and the 5-year survival rate was reported to be approximately 50%. According to the results of our hospital, PBT can control 90% of a large tumor of 10 cm or more. Clinical studies of PBT report favorable therapeutic effects, even for not only large tumors but also tumors in elderly patient. In addition, PBT has been clearly shown to play an important role in the treatment of HCC-related portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). When applied as a curative treatment for bulky tumors with portal vein embolism, median survival time of 27 months has been obtained in our study. The clinical study comparing proton vs surgery, which is non-randomized trial using propensity score, is ongoing in Japan (JCOG1315C). Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology (JASTRO) defined identical rule for indication and treatment method in PBT for HCC, and the all data should be registered in the data-base since 2016. We are facing an aging society, although there are indications of surgery and other local treatment, the number of patients who choose curative radiation therapy due to aging and co-existing disease is increasing. But, the history of radical RT for HCC is still short, and sufficient consensus has not been obtained regarding the criteria for its therapeutic indication. RT may become an option for curative local treatment of HCC, but no specific role for RT has been described in the Japanese treatment guidelines. In the future, it is important to proceed with research to clarify the indication of curative radiation therapy, keeping in mind the comparison with other therapies.

Numerical Simulation of Tribological Phenomena Using Stochastic Models

T. SHIMIZU,M. UCHIDATE,A. IWABUCHI 한국트라이볼로지학회 2002 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.10

Tribological phenomena such as wear or transfer are influenced by various factors and have complicated behavior. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the behavior of the tribological phenomena because of their complexity. But, those tribological phenomena can be considered simply as to transfer micro material particles from the sliding interface. Then, we proposed the numerical simulation method for tribological phenomena such as wear or transfer using stochastic process models. This numerical simulation shows the change of the 3-D surface topography. In this numerical simulation, initial 3-D surface roughness data are generated by the method of non-causal 2-D AR(autoregressive) model. Processes of wear and transfer for some generated initial 3-D surface data are simulated. Simulation results show successfully the change of the 3-D surface topography.

Loss evaluation of AC filter inductor core on a PWM Converter

T. Shimizu,K. Kakazu,K. Takano,H. Ishii 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

This paper presents a core loss evaluation of AC filter inductor used on PWM converters. In order to increase the power density of the converters, high-frequency switching techniques have been applied. However, because of the limitation of cooling capability, reduction of volume of the passive components, especially the magnetic components, are limited. In order to overcome the problems, it is necessary to evaluate the loss of the magnetic components. However, conventional iron loss evaluation method, such as Steinmetz equation, cannot possible to evaluate the core loss, because those cannot take the dc-bias magnetizing condition into account. The authors have been proposed two kinds of iron loss evaluation method, the one is “a loss-map method” and the other is “an inductor loss analyzer (ILA)”. A distinctive feature of those methods is that one can know the iron loss during each switching period on the PWM inverters. Also, former one is suitable for accurate calculation of the core loss in designing process, and the later one is suitable for measuring the core loss on the practical system. By using those methods accurate design and evaluation of the iron loss can be made, and hence high power density design of the converters is realized. In this paper, firstly, a loss-map method which enables to calculate the iron loss of the ac/dc inductor in each switching period of the PWM inverter is briefly described. In the next section, an accurate measuring method of the iron loss of the ac filter inductor operating in a real PWM inverter is described. And it is proved that calculated and measured results coincide well. In the final section, iron loss characteristics of the ac filter inductor with various operating conditions of PWM inverter are discussed.

A Non-linear Control of A Magnetic Levitation System Based on Passivity

T. Shimizu,M. Sasaki 제어로봇시스템학회 2002 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2002 No.10

Control of a High-Efficiency PV Inverter with Power Decoupling Function

T. Shimizu,S. Suzuki 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

This paper presents a single-phase grid-connected inverter with a power decoupling circuit which enables longer lifetime and high conversion efficiency. In the single-phase grid connected inverter, a power pulsation with twice the grid frequency is appeared in the input dc capacitors. In a conventional inverter, electrolytic capacitors with large capacitance have been used in order to reduce the large ripple voltage appeared on the capacitor. However, lifetime of the electrolytic capacitor is generally shortened by the large ripple current with twice the grid frequency. The authors have been studied an active power decoupling method that reduce the pulsating power flowing into the input dc bus line by transferring the ripple energy to a small film capacitor, and extension of the lifetime of the inverter can be enlarged. On the other hand, power loss caused by the power transfer of the pulsation power results in the decrease of overall conversion efficiency of the inverter system. In order to overcome this defect, a revised power decoupling circuit topology which realizes a minimum loss on the decoupling circuit is proposed. Simulation and experimental verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Principal Component Analysis of Flow Field around Automobile Models under a Crosswind Condition

T. Nakashima,K. Seo,T. Hiraoka,T. Nouzawa,K. Shimizu,Y. Nakamura,A. Oyama,G. Hamada,M. Tsubokura 한국전산유체공학회 2022 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

Water Resistance of Novel Silane having Hydrophobic and Polymerizable Group

Nihei T,Kunzelmann KH,Shimizu T,Ohashi K,Miyake K,Kurata S,Kondo Y,Umemoto K,Yoshino N,Teranaka T 대한치과재료학회 2011 대한치과기재학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

MINERAL STATUS OF GRAZING PHILIPPINE GOATS I. THE NUTRITION OF CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND PHOSPHORUS OF GOATS IN LUZON ISLAND

Fujihara, T.,Matsui, T.,Hayashi, S.,Robles, A.Y.,Serra, A.B.,Cruz, L.C.,Shimizu, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.2

Nutritional status of macro minerals (Ca, Mg and P) in goats grazed on the native pasture was investigated for 2 years in Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines. Three regions in Luzon Island (Los Banos; Southern area, Munoz, Nueva Ecija; Central area and Baguio; Northern area) were objected to collect the samples of forages and blood of goats on the pasture. The average values in Ca, Mg and P contents of all the forage samples were 0.29-1.32, 0.13-0.56 and 0.15-0.45% of dry matter, respectively, and these figures almost exceeded the required dietary levels for sheep. There was no obvious changes in mineral content of forages between the seasons of rainy and dry, or among regions. In blood Ca level, more than a half of goats (57.9%) without supplement showed the level below the lower limit, and the low level was not improved even when they fed with some supplemental concentrates. The plasma levels of Mg and P were satisfactory, referring to the lower limit of normal level in goats. It is, therefore, necessary to decide the requirement and to establish a most suitable technique for supplying Ca to grazing goats in Luzon Island.

MINERAL STATUS OF GRAZING PHILIPPINE GOATS II. THE NUTRITION OF SELENIUM, COPPER AND ZINC OF GOATS IN LUZON ISLAND

Fujihara, T.,Matsui, T.,Hayashi, S.,Robles, A.Y.,Serra, A.B.,Cruz, L.C.,Shimizu, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.2

Nutritional status of trace minerals (Se, Cu and Zn) in goats grazed on the native pasture was investigated during 2 years in Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines. Three regions (South, Central and North) were objected to collect the samples of blood of goats and forages on the pasture. Se content of major species forages in the pasture was $24.7{\mu}g/kg$ DM, and was clearly lower than the value ($200{\mu}g/kg$ DM) required commonly for ruminant feed. The Cu and Zn contents of all forage samples ranged from 7.6 to 24.3 and 11.4 to 50.6 mg/kg DM, respectively, and these values almost exceeded the dietary level required for sheep. The blood Se levels in about 55% of goats grazed alone were under the normal range ($20{\mu}g/l$), but it in goats fed some concentrates as a supplement were almost within a normal ranges ($20-200{\mu}g/l$), though the Cu content of forages almost exceeded the dietary level required commonly. The 4-13% of plasma samples of goats without supplement showed the Zn level below the lower limit (0.6 mg/l) of normal range. The Zn deficiency was mostly improved by the addition of a small amount of concentrates. From these results, it will be necessary to study about unstable Cu status of grazed goats in Luzon Island regarding an interaction of Cu and other elements known to relate to the malabsorption of dietary Cu.

The Small-scale Structure of Photospheric Convection Retrieved by a Deconvolution Technique Applied to<i>Hinode</i>/SP Data

Oba, T.,Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Solanki, S. K.,Iida, Y.,Quintero Noda, C.,Shimizu, T. American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.849 No.1

<P>Solar granules are bright patterns surrounded by dark channels, called intergranular lanes, in the solar photosphere and are a manifestation of overshooting convection. Observational studies generally find stronger upflows in granules and weaker downflows in intergranular lanes. This trend is, however, inconsistent with the results of numerical simulations in which downflows are stronger than upflows through the joint action of gravitational acceleration/deceleration and pressure gradients. One cause of this discrepancy is the image degradation caused by optical distortion and light diffraction and scattering that takes place in an imaging instrument. We apply a deconvolution technique to Hinode/SP data in an attempt to recover the original solar scene. Our results show a significant enhancement in both the convective upflows and downflows but particularly for the latter. After deconvolution, the up- and downflows reach maximum amplitudes of -3.0 km s(-1) and + 3.0 km s(-1) at an average geometrical height of roughly 50 km, respectively. We found that the velocity distributions after deconvolution match those derived from numerical simulations. After deconvolution, the net LOS velocity averaged over the whole field of view lies close to zero as expected in a rough sense from mass balance.</P>