On referential vagueness: A comparative study of English and American Sign Language

Suwon Yoon 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2021 언어연구 Vol.38 No.1

In addition to the widely known Free Choice Items (FCIs), there exists another type of anti-specific item, known as existential indeterminate or Referentially Vague Items (RVIs) such as some-X-or-other in English. Such polarity items are characterized to be rather semantically non-emphatic, and their non-emphaticness is modeled as referential vagueness as a speaker-based felicity condition of minimal, non-exhaustive variation. Both FCIs and RVIs are anti-specificity phenomena, relying on a speaker’s epistemic judgment, but distinct in that, whereas FCIs require exhaustive variation, RVIs require partial, non-exhaustive variation. However, the landscape of specificity in signed languages has been less well-defined. In this background, the main goal of current study is twofold: first, by identifying an RVI sign in ASL, equivalent to RVIs in English, I support the necessity of the notion of referential vagueness to correctly capture the meaning and distribution of non-emphatic, non-exhaustive NPIs occurring in nonveridical contexts; and second, I show how both English and ASL exhibit a remarkable case of semantic-o-pragmatic extension from anti-specificity (as RVIs) to anti-veridicality (as metalinguistic negation).

Temperature and emotion in English: Corpus vs. Sentiment-AI analysis

윤수원(Suwon Yoon),James Yae(James Yae ) 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2022 언어연구 Vol.39 No.3

The current study investigates emotional attitudes of temperature terms in English via corpus analysis and sentiment AI analysis. First, based on the collocation patterns that are extracted from corpora in English (Corpus of Contemporary American English and iWEB), we attempt to specify a potential emotive feature for each temperature term. Second, we compare the results of corpus-based analysis in English with what a Sentiment Artificial Intelligence (Sentiment AI) model predicts. These results reveal how the meaning of temperature terms can be multidimensional: (a) a literal or figurative meaning in the semantic descriptive dimension; and (b) a speaker’s positive or negative emotional attitude in the evaluative dimension. Theoretical implications of the current study include the following: For one thing, we identify temperature terms as another clear case of sentiment-encoded words in English. Further, the current corpus analysis suggests adding to sentiment dictionary the newfound positive or negative connotational differences of temperature terms as a potential feature. Finally, our findings further support the notion of multidimensionality in meaning.

Semantic Compatibility Condition in American English: A Big Data-based Trend Analysis of Ethnic Slurs

윤수원(Suwon Yoon) 한국생성문법학회 2021 생성문법연구 Vol.31 No.1

The goal of this paper is to propose a Compatibility Condition for multiple expressive elements in American English. In exploring the collocation patterns of ethnic slurs, negative nigger vs. positive nigga, with other expressives, I suggest the systematicity in interaction between various expressive items. A big data-based trend analysis answers the following questions: First, how are the multiple occurrences of expressives with varying attitudes constrained? To capture the dynamic paradigm of co-occuring expressives, I re-evaluate the validity of the Compatibility Condition (CC) with big data in American English. Second, why are there exceptional cases that do not conform to the CC? I discuss how such intentional flout is employed to trigger special pragmatic effects. Theoretical implications include: (i) establishing the positive emotive stance of nigga, contrary to general conception of negativity in slurs; (ii) proposing the CC in American English; and (iii) supporting the notion of multidimensionality.

Comparison of Bacterial Diversity Isolated from the Twospotted Spider Mite Resistant to Acaricide

P. Indiragandhi,Changmann Yoon,Yoo-Lee Ju,Suwon Cho,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05

This study was performed to investigate the bacterial diversity isolated from the twospotted spider mite and to interpret their correlation between insect bacteria and acaricide resistance. Twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae was used the resistance strains, which developed over eight years to the six acaricides such as abamectin, acequinocyl, bifenozate, etoxazole, fenpropathrin, and pyridaben, respectively. After cultivating the bacteria from body maceration, bacterial colony was selected and identified through 16S rRNA gene sequences. We are identified six genus from Pyridaben resistant strain, five genus from acequinocyl, three genus from abamectin, bifenozate, etoxazole, and two genus from fenpropathrin. However, we could not found correlation between bacterial density and diversity (phylotypes) among these resistant strains. By analyzing the diversity of population microorganisms, fenpropathrin was showed 40% of Cs value (Similarity coefficient) with susceptible strain, however, abamectin and pyridaben were perfectly different (0%) with susceptible strain. It remains to be learned about how microorganisms co-evolutionary developed with their host insect correlating to the resistance and how microorganisms play role in acaricide resistant mite.

반복하중을 받는 해양 실트질 모래의 구속압에 따른 3차원 설계파괴곡선 산정

손수원(Suwon Son),윤종찬(Jongchan Yoon),김진만(Jinman Kim) 한국지반환경공학회 2022 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.23 No.12

해양지반에 설치된 구조물은 육상지반에 설치된 구조물과는 달리 해상에서의 파하중, 풍하중, 그리고 조류하중 등과 같은 장기 반복하중을 고려해야 된다. 이에 해양지반에 설치된 구조물을 설계하기 위해서는 장기 반복하중을 받는 지반의 거동을 분석하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 반복단순전단시험을 수행하여 구속압에 따른 장기반복하중에 대한 지반거동을 분석하고, 구속압에 따른 파괴특성을 쉽게 확인할 수 있는 3차원 설계파괴곡선을 작성하였다. 분석결과, 동일한 반복전단응력비와 평균전단응력비 조건이어도 구속압에 따라 설계파괴곡선의 위치가 차이가 있었으며, 파괴에 도달하는 반복하중횟수가 구속압에 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다. 작성한 구속압에 따른 3차원 설계파괴곡선은 구속압에 따른 설계파괴곡선의 경향성과 대략적인 값을 추정할 수 있다. Unlike structures installed on land, the structures installed on the offshore ground must consider long-term cyclic loads such as wave loads, wind loads and tidal loads at sea. Therefore, it is important to analyze the behavior of the ground subjected to long-term cyclic loads in order to design a structure installed on the ocean ground. In this paper, cyclic simple shear tests were performed to analyze the ground behavior for long-term cyclic loads according to the confining pressure, and a three-dimensional design failure curve was prepared that can easily check the failure characteristics according to the confining pressure. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the position of the design failure curve is different depending on the confining pressure even under the same conditions of the cyclic shear stress ratio and the average shear stress ratio, and the number of cyclic loads reaching failure is affected by the confining pressure. From the created 3-D design failure curve under different confining pressure, the tendency and approximate value of the design failure curve according to the confining pressure can be estimated.

Modalized Questions in Korean

강아름,Suwon Yoon 한국생성문법학회 2019 생성문법연구 Vol.29 No.3

In this study, we propose an analysis of a novel subtype of modalized questions in Korean. Modalized questions express the speaker’s non-commitment to the propositional content by emphasizing the equal possibility of p and ¬p worlds given what the speaker’s doxastic world is (Kang and Yoon, to appear). Thus far, the inquisitive disjunction marker nka has been analyzed as the only modalized question marker, but we identify (u)l-kka as another subtype of modalized question marker. Our proposal comprises two main parts: First, we show that (u)l-kka can be morphologically decomposed into the irrealis marker (u)l and the question marker kka; specifically, (u)l can be further analyzed as an epistemic subjunctive whose semantic role is equivalent to the English epistemic might. Second, given three core properties of modalized questions, inquisitiveness, epistemic modality, and subjunctive mood, the behavior of nka and (u)l-kka can be properly incorporated under the framework of nonveridical equilibrium. The current analysis thus suggests an extended spectrum of (u)l from the previously known irrealis adnominalizer to the epistemic subjunctive suffix.

From anti-specificity to anti-honorification: Conventional implicature of disjunction inka in Korean

( Arum Kang ),( Suwon Yoon ) 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2020 언어연구 Vol.37 No.3

The goal of this paper is to investigate the pragmatic meaning of the disjunction-driven anti-specificity marker inka associated with rigid designators such as proper nouns (e.g., John-inka) in Korean. Its attachability to a specific referent is unexpected in the previous accounts of inka (Choi 2011; Kang 2015, 2017, a.o.), assuming the felicity condition that the domain of referentially vague items like ‘wh-phrase’-inka should not be a singleton set with a fixed value. With a proper name, however, the referential vagueness presupposition cannot be satisfied. We argue that this particular use of inka is pragmatically accommodated by the anti-honorific connotational nuance, which is independent of the at-issue content. In particular, we propose that the derogatory sense triggered by inka is Conventional Implicature (a la Potts 2005), expressing a speaker’s negative attitude toward the target. We furthermore examine its co-occurrence patterns with other typical expressives and show how the dynamic paradigm of multiple expressives (the anti-honorific inka and others) can be predicted by the compatibility condition (Yoon 2015). Regarding the relationship between the two types, anti-specific vs. anti-honorific inka, we show that whereas the anti-specific inka contributes the semantic content of referential vagueness, the anti-honorific inka has only the pragmatic contribution of mitigation as a reflex of grammaticalization of the attitude holder’s subjective perspective. Theoretical implications of the current study thus include: (i) the conceptual connection from anti-specificity to anti-honorification is established; (ii) the identification of another case of expressive element in language lends further support to the notion of multidimensionality in meaning; and (iii) the close examination of compatibility condition reveals the systematicity of expressives as part of our grammar. (Hankyong National University · University of Texas, Arlington)

전술 데이터 링크에 IP를 적용하기 위한 ROHC 및 PHS 헤더 압축 프로토콜의 성능 분석

윤용구(Yongkoo Yoon),박수원(Suwon Park),이형근(Hyungkeun Lee),김종성(Jong Sung Kim),지승배(Seung Bae Jee),김학준(Hack Jun Kim) 한국통신학회 2010 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.35 No.10

Subjunctive complementizer in Korean

Arum Kang,Suwon Yoon 사단법인 한국언어학회 2018 한국언어학회 학술대회지 Vol.2018 No.12

원자로냉각재펌프의 완전특성 시험

윤의수(Euisoo Yoon),유일수(Ilsu Yoo),박무룡(Mooryong Park),황순찬(Soonchan Hwang),김수원(Suwon Kim),임영철(Youngchul Yim),오인균(Inkyun Oh),강민호(Minho Kang),최원철(Wonchul Choi) 한국추진공학회 2011 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

한국기계연구원에서는 원자로냉각재펌프의 완전특성을 시험할 수 있는 시험 설비를 구축하였다. 이 설비는 유량은 최대 2,000 m3/hr, 동력은 최대 132 kW까지 펌프 및 수차의 시험이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 완전특성 시험장치 및 시험방법, 이를 이용한 원자로냉각재펌프의 시험결과를 소개하고자 한다. An experimental test facility for the complete characteristics of pumps is constructed at KIMM(Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials). This paper describes the test facility and test technique of the complete characteristics of pumps, together with a experimental test result for a reactor coolant pump.