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이재영(Jae-Young Lee),정우성(Woo-Sung Jung),권태순(Tae-Soon Kwon),방윤석(Yoon-Sock Bang) 한국철도학회 2009 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11월
Recently, the national target of GHG reduction has be presented voluntarily in whole world as it will be allocated regionally in Post-Kyoto mechanism. Korean government will also set up the GHG reduction target of 2020 soon. In the Korean railroad, ERP(Eco-green Railway Program) 2020 has been performing to countermeasure climate change polices from 2008. The aim of this study was to analyze CO2 emission and to predict its prospects by 2020 if the additional efforts do not be carried out for CO2 reduction. The CO2 emission was calculated using the amount of energy consumption from the operation of railcars and facilities, and then the change till 2020 was estimated. In the future, the GHG reduction target of Korean Railroad in 2020 will be determined reasonably on the application of railroad policies and technologies.
( Sung Ae Woo ),( Hye Young Ju ),( Soon Hyo Kwon ),( Ji Hye Lee ),( Soo Jeong Choi ),( Dong Cheol Han ),( Seung Duk Hwang ),( Sae Yong Hong ),( So Young Jin ),( Hyo Wook Gil ) 대한신장학회 2014 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.33 No.4
Background: All types of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) areprogressive diseases with poor prognoses. Recently, a newly proposed classificationof these diseases separated them into immune complex- and complementmediateddiseases. We investigated the frequency of C3 glomerulonephritis amongpreviously diagnosed MPGN patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with MPGN atthree tertiary care institutions between 2001 and 2010. We investigated theincidence of complement-mediated disease among patients diagnosed with MPGN. Progressive renal dysfunction was defined as a 50% reduction in the glomerularfiltration rate or the need for renal replacement therapy. Results: Among the 3,294 renal biopsy patients, 77 (2.3%) were diagnosed withMPGN; 31 cases were excluded, of which seven were diagnosed with systemic lupusnephritis, and the others were not followed for a minimum of 12 months afterbiopsy. Based on the new classification, complement-mediated MPGN was diagnosedin two patients (4.3%); only one patient developed progressive renaldysfunction. Among the immune complex-mediated MPGN patients, 17 patientsdeveloped progressive renal dysfunction. Serum albumin and creatinine levels atthe time of MPGN diagnosis were risk factors of renal deterioration, after adjustingfor low C3 levels and nephrotic syndrome. Conclusion: Complement-mediated glomerulonephritis was present in 4.3% ofpatients previously diagnosed with MPGN.