Damage states of yielding and collapse for elevated water tanks supported on RC frame staging

Suraj O. Lakhade,Ratnesh Kumar,Omprakash R. Jaiswal 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.67 No.6

Elevated water tanks are inverted pendulum type structures where drift limit is an important criterion for seismic design and performance evaluation. Explicit drift criteria for elevated water tanks are not available in the literature. In this study, probabilistic approach is used to determine maximum drift limit for damage state of yielding and damage state of collapse for the elevated water tanks supported on RC frame staging. The two damage states are defined using results of incremental dynamic analysis wherein a total of 2160 nonlinear time history analyses are performed using twelve artificial spectrum compatible ground motions. Analytical fragility curves are developed using two-parameter lognormal distribution. The maximum allowable drifts corresponding to yield and collapse level requirements are estimated for different tank capacities. Finally, a single fragility curve is developed which provides maximum drift values for the different probability of damage. Further, for rational consideration of the uncertainties in design, three confidence levels are selected and corresponding drift limits for damage states of yielding and collapse are proposed. These values of maximum drift can be used in performance-based seismic design for a particular damage state depending on the level of confidence.

Enantioseparation and Molecular Modeling Study of Chiral Amines as Three Naphthaldimine Derivatives on Amylose or Cellulose Tris Phenylcarbamate Chiral Stationary Phases

Suraj Adhikari,Wonjae Lee 한국분석과학회 2022 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.5

Seismo-tectonic and morphological study of the northeast Himalaya

Suraj Gupta,Mery Biswas 한국지질과학협의회 2023 Geosciences Journal Vol.27 No.1

The study of the spatial distribution of strain and stress accumulation in a continent-continent convergent system is significant for seismic hazard assessment. The Indian Plate is moving towards the north-east at a pace of 5cm/year, according to GPS velocity vectors. Since the Main Central Thrust (MCT) was active from 23 Ma to 12 Ma, when the Eurasian and Indian Plates collided for the first time, The Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) was formed by continuous collision to the south of the MCT, which continued until 3 Ma. The Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) is newly formed in the Himalayan Orogeny and is still tectonically active. This tectonically active area has been divided into four regions according to the computed ‘b’ value distribution. Regions 2 and 3 represent the inverse relationship between magnitude and frequency distribution. The magnitude range is greater than the frequency in Region 2, while the frequency distribution is greater than the magnitude in Region 3. In an overview of such alteration, two selected watersheds, namely Kameng from R-3 (Region 3) and Dibang from R-2 (Region 2), display the different values of the index of active tectonics (IAT), considering the sub-basins. Here parameters like the basin shape index (Bs), the compactness coefficient (Cc), the form ratio (Rf), the circularity ratio (Rc), the leminscate coefficient (k), the hypsometric integral (HI), the stream gradient index (SL), and the sinuosity index (SI) have been considered to compute the IAT. According to the overall average range of the IAT of the two watersheds, Kameng is more active (2.198) than Dibang (2.272). The VP and VS anomalies at 20 km, 40 km and 60 km indicate that the Kameng watershed is more active than Dibang as the higher range of VP and VS at a depth of 20 km lies near the foredeep section and it is also supported by the location of active sub-basins between the MBT (Main Boundary Thrust) and the MFT (Main Frontal Trust). The active crustal shortening across the southern part of the Kameng River, around the Main Frontal Thrust Décollement Zone, intensifies the plate movement by 10 mm/year along the section of R-3.

Chiral separation using chiral crown ethers as chiral selectors in chirotechnology

Suraj Adhikari,이원재 한국약제학회 2018 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.48 No.3

This article reviews the enantiomer separation using two typical chiral crown ethers as chiral selectors in chirotechnology. The coated chiral crown ether type chiral stationary phase (CSP) derived from bis-(1,1′-binaphthyl)- 22-crown-6 and the covalently bonded chiral crown ether type CSP derived from (18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid (18-C-6-TA) in the term of their suitability and applicability are discussed and compared in chiral HPLC. It was shown that the covalently bonded type CSP using 18-C-6-TA as a chiral selector has been widely applied for resolving various chiral primary amines in chiral HPLC. Furthermore, this article focuses on the enantiomer separation and their applications using (+)- and/or (−)-18-C-6-TA as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoresis as well as a chiral solvating agent for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Liquid chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl α-amino acids on a covalently bonded type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phase under fluorescence detection

Suraj Adhikari,Jing Yu Jin,Hyungbum Kim,Wonjae Lee 대한약학회 2018 약학회지 Vol.62 No.2

The liquid chromatographic enantiomer separation of N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMOC) α-amino acids was performed using a covalently immobilized CSP (Chiralpak IB) with cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) as a chiral selector under fluorescence detection. Several mobile phases with acid additives were used to show the effect of the reversed mobile phase on the chromatographic parameters of the separation and resolution factors. In this study, we observed that the enantioseparation of investigated FMOC α-amino acids on Chiralpak IB using 90% MeOH/water with 10 mM methanesulfonic acid as an additive in the reversed mobile phase (α = 1.18 - 2.31; Rs = 1.20 - 9.08) was significantly greater than that using other mobile phases including the conventional normal mobile condition. Owing to higher sensitivity and selectivity in fluorescence detection than in UV detection, this analytical method using the reversed phase mode is expected to enlarge their application of enantiomer resolution.

Failure rates and clinical outcomes of synthetic meniscal implants following partial meniscectomy: a systematic review

( Suraj Kohli ),( Jonas Schwenck ),( Ian Barlow ) 대한슬관절학회 2022 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.34 No.-

Background: Meniscal injury is one of the most common indications for knee surgery. The advent of meniscal repair techniques has facilitated meniscal preservation in suitable cases. Meniscal substitution with scaffolds may be advantageous following partial meniscal resection. There are three main scaffolds in current clinical use; Collagen Meniscal Implant (CMI Stryker Corporation, Kalamazoo, MI, USA), Actifit (Actifit, Orteq Ltd, London, UK) and NUsurface (Active Implants, LLC). The purpose of this systematic review was to compare clinical outcomes and failure rates of patients who have had implantation with these meniscal scaffolds. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies that included patients who had surgical implantation with Actifit or CMI. Eligibility criteria included papers that described both clinical outcomes and failure rates of these implants, a mean follow up of 5 years and studies published in English. A Google search was also performed to identify any grey literature. Results: Five Level IV studies were found for Actifit. One Level II, one Level III and four Level IV studies were found for the CMI implant. One Level II study was identified for the NUsurface scaffold with a follow-up 12 months and was included for completeness. Overall, 262 patients were treated with Actifit, 109 with CMI and 65 with NUsurface. Failure rates for Actifit were 18% (range 6.3-31.8%) with a mean follow up of 66.8 months, and for CMI 6.5% (range 0-11.8%) with a mean follow up of 97.1 months. The NUsurface failure rate was 16.9% at 12 months. Clinical outcomes such as VAS, Tegner and Lysholm scores improved significantly post-operatively. However, there was a high volume of concurrent procedures, such as anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions and high tibial osteotomies in each study group; 118 (45%) for Actifit and 53 (45%) for CMI. Conclusion: The evidence for meniscal scaffold use is insufficient to suggest that they could potentially improve clinical outcomes in patients post-meniscal resection. This is largely due to the high proportion of concurrent procedures performed at index procedure for both CMI and Actifit. On the basis of current evidence, the use of meniscal scaffolds as a sole treatment for partial meniscal defects cannot be recommended, owing to the relatively high failure rate and paucity of clinical data.

Dietary practices and gender dynamics: understanding the role of women

Suraj Das,Anindya J. Mishra 한국식품연구원 2021 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.8 No.-

The culturally embedded habitus forms esthetic sensibilities; that is, the culture of a specific community group is internalized through the process of socialization. Habitus extends to our sense of taste for cultural objects such as art, food, and clothing. In a traditional society like in India, the family is an institution with norms and values attached to it. Furthermore, it is a woman who usually cooks in a traditional society. Therefore, the sociocultural belief system and customs play a crucial role in shaping dietary practices. Hence, discussing the choices and decisions that women make related to food could unravel the gender dimensions. Exploring the dynamics of gender could help policymakers, legislators, and other stakeholders to adopt an integrated approach to amalgamate the element of inclusivity while framing the schemes and policies related to food security. The present study has used the QDA Miner Lite software for the grounded theory approach to conclude that women are the center of food choices. Moreover, food selection depends upon religious inclinations, the belief system, relative position and status in society, cultural traditions and customary laws, etc.

Estimation of response reduction factor of RC frame staging in elevated water tanks using nonlinear static procedure

Suraj O. Lakhade,Ratnesh Kumar,Omprakash R. Jaiswal 국제구조공학회 2017 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.62 No.2

Elevated water tanks are considered as important structures due to its post-earthquake requirements. Elevated water tank on reinforced concrete frame staging is widely used in India. Different response reduction factors depending on ductility of frame members are used in seismic design of frame staging. The study on appropriateness of response reduction factor for reinforced concrete tank staging is sparse in literature. In the present paper a systematic study on estimation of key components of response reduction factors is presented. By considering the various combinations of tank capacity, height of staging, seismic design level and design response reduction factors, forty-eight analytical models are developed and designed using relevant Indian codes. The minimum specified design cross section of column as per Indian code is found to be sufficient to accommodate the design steel. The strength factor and ductility factor are estimated using results of nonlinear static pushover analysis. It was observed that for seismic design category „high‟ the strength factor has lesser contribution than ductility factor, whereas, opposite trend is observed for seismic design category „low‟. Further, the effects of staging height and tank capacity on strength and ductility factors for two different seismic design categories are studied. For both seismic design categories, the response reduction factors obtained from the nonlinear static analysis is higher than the code specified response reduction factors. The minimum dimension restriction of column is observed as key parameter in achieving the desired performance of the elevated water tank on frame staging.

Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF assay performance in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis

( Suraj Kumar ),( Sawan Bopanna ),( Saurabh Kedia ),( Pratap Mouli ),( Rajan Dhingra ),( Rajesh Padhan ),( Mikashmi Kohli ),( Jigyasa Chaubey ),( Rohini Sharma ),( Prasenjit Das ),( S Dattagupta ),( G 대한장연구학회 2017 Intestinal Research Vol.15 No.2

Background/Aims: The use of genetic probes for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has been well described. However, the role of these assays in the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis is unclear. We therefore assessed the diagnostic utility of the Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis /rifampicin (MTB/RIF) assay, and estimated the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB in the Indian population . Methods: Of 99 patients recruited, 37 had intestinal TB; two control groups comprised 43 with Crohn`s disease (CD) and 19 with irritable bowel syndrome. Colonoscopy was performed before starting any therapy; mucosal biopsies were subjected to histopathology, acid-fast bacilli staining, Lowenstein-Jensen culture, and nucleic acid amplification testing using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Patients were followed up for 6 months to confirm the diagnosis and response to therapy. A composite reference standard was used for diagnosis of TB and assessment of the diagnostic utility of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Results: Of 37 intestinal TB patients, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay was positive in three of 37 (8.1%), but none had MDR-TB. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay was 8.1%, 100%, 100%, and, 64.2%, respectively. Conclusions: The Xpert MTB/RIF assay has low sensitivity but high specificity for intestinal TB, and may be helpful in endemic tuberculosis areas, when clinicians are faced with difficulty differentiating TB and CD. Based on the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, the prevalence of intestinal MDR-TB is low in the Indian population. (Intest Res 2017;15:187- 194)

Chromatographic resolution of amino acids, their esters and chiral amines on amylose and cellulose tris phenylcarbamates chiral stationary phase under simultaneous ultraviolet and fluorescence detection

Suraj Adhikari,Alisha Bhandari,Wonjae Lee 한국분석과학회 2022 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.5